Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Eimeria tenella rhoptry neck protein 2 plays a key role in the process of invading the host intestinal epithelium","authors":"Yanning Li ,&nbsp;Tongxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuanrui Liu ,&nbsp;Tianxu Pan ,&nbsp;Junyi Li ,&nbsp;Wentao Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Cao ,&nbsp;Yanlong Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Zeng ,&nbsp;Chunwei Shi ,&nbsp;Haibin Huang ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Guilian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Apicomplexa parasitic phylum rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) plays a key role in the process of invading host cells. <em>Eimeria tenella</em>, an intracellular protozoan shares a similar conserved invasion pattern. However, whether <em>E. tenella</em> RON2 participates in the process of invading the host intestinal epithelium is poorly understood. In this study, the sequence of <em>Et</em>RON2 was analyzed and expressed. The expression of the truncated extracellular N-terminal fragment of <em>Et</em>RON2 (403–700 aa, designated <em>Et</em>RON2_403–700) with a molecular mass of 38.3 kDa. <em>Et</em>RON2 in the sporozoite protein was detected at 151.4 kDa by rabbit anti-r<em>Et</em>RON2_403–700 antibody. Immunofluorescence results showed that <em>Et</em>RON2 was mainly localized to the nucleus and apex of the <em>E. tenella</em> sporozoite. qPCR results showed that the highest expression level of <em>Et</em>RON2 was detected in sporulated oocysts compared with other developmental stages of <em>E. tenella</em>. In vitro invasion inhibition assays showed that the capacity of sporozoites to invade DF-1 cells was significantly inhibited after pretreatment with the rabbit anti-r<em>Et</em>RON2_403–700 antibody. Silencing the <em>Et</em>RON2 gene by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly inhibited <em>Et</em>RON2 expression and significantly reduced the invasion of DF-1 cells by sporozoites. In vivo experiments revealed a significant decrease parasite burden and oocyst outputs in chicks after infection with <em>Et</em>RON2 gene-silenced sporozoites by cloacal inoculation. Recombinant <em>Et</em>RON2_403–700 (r<em>Et</em>RON2_403–700) immunizes chicks effectively against <em>E. tenella</em> infection by inducing humoral immunity and upregulating IFN-γ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, chicks exhibited increased relative weight gain rates, lower cecum lesion scores, and reduced oocyst outputs during the <em>E. tenella</em> challenge. H&amp;E staining showed that the cecum tissue of chicks immunized with r<em>Et</em>RON2_403–700 showed relatively mild histopathological changes. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that <em>Et</em>RON2 plays a key role in <em>E. tenella</em> invasion of the host intestinal epithelium and provides a potential target for vaccines against <em>E. tenella</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study on the epidemiology, diagnosis and characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in sheep, goats and dogs in Siirt province of Türkiye revealed remarkable adaptation of Echinococcus canadensis (G6/G7) in goats","authors":"Muhammed Ahmed Selcuk ,&nbsp;Burcak Aslan Celik ,&nbsp;Figen Celik ,&nbsp;Ozgur Yasar Celik ,&nbsp;Kerem Ercan ,&nbsp;Muhammet Uslug ,&nbsp;Afra Sena Tekin ,&nbsp;Sami Simsek","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> sensu lato (s.l.), represents one of the most significant zoonotic diseases globally, affecting both humans and animals. The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of <em>E. granulosus</em> sensu lato in sheep and goats in a pilot region with a one-year slaughterhouse follow-up period and to determine the genetic differences and haplotypes among sheep, goat, and dog isolates. To this end, the prevalence of CE cysts was determined by monitoring the slaughter of sheep and goats at least three days a week at a slaughterhouse in the Siirt province of Türkiye during 2023. Additionally, faecal samples were collected from stray dogs and analysed using both flotation and molecular techniques. The presence of CE cysts was identified in 569 (11.12 %) of the 5119 sheep and 66 (2.31 %) of the 2860 goats after slaughtering. The highest positivity was observed in November (20.39 %), while the lowest was recorded in July (5.62 %). Of the sheep that detected positive, 25 (4.39 %) were less than one year old, while 544 (95.61 %) were older than one year. Of the infected sheep, 26 (4.57 %) were male and 543 (95.43 %) were female. 