Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of acaricidal activity of eugenol and benzaldehyde against Rhipicephalus annulatus","authors":"Subramaniam Kathiravan ,&nbsp;Srikanth Immadi ,&nbsp;Prashant Somalingappa Kurbet ,&nbsp;Sirajudeen Alimudeen ,&nbsp;Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar ,&nbsp;Anju Varghese ,&nbsp;Chundayil Kalarikkal Deepa ,&nbsp;Sanis Juliet ,&nbsp;Reghu Ravindran","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Economic importance of ticks for both humans and animals is significant primarily because of their involvement in disease transmission. The continuous use of synthetic chemical acaricides on animals and/or in the environment has resulted in the emergence of resistant tick populations. Consequently, there is a compelling need to explore newer natural alternatives that can address their adverse effects effectively. Since, there are no earlier reported studies on the acaricidal activity of eugenol and benzaldehyde against <em>Rhipicephalus annulatus</em>, the present study compared the in vitro adulticidal and larvicidal activities of these phytochemicals against <em>R. annulatus</em>. Concentration-dependent mortality and inhibition of fecundity were observed in the adult female ticks treated with both eugenol and benzaldehyde. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of eugenol against <em>R. annulatus</em> were 162.33 and 467.74 mg/mL for adult female, while it was 1.26 and 1.73 mg/mL for larvae respectively. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of benzaldehyde against <em>R. annulatus</em> were 178 and 395 mg/mL for adult female and 0.69 and 4.32 mg/mL for larvae respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of cordycepin against Neospora caninum infection in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Rongsheng Huang ,&nbsp;Xi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuqian Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Qian ,&nbsp;Jing Huang ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Kairao Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengtao Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengkai Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Neospora caninum</em> (<em>N. caninum</em>) is an obligate intracellular Apicomplexa parasite that causes abortions in dairy cows and incurs substantial to significant economic losses in the global dairy farming industry. Cordycepin, a nucleoside antibiotic derived from Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaries, exhibits diverse biological activities. However, it remains unclear whether cordycepin possesses inhibitory effects against <em>N. caninum</em> infection. Therefore, this study aimed to establish both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> models of <em>N. caninum</em> to investigate the potential impact of cordycepin against <em>N. caninum</em> infection. We successfully established an <em>in vitro</em> model of <em>N. caninum</em> infection in RAW264.7 cells, followed by qRT- PCR analysis to detect the content of <em>N. caninum</em> DNA within the cells. The effects of cordycepin on <em>N. caninum</em> was observed using the Giemsa method on RAW264.7, and the rate of cell infection was calculated. Cordycepin exhibited inhibitory effects on <em>N. caninum</em> tachyzoites <em>in vitro</em>, preserving cellular integrity and reducing the rate of cell infection. In mice, we established an <em>in vivo</em> model of <em>N. caninum</em> infection and detected <em>N. caninum</em> presence in tissues using. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Histopathological changes were observed through Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Liver function was assessed by using glutamic acid aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST) kits. Oxidative stress status was measured using catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) kits. Compared with the model group, mice treated with cordycepin showed reduced clinical symptoms, increased food intake, and their body weight (P=0.0143, P=0.0068) was significantly higher than those in the model group. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment significantly alleviated hepatic cord disorders, hepatocellular swelling, detachment, and vacuolization; duodenal epithelial detachment and shortening of villi caused by <em>N. caninum</em> infection. Cordycepin administration reduced the increase in ALT (P=0.01, P=0.008) and AST (P&lt;0.001) levels caused by <em>N. caninum</em> infection, while ameliorating hepatocyte swelling, necrosis, and detachment as well as inflammatory cell infiltration within mice liver; it also led to shortened or even disappeared duodenal villi along with and oedema of the submucosa. Analysis of oxidative stress showed that cordycepin ameliorated the damage caused by <em>N. caninum</em> by reducing MDA (P=0.03, P=0.02, P=0.005) and increasing CAT (P=0.004, P&lt;0.001) and GSH (P=0.004, P&lt;0.001) levels. In conclusion, this study reports for the first time on cordycepin’s efficacy against <em>N. caninum</em> infection providing a potential candidate drug for neosporosis treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of management factors influencing Anaplasma marginale transmission","authors":"Nicolás Morel ,&nbsp;Mariano Mastropaolo ,&nbsp;Susana Torioni de Echaide ,&nbsp;Marcelo L. Signorini ,&nbsp;Atilio J. Mangold ,&nbsp;Maria E. Primo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to identify factors that play a key role in the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis by adapting a model primarily developed for cattle babesiosis. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to study the proportion of calf herds in endemic stability/instability for <em>A. marginale</em> in a semi-arid area of Argentina<em>.</em> The <em>A. marginale</em> inoculation rate (<em>h</em>) was calculated from age-specific seroprevalence using double-antigen sandwich ELISA in 58 herds of 4.5–8.5-month–old calves. Herds were considered to be in endemic instability (EI) at h &lt; 0.005 and, therefore, at risk of anaplasmosis outbreaks. A generalized linear model was performed to explore husbandry practices associated with differences in <em>A. marginale</em> transmission. Additionally, spatial clustering of herds with the same immunological status was analyzed using spatial scan statistics (SatScan, Bernoulli model). Spearman's correlation was used to explore a possible association between <em>A. marginale h</em> and <em>Babesia bovis</em> and <em>B. bigemina h</em> (data obtained in previous works). Almost half (43 %) of the herds were in the EI zone for <em>A. marginale</em>. Calves raised under forage combinations had a greater risk of being in EI (OR = 5.41, CI95 %OR = 1.43–20.41) than those reared exclusively on permanent pastures, where cattle density is higher (<em>P</em> = 0.01). Moreover, calves from herds treated only with pyrethroids to control ticks had more chances of being in EI (OR = 4.16, CI95 %OR = 1.12–15.38) than calves from herds receiving different acaricide combinations (<em>P</em> = 0.03). Calves from herds subjected to more than two treatments against <em>Haematobia irritans</em> had higher odds for EI (OR = 5.69, CI95 %OR = 1.24–26.11) than those from herds using fewer than two treatments (<em>P</em> = 0.02). The spatial analysis revealed no spatial clustering of the immune status of the herds (<em>P</em> = 0.67 and <em>P</em> = 0.74 for low and high incidence rates, respectively). A significant variation between farms was observed in <em>A. marginale h</em> (CV = 90.38 %). The correlation analysis revealed a strong epidemiological link of <em>A. marginale h</em> with <em>B. bovis h</em> (Rho=0.794, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and <em>B. bigemina h</em> (Rho=0.839, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). Given that <em>R. microplus</em> is the only vector of <em>B. bovis</em> and <em>B. bigemina</em> in the region, the results of this work strongly suggest an active and significant role of <em>R. microplus</em> in the transmission of <em>A. marginale</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acaricide effect of plants from the Brazilian savanna on a population of Rhipicephalus microplus with phenotypic resistance to cypermethrin and trichlorfon","authors":"Maykelin Fuentes Zaldivar ,&nbsp;Eduardo Bastianetto ,&nbsp;Adalberto Alves Pereira Filho ,&nbsp;Daniel Sobreira Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Valdo Soares Martins Júnior ,&nbsp;Francielle Morais-Costa ,&nbsp;Viviane Oliveira Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Eduardo Robson Duarte ,&nbsp;Ricardo Nascimento Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em> is among the most important ectoparasites for livestock. The use of synthetic acaricides has raised some concerns due to the selection of tick populations that are resistant to acaricides and environmental contamination. Therefore, plant extracts have been used as alternatives for the treatment of animals infested with ticks. In this study, <em>R. microplus</em> populations from seven