Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Profiling host- and parasite-derived miRNAs associated with Strongylus vulgaris infection in horses","authors":"Katrine Toft ,&nbsp;Marie Louise Honoré ,&nbsp;Nichol Ripley ,&nbsp;Martin K. Nielsen ,&nbsp;Maibritt Mardahl ,&nbsp;Bastian Fromm ,&nbsp;Ylva Hedberg-Alm ,&nbsp;Eva Tydén ,&nbsp;Lise N. Nielsen ,&nbsp;Peter Nejsum ,&nbsp;Stig Milan Thamsborg ,&nbsp;Susanna Cirera ,&nbsp;Tina Holberg Pihl","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The equine bloodworm<em>, Strongylus vulgaris</em>, is a common and highly pathogenic parasite in horses due to its migratory life cycle involving the intestinal arteries. Current diagnostic techniques cannot detect the prepatent migrating stages of <em>S. vulgaris</em>, highlighting the need for new biomarkers. Parasites release microRNAs (miRNAs) into their environment, which could potentially be detectable in host blood samples. Additionally, host miRNA expression patterns may change in response to infection. This study aimed to identify miRNAs associated with <em>S. vulgaris</em> infection by profiling the horse’s miRNA response in the larval predilection site, the Cranial Mesenteric Artery (CMA) and examining the circulating parasite and horse-derived miRNAs in plasma of <em>S. vulgaris-</em>infected horses. Plasma samples were collected from 27 horses naturally infected with <em>S. vulgaris</em> and 28 uninfected horses. Arterial tissue samples from the CMA and Aorta were collected from a subset (n = 12) of the infected horses. Small RNA sequencing (small RNAseq) of a subset of the plasma samples (n = 12) identified miRNAs of interest, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) evaluation of selected miRNAs in plasma from a larger cohort of horses. Small RNAseq detected 138 parasite-derived and 533 horse-derived miRNAs in the plasma samples. No difference in parasite-derived miRNA abundance was found between the infected and uninfected horses, but 140 horse-derived miRNAs were significantly differentially abundant between the two groups. When evaluated by qPCR, none of the selected parasite-derived miRNAs were detectable in plasma, but seven horse-derived miRNAs were confirmed differentially abundant in plasma between the two groups. Seven horse-derived miRNAs were differentially expressed in CMA tissue affected by migrating <em>S. vulgaris</em> compared with unaffected aortic tissue, with Eca-Mir-223–3p (Log2FC: 4.74) and Eca-Mir-140–3p (Log2FC: −3.64) being most differentially expressed. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that Eca-Mir-486–5p and Eca-Mir-140–3p had the best diagnostic performance for distinguishing between infected and uninfected horses, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Notably, Eca-Mir-140–3p was associated with age, and correcting for interaction with age increased the AUC to 0.96. In conclusion, several horse-derived miRNAs were associated with <em>S. vulgaris</em> infection and could differentiate between infected and uninfected horses based on their plasma abundance. However, the levels of these miRNAs were influenced by other factors (i.e age, breed), complicating their use as biomarkers. Parasite-derived miRNA abundance did not differ between <em>S. vulgaris</em> infected horses and those infected with other parasites using small RNAseq and were below detection limits of qPCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and application of TaqMan probe-based quantitative real-time PCR for rapid detection and quantification of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in farming environments and fish tissues","authors":"Shu-Quan Guo,&nbsp;Yao-Wu Fu,&nbsp;Ting-Long Hou,&nbsp;Shi-Lu Huang,&nbsp;Qi-Zhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis,</em> a pathogenic ciliate, is a crucial pathogen of freshwater fish and can result in severe economic loss in the aquaculture industry worldwide. It is necessary to develop a sensitive and accurate method for detecting <em>I. multifiliis</em> in farming environments and fish skin and gills to protect fishes from infection of the parasite due to a lack of both safe and effective treatment drugs. The present study established a new TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection method targeting the coding region of the cathepsin L cysteine protease (ICP2) gene of <em>I. multifiliis.