204 (35.85 %) sheep exhibited fluid-filled CE cysts, 338 (59.40 %) displayed calcification, and 27 (4.75 %) demonstrated the presence of newly developed cysts. The highest positivity was observed in December (5.83 %), while the lowest was recorded in May (0.62 %) in goats. Of the positive goats, two (3 %) were less than one year old, while the remaining 64 (97 %) were older than one year. Of the goats infected with CE cysts, 10 (15.15 %) were male and 56 (84.85 %) were female. Of the cysts, 56.1 % were fluid-filled, 42.4 % were calcified and 1.5 % were newly developed. Following DNA sequence analysis of CE cyst isolates obtained from the slaughterhouse, all 61 sheep sequences were identified as <em>E. granulosus</em> s.s. (G1/G3). Of the 13 goat isolates, seven were identified as <em>E. granulosus</em> s.s. (G1/G3), while the remaining six were classified as <em>E. canadensis</em> (G6/G7). The centrifugal flotation method was employed to detect the presence of <em>Isospora</em> spp. oocysts in eight dogs, <em>Toxocara canis</em> and hookworm eggs in three dogs each, and <em>Dipyllidium caninum</em> eggs in one dog. A total of 54 dog faeces were examined. No Taeniid eggs were observed in any of the dogs. Following PCR analysis of the mt-CO1 gene region in the dog faecal samples, four samples were positive for a 875 bp band. Only one of these bands was suitable for sequence analysis, which confirmed it as <em>E. granulosus</em> s.s. (G1/G3).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a combination of nucleotides and lactoferrin in maintaining stable or improving the clinical picture and laboratory findings of leishmaniotic dogs: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Maria Alfonsa Cavalera ,&nbsp;Annamaria Uva ,&nbsp;Floriana Gernone ,&nbsp;Oana Gusatoaia ,&nbsp;Rossella Donghia ,&nbsp;Andrea Zatelli","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This prospective, randomized, controlled, therapeutic study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a product containing nucleotides and lactoferrin in maintaining or improving the clinical picture and laboratory findings of canine leishmaniosis (CanL). The safety and tolerance of this combination were also assessed. Forty <em>Leishmania infantum</em>-seropositive dogs, not requiring leishmanicidal and/or leishmaniostatic treatment, were enrolled in the study and randomized into treatment (TG) and placebo (CG) groups. Products A (containing nucleotides and lactoferrin) and B (placebo) were blindly administered to TG and CG, respectively, as palatable tablets at a rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight once every 24 h for 6 months. Following inclusion (T0), dogs were followed up after 3 (T90) and 6 (T180) months. At each time point, for all animals enrolled physical examination and laboratory tests (complete blood count, biochemical panel including C-reactive protein [CRP] and ferritin, and serum protein electrophoresis) were performed. The immunofluorescence antibody test to detect antibodies for <em>L. infantum</em> (T0, T180), <em>Ehrlichia canis</em> (T0, T90, and T180), and <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em> (T0, T90, and T180) was executed. A CanL-dedicated clinical score, using a validated scale from 0 (i.e., absence of clinical signs) to 19, was assigned. Four dogs (n=2 in TG, n=2 in CG) did not complete the study. No statistically significant differences in CanL clinical score were observed between CG and TG at T0, T90 and T180. Both TG and CG showed significant variations in anti-<em>L. infantum</em> antibody titres (p=0.0001 and p=0.004, respectively). In TG, antibody titres decreased in 77.8 %, increased in 5.5 %, and remained stable in 16.7 % of dogs, while in CG, decreased in 27.8 %, increased in 50 %, and remained stable in 22.2 % of dogs. During the study, CRP and ferritin remained stable in TG and significantly increased in CG. At T180, 9 out of 18 dogs (50 %) enrolled in the CG, and 1 out of 18 (5.6 %) enrolled in the TG, developed an active form of leishmaniosis. No side effects were reported in any patient included. In conclusion, a 6-month oral administration of a supplement containing nucleotides and lactoferrin was effective in maintaining a stable clinical score, improving antibody titres and potentially reducing the progression from non-active to active forms in <em>L. infatum</em> seropositive dogs. Furthermore, the product was well-tolerated, easy to administer, and free of side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichinella findings in Germany from 2013 to 2023 indicate an increased prevalence in wild boar (Sus scrofa) population.","authors":"Annette Johne, Jana Sachsenröder, Martin Richter, Karsten Nöckler","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Germany, Trichinella spp. are mainly detected in the sylvatic cycle. Here, the affected animal species are wild boar, fox, badger, raccoon dog, wolf, raccoon and golden jackal. The predominantly detected species are T. spiralis, followed by T. pseudospiralis and T. britovi. Due to legal requirements in Germany, all hunted wild boars and other susceptible animals must be examined for Trichinella spp. if their meat is intended for human consumption. In recent years, an increase in the number of Trichinella-positive wild boar shot in Germany has been registered and the prevalence of positive wild boar scaled up from 0.002 % to 0.005 % between 2013 and 2023. Regarding regional distribution, most Trichinella findings in wild boar have been registered in the North-Eastern part of Germany. Here, the federal states Western-Pomerania, Brandenburg and Saxony that are bordering to Poland are particularly affected. The increase in positive wild boar may be associated with the spread of raccoon dogs and wolves in these regions. Thus, measures are required to prevent the spread of Trichinella among wild animals and to follow the systematic meat inspection in susceptible wild animals intended for food especially wild boar.