different dairy farms were collected and assessed for their resistance to the acaricides cypermethrin or trichlorfon. Larvae of the most resistant population were used in assays to evaluate the acaricide effect of leaf extracts from plants of the Brazilian savanna. The most active extracts were also tested against fully engorged females. Among seven tick populations, five and three showed resistance level ≥ III for cypermethrin or trichlorfon, respectively. The most resistant tick population was evaluated in mortality assays with the plants <em>Piptadenia viridiflora</em>, <em>Annona crassiflora</em>, <em>Caryocar brasiliense</em>, <em>Ximenia americana</em>, and <em>Schinopsis brasilienses</em>. The ethanolic extracts of <em>C. brasiliense</em>, <em>X. americana</em> and <em>S. brasilienses</em> showed higher larvicidal effects in comparison to the other extracts and cypermethrin. The ethanolic extract of <em>X. americana</em> showed 60.79 % efficacy against fully engorged females of the acaricide resistant tick strain. The ethanolic extracts of <em>C. brasiliense</em>, <em>X. americana,</em> and <em>S. brasilienses</em> showed peaks in HPLC-DAD, indicating the presence of tannins and flavonoids. Three of the plants showed promising results and should be explored in further studies to develop novel tools to control <em>R. microplus</em> in cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging therapeutic avenues against Cryptosporidium: A comprehensive review","authors":"Munwar Ali ,&nbsp;Chang Xu ,&nbsp;Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar ,&nbsp;Kun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cryptosporidium</em> is among the top causes of life-threatening diarrheal infection in public health and livestock sectors. Despite its high prevalence and economic importance, currently, there is no vaccine. Control of this protozoan is difficult due to the excretion of many resistant oocysts in the feces of the infected host, which contaminate the environment. Paromomycin shows inconsistent results and isn’t considered a reliable therapy for cryptosporidiosis. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), the only FDA-approved drug against this parasite, is less productive in impoverished children and PLWHA (people living with HIV/AIDS). The absence of mitochondria and apicoplast, its unique location inside enterocytes separated by parasitophorous vacuole, and, most importantly, challenges in its genetic manipulations are some hurdles to the drug-discovery process. A library of compounds has been tested against <em>Cryptosporidium</em> during <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> trials. However, there has still not been sufficient success in finding the drug of choice against this parasite. Recent genome editing technologies based on CRISPR/Cas-9 have explored the functions of the vital genes by producing transgenic parasites that help to screen a collection of compounds to find target-specific drugs, provided the sufficient availability of <em>in vitro</em> culturing platforms, efficient transfection methods, and analytic techniques. The use of herbal remedies against <em>Cryptosporidium</em> is also an emerging area of interest with sufficient clinical success due to enhanced concern regarding anthelmintic resistance. Here, we highlighted present treatment options with their associated limitations, the use of genetic tools and natural products against it to find safe, effective, and inexpensive drugs to control the ever-increasing global burden of this disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual number of generations and biology of non-parasitic phase of Rhipicephalus microplus in irrigated and non-irrigated pasture in a tropical region","authors":"Lídia Mendes de Aquino ,&nbsp;Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais ,&nbsp;Vanessa Ferreira Salvador ,&nbsp;Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade ,&nbsp;Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal ,&nbsp;Lainny Jordana Martins Pereira e Sousa ,&nbsp;Francisca Letícia Vale ,&nbsp;Dina Maria Beltran Zapa ,&nbsp;Lorena Lopes Ferreira ,&nbsp;Vando Edesio Soares ,&nbsp;Breno Cayeiro Cruz ,&nbsp;Fernando de Almeida Borges ,&nbsp;Caio Marcio de Oliveira Monteiro ,&nbsp;Livio Martins Costa-Junior ,&nbsp;Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to verify the number of <em>R. microplus</em> annual generations in irrigated and non-irrigated pastures compared to the constant ideal environment. It also sought to evaluate the biology of the non-parasitic phase of this tick for