</em> The sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and application for detection and diagnosis of the TaqMan probe-based qPCR method were evaluated. In addition, the linear model between the cycle threshold (Ct) and the logarithmic starting quantity (SQ) of the number of theronts per 1 L of sterile water was developed as Ct = -3.312lg(SQ)+ 34.47 with an R² of 0.9636 and a minimum detection limit of 4 theronts per 1 L of water and could be employed to determine the theront number based on Ct value. The results of the detection of trial infection samples with the TaqMan probe-based qPCR method showed that the tissues of fish individuals infected with <em>I. multifiliis</em> and the tank water samples were positive detection signals. In contrast, the tissues and water samples from uninfected fish individuals and tanks containing healthy fish showed no signals. The detection results demonstrated the reliability of this detection method. Overall, the novel TaqMan probe-based qPCR method with high sensitivity and specificity as well as repeatability for detection of <em>I. multifiliis</em> was a valuable tool in detecting the parasite in farming water, pond sediments, and fish tissues and could provide early warning for prevention of the disease caused by <em>I. multifiliis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOTCH and IGF1 signaling systems are involved in the effects exerted by anthelminthic treatment of heifers on the bovine mammary gland","authors":"Nadia Bonadeo ,&nbsp;Agustina Chimento ,&nbsp;Miguel E. Mejía ,&nbsp;Bibiana E. Dallard ,&nbsp;Eleonora Sorianello ,&nbsp;Damasia Becu-Villalobos ,&nbsp;Isabel Lacau-Mengido ,&nbsp;Carolina Cristina","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy heifers with gastrointestinal nematodes have reduced growth rates, and delayed age at puberty and milk production onset related to late mammary gland development. IGF1 and Notch signaling systems are important in this process, and an altered profile of serum IGF1 has been associated with the detrimental effect of the nematodes on parenchymal development. In this context, we aimed to study the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine mammary gland development around pre and postpuberty, focusing on proliferative and angiogenic processes that involve the Notch and IGF1 pathways. We used mammary tissue samples from pre and pubertal heifers, treated or untreated with anthelmintics, and MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells <em>in vitro</em>. Anthelminthic treatment effectively lowered EPG in feces. Mammary glands from treated heifers had increased proliferation rate (measured by PCNA) and angiogenic marker expression (VEGF and CD34), as well as increased αSMA area compared to age-matched control parasitized heifers. These changes were preceded by increased expression of Notch targets at 20 wk of age (<em>HES1, HEY2,</em> and <em>HEY1</em>), indicating a possible interaction. Similarly, <em>IGF1R</em> expression was increased at 30 weeks of age. To study the crosstalk between systems, bovine MAC-T cells were treated with DAPT (50 μM) to inhibit Notch signaling. DAPT decreased the proliferation of cells as evidenced by a decrease in PCNA, pERK, CYCYLIN D1; and the wound healing capacity of HMEC cells was impaired in the presence of the supernatants of DAPT-treated cells. Furthermore, DAPT decreased <em>IGF1</em> and increased <em>IGF1R</em> mRNA levels in MAC-T cells. On the other hand, cells treated with 10 ng/mL IGF1 Increased their proliferation (MTS assay), and induced a strong tendency to increase Notch target genes (<em>HEY1,</em> and <em>HES1</em>). Furthermore, IGF1 treatment tampered the decrease in the proliferation rate induced by DAPT. Finally, a positive correlation between the <em>IGF1R</em> and Notch target genes (<em>HEY1,</em> and <em>HES1</em>) further suggested a relation between these two signaling systems in the bovine mammary gland. In conclusion, pubertal delay related to parasitosis is counteracted by anthelminthic treatments, which increase serum IGF1, mammary cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. We postulate the Notch pathway, mainly through the <em>HEY1</em> target gene, which is modulated by the IGF1 system, may regulate both proliferative and angiogenic processes favoring normal development of the bovine mammary gland during puberty. In addition, we demonstrate that the interaction between the Notch and the IGF1 pathways may affect cell proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the molecular mechanisms related to anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus: A contemporary narrative","authors":"Janaelia Ferreira Vasconcelos Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Jomar Patricio Monteiro ,&nbsp;Thayany Magalhães Almeida ,&nbsp;Marcelo Beltrão Molento","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Haemonchus contortus</em> is a gastrointestinal parasite that affects ruminants (cattle, sheep, etc.), having a significant welfare impact worldwide. The rise of anthelmintic resistance poses a growing challenge to adequate control, compromising the success of treatments. This study presents a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of <em>H. contortus</em> to anthelmintic drugs. Following an extensive literature search (9075 total articles/excluding duplications), 61 articles were examined. From these, benzimidazoles (BZD) and macrocyclic lactone (ML) were the most reported drug classes (17 and 29, respectively). The mutations in the