Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) larvae as an alternative model for antileishmanial drug evaluation","authors":"Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves ,&nbsp;Victoria Hannah Araújo de Almeida Passos ,&nbsp;Paulline Paiva Mendes de Souza Leal ,&nbsp;Pastora Pereira Lima Neta ,&nbsp;Bianca Soriano dos Anjos ,&nbsp;Boris Timah Acha ,&nbsp;Jose Moreira Tavares Neto ,&nbsp;José Otávio Carvalho Sena de Almeida ,&nbsp;Leonardo da Rocha Sousa ,&nbsp;Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo ,&nbsp;Klinger Antonio da Franca Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho ,&nbsp;Gad Baneth","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis is zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus <em>Leishmania</em>. Available treatments are limited and are associated with a range of adverse effects. The search for potential new drugs involves both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> assays. Rodents are primarily employed as experimental models for <em>in vivo</em> assays. However, this practice raises ethical concerns, including issues related to environmental impact and animal welfare. Therefore, various alternative methods have emerged to avoid or reduce the use of mammals in laboratories for preclinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate <em>Leishmania amazonensis</em> infection in yellow mealworm (<em>Tenebrio molitor</em>) larvae. <em>T. molitor</em> larvae were infected with promastigotes (1 ×10⁵; 1 ×10⁶; and 1 ×10⁷) and assessed through survival curves, degree of melanization, parasitic load, cell proliferation, and oxidative stress levels measured by reduced Glutathione (GSH) and nitrite levels. <em>Leishmania</em> promastigotes which invaded <em>T. motilor</em> plasmatocytes transformed into intracellular amastigotes. Ten percent of larval death was observed after 24 hours in larvae that received 1 × 10⁵ and 1 × 10⁶ promastigotes and 20 % mortality was found for those that received 1 × 10⁷. The parasitic load revealed approximately 1750 parasites/larva infected with the highest concentration. Furthermore, the larvae showed a cellular response pattern similar to that seen in vertebrate host infections, with increased cell proliferation, activation of plasmatocytes, and elevated GSH and nitrite levels. This is the first study to establish <em>T. molitor</em> larvae as an alternative model for investigating <em>Leishmania</em> pathogenesis in invertebrates, proposing its use in preclinical trials for exploring potential new drugs to combat leishmaniasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neospora caninum triggers the release of heterophil extracellular traps in chickens","authors":"Zhengkai Wei ,&nbsp;Yuqian Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Gao ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Qian ,&nbsp;Dezhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianyong Li ,&nbsp;Quan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Neospora caninum (N. caninum)</em> has been recognized as a pathogen responsible for neosporosis in chicken. Heterophils, which are a crucial part of the chicken's innate immune response, employ heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) as a principal defense strategy against invading pathogens. However, whether <em>N. caninum</em> can trigger the release of HETs remains unclear. This study presents the first evidence that <em>N. caninum</em> can induce the release of HETs in chickens and delves into the mechanisms that regulate this phenomenon. The impact of <em>N. caninum</em> on heterophil activity was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. <em>N. caninum</em>- induced HETs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The release of <em>N. caninum</em>-induced HETs was quantified using a PicoGreen-based fluorescence microplate assay. Our findings revealed that heterophil activity remained unaffected by <em>N. caninum</em> infection. <em>N. caninum</em> induced thicknesses, reminiscent of HET-like structures, which primarily consisted of a DNA skeleton, citrullinated histone (citH3), and elastin. Furthermore, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected during the release of <em>N. caninum</em>-induced HETs, a process that was found to be dependent on ROS-mediated activation, NADPH oxidase activity, glycolysis, toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) and MAPK signaling pathways. <em>N. caninum</em> induced-HETs release was shown to be ROS-dependent, involving the activation of NADPH