each generation in these different areas of pasture; assess the larvae population dynamics in the pasture of each tick generation, and evaluate the <em>R. microplus</em> population dynamics parasitizing cattle in non-irrigated pasture. In the field experiment, two sub-areas were subjected to artificial irrigation (IRRI-A and IRRI-B) with artesian water, while the other two remained non-irrigated (NIRRI-A and NIRRIG-B). When more than 75 % of the total surviving engorged females from all 90 repetitions of each area (irrigated or non-irrigated) produced mature larvae within one tick generation, two cattle were infested with approximately 10,000 <em>R. microplus</em> larvae from the tick colony used in this study. On the 22nd day post-infestation, a new tick generation was started by releasing these females in different areas (IRRI-B and NIRRIG-B). This procedure was repeated successively, and each year was analyzed independently. In both the non-irrigated and irrigated areas, there were five generations of <em>R. microplus</em> per year. It can be observed that there the number of annual generations of ticks in this region has increased when compared to 30 years ago. Under the constant ideal temperature and humidity conditions (B.O.D. chamber), <em>R. microplus</em> completed an average of 6.59 generations. In the environment, the longest generation was the first (July to October), while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th (December to March) were the most similar to B.O.D. conditions. Although the number of generations was the same in the different areas, the population density of <em>R. microplus</em> larvae was higher in the irrigated area, probably because the irrigation provided milder temperatures, higher relative humidity and lower saturation deficit values during about eight hours per day. Between the 3rd and 5th generation of ticks, there was an overlap of larvae in the pastures, belonging to different generations, and at each peak of infestation observed in cattle between these generations, there were up to 30 % of larvae from the previous generation, and consequently up to 70 % of larvae from the new generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro anthelmintic activity and colocalization analysis of hydroxycinnamic acids obtained from Chamaecrista nictitans against two Haemonchus contortus isolates","authors":"Jorge A. Cortes-Morales ,&nbsp;David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ,&nbsp;María de Jesús Perea-Flores ,&nbsp;Manases González-Cortazar ,&nbsp;Daniel Tapia-Maruri ,&nbsp;María Eugenia López-Arellano ,&nbsp;Juan M. Rivas-González ,&nbsp;Alejandro Zamilpa ,&nbsp;Agustín Olmedo-Juárez","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assessed the i<em>n vitro</em> anthelmintic activity of ethyl acetate extract (Cn-EtOAc) and its bioactive fractions (CnR3 and CnR5) obtained from <em>Chamaecrista nictitans</em> aerial parts against two <em>Haemonchus contortus (Hc)</em> isolates, one resistant (strain <em>Hc</em>IVM-R) and another susceptible (strain <em>Hc</em>IVM-S) to ivermectin. Ferulic acid and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid were identified in the bioactive fractions; therefore, their commercial standards were also assessed. A colocalization analysis between the ferulic acid commercial standard and eggs of the <em>Hc</em>IVM-R strain was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the ImageJ program. The ovicidal effects of the Cn-EtOAc extract, bioactive fractions and commercial compounds were tested through the egg hatching inhibition (EHI) assay on <em>H. contortus</em> isolates <em>Hc</em>IVM-R and <em>Hc</em>IVM-S. The Cn-EtOAc caused 88 % and 92 % EHI at 5000 µg/mL on <em>Hc</em>IVM-R and <em>Hc</em>IVM-S, respectively. Fractions CnR3 and CnR5 displayed the highest ovicidal activity against <em>Hc</em>IVM-S, with effective concentrations (EC₉₀) of 2134 and 601 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the commercial standards ferulic acid and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid also resulted in higher effectiveness on the same strain, with EC₉₀ of 57.5 and 51.1 µg/mL. A colocalization analysis of ferulic acid and eggs of <em>Hc</em>IVM-R revealed that this compound is localized to the cuticle surface of the embryo inside the egg parasite. The results demonstrated that both ferulic and <em>p</em>-coumaric acids interrupt the egg-hatching processes of the two <em>Hc</em> isolates. Both phenolic acids isolated from <em>C. nictitans</em> and commercial standards exhibited the best anthelmintic effect