β-tubulin gene were the primary mechanism of BZD resistance. Important comparisons from early reports of resistance mechanisms to ML (published before 2020) mainly based on parasite-population gene expression (e.g., ligand-gated chloride channels, LGCC, and P-glycoproteins, PGP) with more recent genomic and transcriptomic data (e.g., transcription factor, <em>cky-1</em> gene) are highlighted. Additionally, resistance mechanisms to levamisole (LEV) and monepantel are discussed, showing evidence of polymorphisms in genes related to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Considering the available data, it is possible to divide the reports into two technological periods, evidencing that the availability of a chromosome-level genome for <em>H. contortus</em> in association with experiments based on controlled genetic crosses and transcriptome-wide data allowed for the visualization of genes and polymorphisms that were previously indistinguishable from unrelated genetic variation (i.e., genetic noise). Therefore, the study of anthelmintic resistance mechanisms is facing new possibilities, reflecting the large data banks and the speed at which this information is being processed. We suggest that new publications on drug resistance should adopt the approaches and refer to this new era of scientific discoveries. Consistent data interpretation, including artificial intelligence (AI) support, will help us to suggest novel biological mechanisms involved in drug resistance and predict its evolution, allowing a more comprehensible approach toward sustainable parasite control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of ultrasound and serology for the diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of cystic echinococcosis in experimentally infected sheep","authors":"Figen Celik ,&nbsp;Sami Simsek ,&nbsp;Songul Ceribasi ,&nbsp;Muhammet Uslug ,&nbsp;Mehmet Cengiz Han","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most significant zoonotic diseases globally, affecting both humans and livestocks. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound (US) and serological methods as early diagnostic markers for both post-infection and post-treatment follow-up of CE in experimentally infected sheep. An hydatid cyst fluid was aspirated and 20,000 viable protoscoleces were administered orally to a dog. After 50 days, all adult parasites were collected. The eggs were extracted and used for the experimental infection of 14 lambs (11 experimental and 3 control). Blood samples were collected and US imaging were performed weekly. Partially purified hydatid cyst fluid (PPHCF) and recombinant paramyosin (EgPmy5) antigens were prepared. The sensitivity of PPHCFA (95 %) was observed to be higher than that of rEgPmy5 (70 %), yet the cross-reaction rates with other helminth infections were 95 % and 20 %, respectively. The cysts first time were imaged at the 8 month after infection by US. Albendazole (7.5 mg/kg) treatment was initiated in the eighth month of the experimental infection. Six sheep were treated with albendazole every 30 days for a period of three months. In two sheep which died on the 8th and 10th day of the treatment, it was observed that the tension in the cyst membrane had disappeared due to a reduction in fluid and fibrosis in the cysts in the liver. Following a three-month treatment, the majority of cysts in the liver had reduced in size to approximately that of a pinhead, and the overall number of cysts had decreased in comparison with the control sheep. After a six-month treatment the presence of fibrotic, pinhead-sized cysts devoid of fluid was observed in the liver. Seropositivity was detected in a sheep with PPHCFA and another sheep with rEgPmy5 from the seventh day of experimental infection and remained detectable till death. In conclusion, albendazole can induce deformation in hydatid cysts as early as the first week of treatment and PPHCF antigen can be used for serological monitoring of the sheep population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The eukaryotic expression of SAP-2 shows higher sensitivity than the prokaryotic expressed SAP-2 protein in the detection of antibodies against bovine fasciolosis","authors":"Dongqi Wu ,&nbsp;Kangxin He ,&nbsp;Xuelian Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Tang ,&nbsp;Kun Huang ,&nbsp;Chanhao Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Gao ,&nbsp;Jincheng Huang ,&nbsp;Weiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenda Di","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine fasciolosis, caused by <em>Fasciola gigantica</em> and <em>Fasciola hepatica</em>, represents a major economic burden to the livestock industry. Developing a reliable diagnostic antigen is crucial for advancing diagnostic kits for bovine fasciolosis, which could effectively mitigate these economic losses. <em>Fg</em>SAP-2 has demonstrated​​​ considerable potential as a diagnostic antigen when expressed in prokaryotic