</p>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"110316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of three LAMP protocols for the simultaneous detection of DNA from species that produce cystic echinococcosis","authors":"Héctor Gabriel Avila ,&nbsp;María Victoria Periago","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by species of the <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> sensu lato complex. Different types of canids may act as definitive hosts by eating raw viscera infected with fertile hydatid cysts. The intermediate host (mainly ungulates) and humans acquire the infection through the fecal oral route (i.e. egg ingestion). Globally, more than 1 million people are affected by CE, causing a loss of 1–3 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and a financial burden of US$ 3 billion annually. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocols promise to be a useful tool to detect DNA, providing a low cost and thermocycle-free methodology. Given that surveillance for CE can be performed in feces from canids or other environmental matrixes contaminated with eggs, the characteristics of a LAMP protocol would favor implementation in endemic areas with basic resources. Herein, we compared three LAMP protocols for the simultaneous detection of <em>E. granulosus</em> s.l. species that cause CE. This comparation was carried with DNA obtained from different stages of <em>E. granulosus</em> s.l. Two of these are newly developed protocols that showed good analytical sensitivity and specificity. In both cases, the use of malachite green dye to directly visualize the test result was possible. From these two new LAMP protocols, one had better values for the detection of DNA from different types of <em>E. granulosus</em> s.l. DNA samples. Therefore, through this study, we provide a low-cost new tool for DNA detection of <em>E. granulosus</em> s.l. in poorly equipped laboratories from endemic areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and innocuity of lotilaner in the treatment of otodectic mange in ferrets","authors":"M. Legain ,&nbsp;A. Idee ,&nbsp;D. Mardini ,&nbsp;M. Rene-Martellet ,&nbsp;M. Mosca ,&nbsp;D. Pin","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Otodectes cynotis</em> is a contagious ear mite generally responsible of a parasitic otitis. This prospective study evaluates the efficacy, safety and impact on quality of life (QoL) of oral lotilaner for the treatment of <em>Otodectes</em> infestation in ferrets. Ferrets of weight greater than 500 g, with <em>Otodectes</em> mites confirmed on ear swabs examination and that did not receive an acaricidal treatment in the previous two weeks were included. Oral lotilaner (Credelio 12 mg, ELANCO FRANCE, Sèvres, France) was administered at inclusion day (D0) and 28 days later (D28). Parasitic counts and clinical examination were performed at D0, D28 and D56. A QoL and owner satisfaction questionnaire was given at D0 and D56. Statistical analysis was performed with Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and Wilcoxon test for mean comparison (significance: p&lt;0.05). Eleven ferrets were included, two were asymptomatic. Mean weight was 1.2 kg (0.68–2.66). Mean lotilaner dose was 12.3 mg/kg (9–17.6). Mean eggs, adults or nymphs, larvae, and fragments counts were 30.4 (3–104), 11.2 (1–61), 5.4 (0–36), 3.5 (1–7) respectively at D0; 0, 0, 0.1 (0–1), 0.5 (0–3) respectively at D28; 0, 0, 0, 0.14 (0–1) respectively at D56. Differences were statistically significant from baseline in all cases (p&lt;0.05). Pruritus was absent in all cases at D56. No adverse effects were reported. All owners were “completely satisfied” with the treatment. Mean impact of the disease on QoL was 4.5/18 (SD=4.15) at D0 and 0 at D56 (significant difference, p&lt;0.05). Oral lotilaner appears as a safe, efficient, easy to use and satisfactory treatment of <em>Otodectes cynotis</em> infestation in ferrets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724002061/pdfft?md5=a925e61acf3a544e8d5b4ac6b3a273fb&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724002061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular-phylogenetic analyses of Babesia