on <em>Hc</em>IVM-S. These findings indicate that the phenolic acids were less effective in egg hatch inhibiting on the <em>Hc</em>IVM-R strain compared to the <em>Hc</em>IVM-S strain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary advanced chelate technology-based 7-mineral supplement improves growth performance and intestinal health indicators during a mixed Eimeria challenge in broiler chickens","authors":"Nasim Biabani ,&nbsp;Kamran Taherpour ,&nbsp;Hossein Ali Ghasemi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Akbari Gharaei ,&nbsp;Maryam Hafizi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Nazaran","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The health and productivity of broilers may be improved by optimizing the availability and levels of trace minerals (<strong>TM</strong>) in their feed, especially in the presence of parasites. This study investigated the effects of replacing inorganic TM (ITM) with an advanced chelate technology-based 7 TM (<strong>ACTM</strong>) on performance, hematology, lesion score, oocyst shedding, gut morphology, and tight junction structure in broilers challenged with mixed <em>Eimeria</em> species. There were 480 1-day-old broiler chickens divided into 5 groups: uninfected negative control and recommended levels of ITM (<strong>NC</strong>); infected positive control and recommended levels of ITM (<strong>PC</strong>); or PC supplemented with salinomycin (<strong>SAL</strong>); PC diet with 50 % ACTM instead of ITM (<strong>ACTM50</strong>); or PC diet with 100 % ACTM instead of ITM (<strong>ACTM100</strong>). All groups, except NC, were orally challenged with mixed <em>Eimeria</em> spp. oocysts on day 14. Each group had 6 replicate cages, with 16 birds per replicate. The results showed that the NC, SAL, and ACTM100 groups had higher (P &lt; 0.05) body weight, average daily gain (<strong>ADG</strong>), and European production efficiency index (<strong>EPEI</strong>), as well as a lower (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion, mortality rate, and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio compared to the PC group, with the NC group having the highest ADG and EPEI throughout the experiment. The SAL and ACTM100 groups had lower (P &lt; 0.05) intestinal lesion scores and oocyst numbers compared to the PC group, although all coccidiosis-challenged groups had higher oocyst shedding compared to the NC group. On day 24, the challenged birds in the SAL and ACTM100 groups had higher (P &lt; 0.05) villus height and surface area in the duodenum and ileum, as well as a higher (P &lt; 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum. The expression levels of jejunal CLDN1 and ZO-1 were also higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the ACTM100 and SAL groups compared to the PC and ACTM50 groups at 24 days of age. In conclusion, while using ACTM in broiler diets at 50 % of the commercial recommended levels maintained performance and physiological responses, complete replacement with ACTM improved growth performance and intestinal health characteristics, similar to salinomycin under <em>Eimeria</em> challenge conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular signatures of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep: A comparative serum proteomic study on susceptible and resistant sheep breeds","authors":"Ana Carolina S. Chagas ,&nbsp;David M. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Hugo Osório ,&nbsp;Ana A.P. Abreu ,&nbsp;Cintia H. Okino ,&nbsp;Simone C.M. Niciura ,&nbsp;Alessandro F.T. Amarante ,&nbsp;Hornblenda J.S. Bello ,&nbsp;Gláucia R. Melito ,&nbsp;Sérgio N. Esteves ,&nbsp;André M. Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the negative impact of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> in the tropics and subtropics, the detection of serum protein profiles that occur in infected sheep is of high relevance for targeted selective treatment strategies (TST). Herein, we integrated proteomics with phenotypic traits to elucidate physiological mechanisms associated to <em>H. contortus</em> infection in susceptible (Dorper – D) and resistant (Santa Inês – S) sheep breeds. Naïve female lambs were infected with <em>H. contortus</em> third-stage larvae on day zero (D0), and samples were collected weekly, for 28 days. Feces were used for individual fecal egg counts (FEC) blood for packed cell volume (PCV) and serum for specific antibody quantification through ELISA. Sera was collected on D0 (-) and D21 (+), and analyzed using a LC-MS/MS based proteomics approach. FEC, PCV, and