systems. Computational analyses suggest that <em>Fg</em>SAP-2 undergoes glycosylation, promoting the investigation of whether eukaryotic expression systems--capable of performing post-translational modifications--might enhance its antigenic properties and improve its suitability for diagnostic kit development. To explore this possibility, <em>Fg</em>SAP-2 was expressed in <em>Pichia pastoris</em> (re<em>Fg</em>SAP-2), purified and used to establish an indirect ELISA. The sensitivity, specificity, and stability of the ELISA were subsequently evaluated. Field serum samples from Guangxi were tested using the re<em>Fg</em>SAP-2-based ELISA and compared to results from ELISAs employing prokaryotically expressed <em>Fg</em>SAP-2 (rp<em>Fg</em>SAP-2) and Excretory-Secretory Products (<em>Fg</em>ESP). The re<em>Fg</em>SAP-2 ELISA exhibited positive detection at a serum dilution of 1:1600, with a coefficient of variation (CV) below 10 % in both intra-batch and inter-batch repeatability tests. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity was observed with sera positive for <em>Schistosoma japonicum</em> and <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. The positive detection rates of the re<em>Fg</em>SAP-2-ELISA were comparable to those of the <em>Fg</em>ESP-ELISA, both surpassing the detection performance of the rp<em>Fg</em>SAP-2-ELISA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An indirect ELISA detection method based on eukaryotically expressed <em>Fg</em>SAP-2 was successfully developed, demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. This approach shows promise for further development in the preparation of diagnostic kits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of Trichomonas gallinae using RAA-CRISPR-Cas12a","authors":"Yuhan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yaqian Chen ,&nbsp;Xinglong Song ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhong ,&nbsp;Qingyun Guo ,&nbsp;Shengfan Jing ,&nbsp;Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi ,&nbsp;Zhenxiao Lu ,&nbsp;Qingxun Zhang ,&nbsp;Congshan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trichomonas gallinae</em> (<em>T. gallinae</em>) is an important pathogen causing trichomoniasis in birds, especially pigeons. Rapid and sensitive detection methods for <em>T. gallinae</em> are urgently needed to diagnose <em>T. gallinae</em> early to reduce poultry industry losses. Therefore, we developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method based on recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 12a (CRISPR/Cas12a) system to detect <em>T. gallinae</em>. The RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a method can be divided into RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a fluorescent signal (RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FL) and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a lateral flow strip (RAA-CRISPR/Cas12-LFS). Both RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FL and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12-LFS methods show the property of rapid. sensitive, and does not require a sophisticated instrument, and they allow the detection of <em>T. gallinae</em> in less than 1 hr. Meanwhile, they have satisfactory specificity and can accurately detect <em>T. gallinae</em> in samples of different pathogens. In summary, the RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FL and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12-LFS methods we constructed can be used for on-site <em>T. gallinae</em> detection and resource-poor areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143307750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TFinder App: Artificial intelligence to diagnose tick fever agents and assess parasitemia/bacteremia in bovine blood smears","authors":"Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade ,&nbsp;Igor Maciel Lopes de Moraes ,&nbsp;Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal ,&nbsp;Vanessa Ferreira Salvador ,&nbsp;Luciana Maffini Heller ,&nbsp;Dina Maria Beltran Zapa ,&nbsp;Lidia Mendes de Aquino ,&nbsp;Lorena Lopes Ferreira ,&nbsp;Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the importance of diagnosing tick fever (TF) agents and their parasitemia in the field to provide appropriate treatment, the objective of this study was to develop an application capable of detecting the presence or absence of these hemopathogens and calculating parasitemia/bacteremia. Therefore, to create the TFinder app, blood smears from the tip of the tail of cattle naturally infected with TF were prepared to train the artificial neural network (ANN) for <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> and <em>Babesia</em> spp. The ANN was trained with images from different microscope fields and angles. For the validation stage of the ANN, new blood smear images from different animals were inserted. The diagnosis of presence or absence and