and Theileria species from small mammals and their ticks in northern China suggest new reservoirs of bovine and equine piroplasms","authors":"Ente Li ,&nbsp;Xuanchen Wu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Tang ,&nbsp;Meihua Yang ,&nbsp;Sándor Hornok ,&nbsp;Chunju Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Babesia</em> and <em>Theileria</em> species (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) are tick-borne protozoan parasites that can cause mild to severe infection in humans, wildlife, livestock and companion animals. To date, reports on the molecular study of piroplasms from wild living small mammals and their ticks are still limited, especially in Asia. This study encompassed an extensive survey involving 907 liver samples and 145 ixodid ticks from 16 different species of small mammals (Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Eulipotyphla). These were collected in 13 cities and counties in northern China. DNA extracts from these samples were screened for the presence of piroplasm <em>18S rRNA</em> gene. Samples that tested positive were further evaluated for other genetic markers of piroplasms, including the cox1 gene and the <em>ITS1</em>-<em>5.8S rDNA</em>-<em>ITS2</em> region. Several piroplasm species were identified, including <em>Babesia</em> sp. tavsan2, <em>Babesia occultans</em>, <em>Theileria</em> sp. Xinjiang, <em>Theileria equi</em>, and <em>Theileria</em> sp. Kalecik. Among these, <em>Theileria</em> sp. Xinjiang was shown to be the most prevalent. Importantly, <em>Babesia</em> sp. tavsan2 was identified in the tick <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em> from the Yarkand hare and <em>Theileria</em> sp. Kalecik in <em>Hyalomma asiaticum</em> from the long-eared hedgehog, in line with the detection of these pathogens in tissue samples of the relevant hosts. This study further disclosed the presence of DNA from <em>B</em>. <em>occultans</em> and <em>T</em>. <em>equi</em>, typically found in cattle and horses respectively, with an additional discovery in small mammals. Moreover, <em>Theileria</em> sp. Kalecik, which was first detected in small-sized mammals, and <em>Babesia</em> sp. tavsan2, were both reported for the first time in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001936/pdfft?md5=75eafa80364d537665d4199b26473177&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001936-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii in cats with clinical signs and living in households with women of childbearing age","authors":"Donato Traversa ,&nbsp;Simone Morelli ,&nbsp;Angela Di Cesare ,&nbsp;Mariasole Colombo ,&nbsp;Raffaella Iorio ,&nbsp;Alessandra Pagliaccia ,&nbsp;Cecilia Catalano ,&nbsp;Barbara Paoletti ,&nbsp;Roberto Brueckmann","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxoplasmosis caused by <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is a protozoal zoonosis with high sanitary risk for pregnant women and immunocompromised people. Felids, including domestic cats, are the only definitive hosts of <em>T. gondii</em>. They shed oocysts which, in the environment, become infectious for a wide range of animals, including humans, acting as intermediate hosts. This study evaluated the frequency of acute toxoplasmosis in domestic cats with compatible clinical signs and living in households with women of childbearing age. Individual serum samples were collected from 150 cats and analyzed for IgM and IgG against <em>T. gondii</em>. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between seropositivity and potential risk factors. Overall, 31 cats (20.7 %) were seropositive for anti-<em>T. gondii</em> antibodies, i.e. 9 (6.0 %) for IgM, 17 (11.3 %) for IgG and 5 (3.3 %) for both. The cats showed different combinations of clinical pictures. The following statistically significant associations were found: male sex and positivity for IgM and/or IgG (p=0.0248; OR= 0.3537; 95 % CI= 0.1528–0.8675), presence of 2 or more clinical signs and positivity to IgM only (p=0.0003; OR= +infinity; 95 % CI= 3.924 to +infinity), presence of either neurological signs (p=0.0025; OR= 13.30; 95 % CI= 3.409–61.39) or ocular signs (p=0.0228; OR= 5.835; 95 % CI= 1.631–22.37) and positivity to IgM only, presence of gastrointestinal signs and positivity to IgG only (p=0.0083; OR= 5.508; 95 % CI= 1.503–18.54). Male sex also resulted a possible risk factor in the binomial logistic regression (p= 0.011; OR= 3.336; 95 % CI= 1.131–8.44). These results indicate that cats living with women of childbearing age are at risk of infection with <em>T. gondii</em>. The presence of certain clinical signs can be helpful in identifying recent and/or current infections using laboratory analyses. Awareness on toxoplasmosis should be kept high to protect animal and public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724002024/pdfft?md5=22ac3c6342773de6da7357773493c61a&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724002024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of