oxidase, ERK_1/2, glycolysis, p38 MAPK, and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study is the first to elucidate the release mechanism of <em>N. caninum</em>-induced HETs in chicken, offering significant insights into the mechanisms underlying immune innate system against <em>N. caninum</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant Cryptosporidium parvum GP15 based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of exposure of bovine populations to Cryptosporidium","authors":"Ajayta Rialch ,&nbsp;Opinder Krishen Raina ,&nbsp;Partha Sarathi Banerjee ,&nbsp;Gorakh Mal ,&nbsp;Birbal Singh ,&nbsp;Rinku Sharma ,&nbsp;Gauri Jairath ,&nbsp;Devi Gopinath ,&nbsp;Rajendra Damu Patil ,&nbsp;Savita Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Rajesh Chahota ,&nbsp;M. Sankar ,&nbsp;Rajat Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The serodiagnostic potential of recombinant <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> glycoprotein 15 (rCpGP15) was evaluated in Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the detection of exposure of bovines to <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand states of North India. The 11.13 kDa rCpGP15 was expressed in pET-32a (+) transformed <em>E. coli</em> BL21 cells and was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography as polyhistidine tagged fusion protein of ∼ 32 kDa. Its immunogenicity was checked in western blot using rabbit antisera raised to the recombinant antigen and bovine sera naturally infected with <em>Cryptosporidium</em>. Two hundred and forty-six bovines were screened for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. oocysts in faecal samples by modified-Ziehl Neelson technique and their sera were used for ELISA standardization. The rCpGP15 based indirect IgG-ELISA was standardized with 83 % sensitivity, 78.3 % specificity where ELISA cut-off and accuracy were decided using ROC curve analysis. The percent accuracy was 79.19 %, with area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve value 0.827 depicting the moderate accuracy of the assay. Additionally, sera from <em>Eimeria</em> (n = 3), strongyles (n = 3), <em>Babesia</em> (n = 2), <em>Theileria</em> (n = 5), <em>Trypanosoma</em> (n = 2) and <em>Anaplasma</em> (n = 5) positive animals showed no seroreactivity. The diagnostic performance of rCpGP15 protein in differentiating <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species was predicted through <em>in-silico</em> B cell epitope prediction, homology modelling and structural comparison of GP15 protein from <em>C. parvum, C. hominis, C. bovis</em> and <em>C. ryanae.</em> Four linear antigenic epitopes were predicted in CpGP15 protein sequence by SVMTrip. The overall root mean square deviation (RMSD) values during homology modelling and structural comparison of CpGP15 and <em>C. hominis, C. bovis</em> and partial <em>C. ryanae</em> GP15 were 2.093 Å, 3.759 Å and 1.152 Å, respectively. The serodiagnostic assay developed in the present study has moderate accuracy and can be applied in serosurveillance of large bovine populations. It is capable of detecting asymptomatic animals with intermittent oocyst shedding which will further be helpful for better understanding the disease dynamics and for the timely control of cryptosporidiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of spurious parasites identified in feces of dogs and correlation with true canine parasitism","authors":"Yoko Nagamori ,&nbsp;Zephran Warren ,&nbsp;Melissa Houma ,&nbsp;Nishantha Samarakoon","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spurious parasites are commonly found in canine feces as dogs often practice coprophagy, predation, and scavenging behaviors. Our main study objectives were to determine the prevalence and variety of spurious parasites identified in feces of client-owned dogs and a possible correlation between the prevalence of spurious and true parasites in dogs. Additionally, the prevalence of spurious parasites was statistically compared by age, sex, and reproductive status of dogs and regions. A total of 48,509 fecal examination results were retrieved from Zoetis Reference Laboratories in Louisville, Kentucky, from January 1 to December 31, 2023, and included for the study. The most frequently identified spurious parasite was <em>Eimeria</em> oocysts (4.14 %), followed by non-canine strongylid eggs (0.97 %), Anoplocephalidae eggs (0.33 %), <em>Monocystis</em> oocysts (0.27 %), free-living mites (0.13 %), avian ascarid eggs (0.12 %), free-living nematode eggs and larvae (0.08 %), <em>Adelina</em> and other spurious coccidian oocysts (0.06 %), spurious <em>Capillaria</em> eggs (0.05 %), spurious <em>Trichuris</em> eggs (0.04 %), Dipteran eggs and larvae (0.02 %), spurious lungworm larvae (0.02 %), <em>Strongyloides</em> eggs (0.01 %), <em>Toxocara cati</em> eggs (0.01 %), and <em>Syngamus</em> eggs (0.01 %). Dogs that excreted spurious parasites in feces showed a significantly higher risk for true canine parasitism (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and synchronizing monthly differences were observed between the prevalence of spurious and true parasites (<em>P</em> = 0.0022). The prevalence of spurious parasite was influenced by age, sex, and reproductive status of dogs and regions. Frequent fecal examinations are recommended for dogs that shed spurious parasites in feces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ivermectin performance against equine strongylids: Efficacy, egg reappearance periods, and fecal egg counting method comparison","authors":"Martin K. Nielsen ,&nbsp;Isabella D. Bartholdy ,&nbsp;Katja S. Kristensen ,&nbsp;Josefine C. Borrye ,&nbsp;Kirstine S.S. Meilvang ,&nbsp;Camilla E.K. Rendtorff ,&nbsp;Michelle D. Hjortflod ,&nbsp;Vibeke Fuglbjerg ,&nbsp;Malin Karlsson ,&nbsp;Henrik H. Petersen ,&nbsp;Katrine Toft ,&nbsp;Stig M. Thamsborg ,&nbsp;Tina H. Pihl","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine strongylids are ubiquitous and can cause severe health issues. Anthelmintic resistance is widely common in cyathostomin parasites, and recent studies have documented increasing incidence of resistance to the macrocyclic lactone drug class. Several European countries have implemented prescription-only restrictions of anthelmintic usage by law to reduce anthelmintic treatment intensity and decrease the selection pressure for drug resistance. However, long term outcomes of this approach have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim was to determine ivermectin efficacy in strongylids by means of faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and egg reappearance period (ERP) in Danish horses, compare two fecal egg count techniques, and determine the prevalence of <em>Strongylus vulgaris</em> in the study population. Herds and horses were selected by four collaborating veterinary practices. A total of 299 horses from 30 herds were enrolled in the study. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were determined using a concentration McMaster technique as well as an artificial intelligence-based automated fecal egg counting system. All horses with FEC &gt; 0 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were treated with ivermectin. Ivermectin efficacy and ERP were determined following current guidelines. Coproculture and PCR were employed for detection of <em>S. vulgaris</em>. FECRTs based on McMaster egg counts suggested inconclusive ivermectin efficacy in two equine operations and full efficacy in all remaining populations, whereas the automated system suggested ivermectin resistance in 6 operations and inconclusive results in another 8. Ivermectin ERP was determined to be at least 8 weeks with both methods in all cases. The prevalence of <em>S. vulgaris</em> was 2.7 % and 5.7 % with coproculture and PCR, respectively, and all samples were negative with both methods at 8 and 24 weeks post treatment. In general, ivermectin efficacy was high, although some results suggest that reduced efficacy could be occurring, which warrants further monitoring going forward. The ERP estimates all exceeded 8 weeks, which suggests that no reduction has occurred. The two egg counting techniques were in general agreement, but the automated system detected more positives at low egg count levels, which led to lower efficacy estimates in some populations. <em>Strongylus vulgaris</em> remains enzootic in Danish horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoproteomic analyses identify broadly cross-reactive sporozoite immunogens of Eimeria maxima recognized by antisera from chickens infected with E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella or E. acervulina","authors":"Haiwei Gong ,&nbsp;Haiying Deng ,&nbsp;Feng Song ,&nbsp;Tao Han ,&nbsp;Xiangqin Wang ,&nbsp;Shangyu Feng ,&nbsp;Weiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Liheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coccidiosis is a widespread, protozoan disease that continues to impose a high risk to the global poultry industry despite various control measures, including live, attenuated vaccines. To set the stage for next-generation vaccines that are broadly protective, our study aimed to identify sporozoite immunogens that are cross-reactive with hyper-immune sera against <em>Eimeria maxima</em>, <em>E. tenella</em>, <em>E. necatrix</em> and <em>E.acervulina</em>. In all, 2D electrophoresis, immunoblots and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS revealed 12 immunogenic proteins of interest, including 11 that have amino acid sequences matching those of non-redundant proteins in the NCBI database. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that these proteins are involved in protein translation, modification and degradation, signal transduction and regulation, cell structure and transport, metabolic regulation and RNA binding and processing. These findings now offer multiple feasible targets for the design of vaccine constructs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro susceptibility study of Amblyomma cohaerens and Rhipicepalus (Boophilus) decoloratus tick species to amitraz 12.5 % and diazinon 60 % acaricides in Jimma town, Ethiopia","authors":"Tamene Lemma ,&nbsp;Eba Alemayehu Simma ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Rufael ,&nbsp;Sileshi Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Delenasaw Yewhalaw","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study was conducted to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> efficacy of amitraz 12.5 % and diazinon 60 % against <em>Amblyomma cohaerens</em> and <em>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus</em>, and also to assess acaricide resistance using the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) in Jimma town, Oromia region, southwest Ethiopia. A total of 180 engorged adult female ticks of the two species (90 <em>A. cohaerens</em> and 90 <em>R. decoloratus</em>) were collected from local and crossbred cattle managed under extensive and semi-intensive systems. The ticks were immersed in amitraz 12.5 % and diazinon 60 % at field-recommended concentrations, and in distilled water for the control groups, for two minutes. Afterward, they were placed in an incubator at 27°C and 85 % RH for seven days. The oviposition responses of <em>A</em>. <em>cohaerens</em> and <em>R. decoloratus</em> were monitored regularly. The efficacy of each acaricide was assessed by comparing the mean egg mass laid by treated and untreated tick groups. The study results showed that ticks treated with amitraz 12.5 % died and did not lay eggs, while some ticks treated with diazinon 60 % survived and laid eggs after a seven-day incubation period. There was a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) between the two acaricides in controlling egg-laying in both species of ticks. The ticks in the control group that were treated with water survived and laid eggs. Amitraz 12.5 % at the field-recommended concentration achieved 100 % control, whereas diazinon 60 % achieved 91.3 % control. The study shows that both amitraz 12.5 % and diazinon 60 % significantly reduced egg laying in <em>A. cohaerens</em> and <em>R. decoloratus</em> ticks. The results also demonstrate that amitraz 12.5 % is more effective in controlling ticks and that there is a sign of emerging resistance of ticks to diazinon 60 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro, field, and in vivo trials of Metarhizium anisopliae isolate IBCB425 against Haemonchus contortus","authors":"P.H. Selbmann Sampaio ,&nbsp;B.G. Santos ,&nbsp;R. Giglioti ,&nbsp;L.M. Katiki ,&nbsp;L. Gerdes ,&nbsp;W.T. de Mattos ,&nbsp;H. Louvandini ,&nbsp;E.H. Birgel Junior ,&nbsp;S.B. Gallo ,&nbsp;M. Takahashi ,&nbsp;G. Micai ,&nbsp;J.E.M. de Almeida ,&nbsp;R. Martins Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> IBCB425 was tested against <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> in several trials. Coprocultures containing approximately 10,000 <em>H. contortus</em> eggs were inoculated with 10⁵, 10⁶, 10⁷, 10⁸, and 10⁹ conidia and a control. After ten days at room temperature, larvae were recovered, counted, and checked for motility. Treatment with 10⁸ and 10⁹ conidia reduced larval recovery, and all concentrations diminished motility compared with the control (p &lt; 0.05). Subsequently, parcels demarcated on an animal-free paddock were artificially contaminated with 80,000 <em>H. contortus</em> eggs and were sprayed twenty days later with 10⁹, 10¹⁰, and 10¹¹ conidia/m² and a control. After thirty days, grass samples were collected to recover larvae and analyze dry matter (DM). Spraying with 10¹¹ conidia/m² reduced motility compared with the