anti-<em>H. contortus</em> antibody levels confirmed the absence of infection on D0. On D28 there was a significant difference between the two breeds for logFEC means (D = 3774 and S = 3141, p=0.033) and PCV means (D = 16.3 % and S = 24.3 %, p=0.038). From a total of 754 proteins identified, 68 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were noted. Phosphopyruvate hydratase (ENO3) was a DAP in all comparisons, while S+ vs D+ and S- vs D- shared the highest number of DAPs (8). Each of the four experimental groups clustered separately in a principal component analysis (PCA) of protein profile. Among the DAPs, proteins associated with the innate and adaptive immune system were detected when comparing S- vs D- and S+ vs D+. In D-, some proteins were linked to stress response to handling, sampling and heat. Focusing on the consequences of infection in each breed, in the D+ vs D- comparison, upregulated proteins were associated with inflammation control and immune response, where downregulated proteins pointed to a negative impact of infection on tissue anabolism, compromising muscle growth and fat deposition. In the S+ vs S- comparison, upregulated proteins were related to immune response, while the downregulated proteins were possibly linked to muscular development and growth, impaired by infection. Collectively, it can be concluded that ENO3 regulation emerges as a potential factor underlying the differential immune response observed between Santa Inês and Dorper sheep infected with <em>H. contortus</em>. In turn, detected acute phase proteins (APPs) reinforce their relation with infection, inflammation and stress conditions, whereas THEMIS-like may contribute to the immune system in Dorper. GSDMD, Guanylate-binding protein and ACAN warrant further investigation as possible biomarkers for TST strategy development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of CRISPR/Cas12a detection assay and its application in the detection of Echinococcus granulosus","authors":"Fuqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yule Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Tang ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Dang ,&nbsp;Jun Kui ,&nbsp;Chunxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cystic echinococcosis, resulting from infection with <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em>, poses a significant challenge as a neglected tropical disease owing to the lack of any known effective treatment. Primarily affecting under-resourced, remote, and conflict-ridden regions, the disease is compounded by the limitations of current detection techniques, such as microscopy, physical imaging, ELISA, and qPCR, which are unsuitable for application in these areas. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas12a as a promising tool for nucleic acid detection, characterized by its unparalleled specificity, heightened sensitivity, and rapid detection time, offers a potential solution. In this study, we present a one-pot CRISPR/Cas12a detection method for <em>E. granulosus</em> (genotype G1, sheep strain) integrating recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with suboptimal protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and structured CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to enhance reaction efficiency. The evaluation of the assay's performance using hydatid cyst spiked dog feces and the examination of 62 dog fecal samples collected from various regions of Western China demonstrate its efficacy. The assay permits visual observation of test results about 15 minutes under blue light and displays superior portability and reaction speed relative to qPCR, achieving a sensitivity level of 10 copies of standard plasmids of the target gene. Analytic specificity was verified against four tapeworm species (<em>E. multilocularis</em>, <em>H. taeniaeformis</em>, <em>M. benedeni</em>, and <em>D. caninum</em>) and two other helminths (<em>T. canis</em> and <em>F. hepatica</em>), with negative results also noted for <em>Mesocestoides</em> sp. This study presents a rapid, sensitive, and time-efficient DNA detection method for <em>E. granulosus</em> of hydatid cyst spiked and clinical dog feces, potential serving as an alternative tool for field detection. This novel assay is primarily used to diagnose the definitive host of <em>E. granulosus</em>. Further validation using a larger set of clinical fecal samples is warranted, along with additional exploration of more effective approaches for nucleic acid release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}