calculation of parasitemia/bacteremia performed by a human being were compared with that of the ANN. The ANN was trained with 8100 and 2871 images of blood smears containing parasitized erythrocytes with <em>A. marginale</em> and <em>Babesia</em> spp. respectively. In the validation stage, it was used a total of new 1000 for <em>A. marginale</em> and 750 for <em>Babesia</em> spp. There was a strong positive correlation between the <em>A. marginale</em> bacteremia (r = 0.9484; R² = 0.8996; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) values obtained by the human and TFinder app, the same occurred for <em>Babesia</em> spp. parasitemia (r = 0.9650; R² = 0.9314; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TFinder app for the presence or absence of <em>A. marginale</em> were 97.7 %, 86.5 %, and 95.4 %, respectively. While for A. marginale bacteremia it was 89.6 %, 98.7 %, and 98.1 %, respectively. For <em>Babesia</em> spp., the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of presence and absence were 98.0 %, 91.1 %, and 96.9 %, respectively. The calculation of <em>Babesia</em> spp. parasitemia was 84.3 %, 99.7 % and 98.9 %, respectively. TFinder app can be used to diagnose and calculate the parasitemia/bacteremia of TF agents in bovine blood smear images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Blastocystis in farm animals: A review","authors":"Jinnat Rehena ,&nbsp;Anas Bin Harun ,&nbsp;Md Robiul Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Blastocystis</em> is a ubiquitous gastrointestinal protozoan parasite found both in humans and animals. The purpose of this review is to look at the prevalence and genetic diversity of <em>Blastocystis</em> in farm animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry, and discuss the potential evidence of transmission between animals and humans, as well as highlight the related risk factors and public health significance. Significant differences have been found in the prevalence of <em>Blastocystis</em> in different hosts worldwide. The global prevalence of <em>Blastocystis</em> infection was 13.6 % in cattle (1219/8961), 15.9 % in sheep (675/4233), 31.7 % in goats (837/2640), 44.57 % in pigs (2589/5808), and 26.29 % in poultry (892/3392). <em>Blastocystis</em> is mainly transmitted through fecal-oral routes. The existence of the same subtypes of the parasite in both animals and humans indicates potential zoonotic transmission. Subtypes ST10 (43.39 %) and ST14 (19.99 %) were most frequently found in cattle, sheep, and goats, while ST5 (62.57 %) was predominantly observed in pigs, and ST6 (16 %) and ST7 (36.6 %) were commonly recorded in poultry. Analysis of risk factors suggests that age, sex, close contact with animals, geographical location, farm management system, and season were the significant risk factors reported in many studies. Although epidemiology and subtype distribution of <em>Blastocystis</em> in different hosts have been described in several studies, understanding the possible transmission pathway from farm animals to humans and the public health impacts of <em>Blastocystis</em> requires more extensive studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male mites are the promising targets for control of Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae) based on the reproductive biology research","authors":"Boxing Liu,&nbsp;Jiaqi He,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Bohan Wang,&nbsp;Mingjun Xiong,&nbsp;Weiwei Sun,&nbsp;Baoliang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dermanyssus gallinae</em> is a significant hematophagous ectoparasite affecting laying hens. However, due to the limitations of research methods, especially feeding methods, the reproductive biology of <em>D. gallinae</em> has not been fully studied. In this study, two recently developed <em>in vivo</em> feeding methods were employed to investigate the reproductive biology of <em>D. gallinae</em>, including the impacts of mating on feeding status and egg laying, the reproductive capacity of female mites, the mating capacity of male mites and the sex ratio of offspring. The results demonstrated that only mated adult female mites were able to reach an engorged state and were capable of oviposition. The maximum egg-laying times for an adult female mite was 13, with an average of 44.39 eggs per mite. Moreover, for the first time, this study described the mating ability of adult male mites. On average, a male mite can mate with 16 female mites during its lifetime and the average mating period is 8.47 d. All offspring from the first batch of eggs produced by novel adult female mites were males. Afterward, the proportion of male offspring mites gradually decreases with the generation. The results show that the males play a crucial role in the population establishment of <em>D. gallinae</em>, indicating they can be considered promising targets for the mite control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}