control (p &lt; 0.05). Later, two parcels were demarcated on a naturally infected paddock grazed by mixed-breed sheep. One parcel was sprayed with 2 × 10¹³ conidia/ha, and the other served as control. Treatment was applied five times at 30 – 45 days intervals, from May to October. Before spraying, grass samples were collected to recover nematodes and calculate DM. No treatment-related effects were observed. Then, these parcels were fenced, and tracer groups, blocked according to age, sex, and fecal egg count (FEC), were allocated to each parcel and grazed for 35 days when males were slaughtered. No effects were detected on FECs and abomasal worm burdens. Coprocultures from both groups yielded moldy larvae, which might indicate gut survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of coproantigen testing in screening populations","authors":"K. Wade Burton,&nbsp;Helen Michael,&nbsp;Corie Drake","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detection of intestinal parasites is essential for veterinarians to assess risk of parasite infections. Traditionally, detection of intestinal parasites has relied primarily on detection of ova with fecal flotation methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of a commercially available coproantigen immunoassay detecting roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, <em>Dipylidium caninum</em>, <em>Giardia</em> and <em>Cystoisospora</em> spp<em>.</em> for detecting GI parasite infections in dogs and cats. The study evaluated test positivity of coproantigen and centrifugal fecal flotation and how often fecal flotation results would lead to clinical management changes compared to the result on coproantigen.</div><div>Results for 898,299 samples submitted to a commercial reference laboratory (IDEXX Laboratories) over the three-month period from March 6, 2024, through June 6, 2024, with paired results for coproantigen immunoassay and centrifugal fecal flotation (O&amp;P) were used for analysis. 83.7 % of samples were negative by both coproantigen and O&amp;P. 6.1 % were positive on both methods and would result in the same treatment indicated. An additional 9.4 % of samples had a positive coproantigen result indicating a need for treatment but had no parasite detected by O&amp;P. Finally, when samples with evidence of coprophagy are excluded, only 0.6 % of samples had a positive O&amp;P result but were negative for all coproantigens. Coproantigen was more effective at identifying dogs and cats where antiparasitic management was needed than O&amp;P. The results of this study support the use of coproantigen immunoassay testing as a highly accurate and effective screening method for intestinal parasitism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid point-of-need blood fluke detection in Southern Bluefin Tuna samples using recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral flow test (RPA-LF)","authors":"Cecilia Power ,&nbsp;Melissa J. Carabott ,&nbsp;Luke Norbury ,&nbsp;Kirsten Rough ,&nbsp;Barbara F. Nowak ,&nbsp;Nathan J. Bott","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aporocotylid blood flukes <em>Cardicola forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis</em> are considered one of the most significant health concerns for Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) <em>Thunnus maccoyii</em> ranched in Australia. There is a need for rapid point-of-need diagnostics to detect <em>Cardicola</em> spp. in SBT to allow the industry to make timely management decisions. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal technique which operates at constant low temperature (25–42˚C), and when coupled with a lateral flow (LF) strip, makes an ideal diagnostic tool for rapid, specific, and sensitive identification of pathogens in field applications. RPA-LF assays were designed and validated for detection of <em>C. forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis</em>. For each assay, no cross-species amplification was seen and detection as low as 30–50 gene copy equivalents was achieved. Reactions can be completed in 10 minutes. Similar specificity and sensitivity were demonstrated for SBT samples when compared to qPCR analysis, and use of equipment-free incubation using body heat outside of laboratory settings was demonstrated. By developing rapid, ready-to-use diagnostics, the SBT industry can identify risks relating to blood flukes far quicker than is currently possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"336 ","pages":"Article 110457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}