a Bayesian latent class model to estimate the test characteristics of three liver fluke diagnostic tests under New Zealand field conditions","authors":"A. Dowling ,&nbsp;K.E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;I. Scott ,&nbsp;L. Howe ,&nbsp;W.E. Pomroy","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liver fluke <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> is a trematode parasite of farmed livestock with worldwide distribution, causing chronic production losses and possible death from hepatobiliary damage. The effective management of liver fluke infection requires diagnostic tests which can accurately identify infected animals at both the individual and herd level. However, the accuracy of liver fluke diagnostic tests performed on individual New Zealand cattle is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to use a Bayesian latent class model (LCM) to estimate the test characteristics of three liver fluke diagnostic tests, the coproantigen ELISA, the IDEXX antibody ELISA and the faecal egg count. One hundred and twenty dairy cows each from two dairy farms were blood and faecal sampled in April 2021. The samples were transported to Massey University, Palmerston North, and the three diagnostic tests completed following the respective manufacturer instructions. A Bayesian LCM model, adapted from the original Hui and Walter 2 tests 2 populations model, was built to estimate the test characteristics of the three diagnostic tests in the two dairy herds. The model was implemented in JAGS using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The first 30,000 iterations were discarded as burn-in, and the next 200,000 iterations were used to construct the posterior distributions. Uninformed priors, beta (1,1), were used as the prior distributions for the prevalence estimation and informed beta priors, based on published results, were used as the prior distributions for estimating the sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test. Model convergence was confirmed by inspection of trace plots and examination of the results of the Gelman and Rubin test. The results found that the coproantigen ELISA test was the most accurate for diagnosing liver fluke infection in individual animals with a sensitivity = 0.98 (95 % CI 0.95–1.00) and specificity = 0.95 (95 % CI 0.81–1.00) compared to the IDEXX antibody ELISA test, sensitivity = 0.39 (95 % CI 0.32–0.47) and specificity = 0.86 (95 % CI 0.75–0.96) or the FEC, sensitivity = 0.23 (95 % CI 0.17–0.30) and specificity = 0.92 (95 % CI 0.86–0.97). Based on these results clinicians should be encouraged to use the coproantigen ELISA test to diagnose liver fluke infection in individual cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001948/pdfft?md5=db699fad4993a49ad3715bb25a769b0e&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001948-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-infection of Liburna oophaga sp. nov. and Ikanecator primus on cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) eggs and the effectiveness of peracetic acid as a treatment","authors":"Mehmet Arif Zoral ,&nbsp;Zdenek Lajbner ,&nbsp;Lucia Zifcakova ,&nbsp;Shinichi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Jonathan Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cuttlefish <em>Sepia pharaonis</em> species complex is emerging as a promising set of organisms for research in neuroscience, the behavioral sciences, and commercial aquaculture. At the same time, information about pathogens and diseases that could affect cuttlefish cultivation in intensive aquaculture settings remains limited. Our study has identified two species of parasite, the protozoan <em>Liburna oophaga</em> sp. nov. and the metazoan <em>Ikanecator primus,</em> that co-infect cuttlefish eggs, increasing mortality and reducing hatching rates. <em>L. oophaga</em> sp. nov. is reported here for the first time to enhance mortality during the incubation period by inducing deformity in cuttlefish eggs. We investigated the application of peracetic acid to parasite elimination during cuttlefish egg incubation. When cuttlefish eggs were treated with a peracetic acid containing product (PAA-product); 35 mg/L PAA + 15 mg/L H₂O₂, <em>L. oophaga</em> on the surfaces of the eggs were eliminated within 10 min. PAA-product; 70 mg/L PAA + 30 mg/L H₂O₂ was required to achieve the same effect for <em>I. primus</em>. Immersion treatment with PAA-product at 70 mg/L PAA + 30 mg/L H₂O₂ reduced parasitic load and improved survival of cuttlefish embryos and hatchling size, demonstrating that PAA product can inhibit and control parasitic co-infections in cephalopod culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001912/pdfft?md5=24f87c9c79d60d1bf85dd73f81c074da&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001912-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}