Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Haemonchus contortus alters distribution and utilization of protein and amino acids in different tissues of host sheep","authors":"Hai Xiang ,&nbsp;Bao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Fang ,&nbsp;Linshu Jiang ,&nbsp;Rongzhen Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective was to determine host animal protein/amino acid redistribution and use among the abomasum, duodenum and muscle of sheep infected with <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>. Sixteen male Ujumqin sheep (32.4 ± 3.9 kg) were dewormed and randomly assigned to two groups, infected or not infected with <em>H. contortus</em> (GIN and CON). The GIN group had lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain, and live body weight than CON, with extensive focal infiltration of lymphocytes in the lamina propria and bottom of the abomasal epithelium. In the abomasum and duodenum, there were 100 and 220 genes, respectively, that were up-regulated, whereas 56 and 149 were down-regulated. In the abomasum, the most enriched KEGG pathways were related to immunity and inflammation reaction, including: viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor (<em>P</em> = 0.017), influenza A (<em>P</em> = 0.030), IL-17 signaling pathway (<em>P</em> = 0.030). In the duodenum, KEGG pathways were more enriched in nutrient metabolism, including pancreatic secretion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), protein digestion and absorption (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), graft-versus-host disease (<em>P</em> = 0.004). Furthermore, most genes related with the above KEGG pathways were increased in the abomasum but decreased in the duodenum. Amino acid profiles in abomasum and duodenum of CON and GIN groups were clustered in a partial least-squares discriminant analysis model, with significant changes in 36 and 19 metabolites in abomasal and duodenal chyme, respectively. Further confirmed by transcriptome-targeted metabolome association analysis, GIN mainly enhanced metabolism of arginine and sulphur amino acids in abomasum and those metabolic pathways were associated. Meanwhile, GIN mainly decreased pyruvate related amino acid metabolism in duodenum. Moreover, concentrations of Arg (<em>P</em> = 0.036), His (<em>P</em> = 0.027), and Cys (<em>P</em> = 0.046) in longissimus thoracis et lumborum were decreased in GIN, whereas concentrations of Gly (<em>P</em> = 0.012) and Ala (<em>P</em> = 0.046) were increased. In conclusion, <em>H. contortus</em> enhanced metabolism of arginine and sulphur amino acids in the abomasum; decreased pyruvate metabolism in the duodenum; and drove more protein/amino acids for abomasal tissues to resist physical and immune damage, reducing protein and amino acids in duodenum and muscle for support host growth. Specific nutrients (such like arginine, histidine, and cysteine) may play important role in control gastrointestinal nematode infection for ruminant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute phase response and oxidative stress in coccidiosis: A review in domestic animals","authors":"Seyed Mostafa Razavi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sajjad Soltan ,&nbsp;Kiarash Abbasian ,&nbsp;Ali Karami ,&nbsp;Saeed Nazifi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coccidiosis is a highly significant disease in domestic animals due to its global distribution and economic impact. The occurrence of oxidative stress (OS) and the acute phase response (APR) play crucial roles in the development of coccidiosis, thereby contributing to the pathogenicity of coccidia. A range of triggers including parasitic infection, can induce the APR. This response encompasses a set of hormonal and metabolic changes to restore body stability and improve the body's healing capabilities. Ovine coccidiosis has the potential to cause OS, which can be prevented and treated through the use of dietary additives. By including <em>Curcuma longa</em> in the diets of infected sheep, it is possible to reduce lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) production, while simultaneously improving serum antioxidant capacity and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. Caprine coccidiosis can activate the APR. Research indicated that goats suffering from coccidiosis exhibited elevated concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total homocysteine, along with reduced levels of some enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as decreased levels of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), vitamin C, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Bovine coccidiosis is linked to elevated MDA concentrations and reduced serum glutathione (GSH) and TAC levels. <em>Eimeria</em> can induce OS and inflammatory damage in infected birds by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators from cells, resulting in a significant increase in CAT and SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and damage to the intestinal epithelium. To promote the antioxidant system of infected birds, some herbal food additives such as grape seed proanthocyanidine extract, <em>Curcuma longa</em> and <em>Rumex nervosus</em> leaf extract, can be used. Research on the APR in birds is not as extensive as in ruminants. Currently, there is a lack of studies on the occurrence of OS and APR in camels, horses, dogs, and cats with coccidiosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neospora caninum is not transmissible via embryo transfer, but affects the quality of embryos in dairy cows","authors":"Gustavo Fernandes Grillo ,&nbsp;Samuel Rodrigues Bonamichi Couto ,&nbsp;Yuri Barbosa Guerson ,&nbsp;Joaquim Esquerdo Ferreira ,&nbsp;Edwards Frazão Teixeira ,&nbsp;Andressa Ferreira Silva ,&nbsp;Helcimar Barbosa Palhano ,&nbsp;Marco Roberto Bourg Mello","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate embryo transfer in cattle as a pathway of transmitting neosporosis and to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the embryo production from seropositive and seronegative donors. Superovulatory treatments were performed on eight Girolando donors (four seropositive and four seronegative for <em>N. caninum)</em>, resulting in the recovery of ninety-one structures (embryos and non-fertilized structures). Embryos collected and classified as viable were transferred to seronegative recipients and analyzed by PCR to identify <em>N. caninum</em>. No difference was observed in the number of structures collected from seropositive and seronegative donors (40 and 51; P = 0.64). There was a significant difference in the percentages of freezable (25 % and 74 %, P = 0.04) and transferable (27.5 % and 78.4 %, P = 0.003) embryos. The recipients had similar pregnancy rates (60 % and 57.1 %, P = 0.97) and pregnancy loss (50 % and 43.8 %, P = 0.58). There was no change in the serological status of the recipients, and no protozoan DNA was identified in none of the samples. It was concluded that the embryo transfer technique is safe regarding the transmission of neosporosis; however, the quality of embryo production was compromised from donors seropositive for <em>N. caninum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of acaricidal activity of eugenol and benzaldehyde against Rhipicephalus annulatus","authors":"Subramaniam Kathiravan ,&nbsp;Srikanth Immadi ,&nbsp;Prashant Somalingappa Kurbet ,&nbsp;Sirajudeen Alimudeen ,&nbsp;Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar ,&nbsp;Anju Varghese ,&nbsp;Chundayil Kalarikkal Deepa ,&nbsp;Sanis Juliet ,&nbsp;Reghu Ravindran","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Economic importance of ticks for both humans and animals is significant primarily because of their involvement in disease transmission. The continuous use of synthetic chemical acaricides on animals and/or in the environment has resulted in the emergence of resistant tick populations. Consequently, there is a compelling need to explore newer natural alternatives that can address their adverse effects effectively. Since, there are no earlier reported studies on the acaricidal activity of eugenol and benzaldehyde against <em>Rhipicephalus annulatus</em>, the present study compared the in vitro adulticidal and larvicidal activities of these phytochemicals against <em>R. annulatus</em>. Concentration-dependent mortality and inhibition of fecundity were observed in the adult female ticks treated with both eugenol and benzaldehyde. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of eugenol against <em>R. annulatus</em> were 162.33 and 467.74 mg/mL for adult female, while it was 1.26 and 1.73 mg/mL for larvae respectively. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of benzaldehyde against <em>R. annulatus</em> were 178 and 395 mg/mL for adult female and 0.69 and 4.32 mg/mL for larvae respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of cordycepin against Neospora caninum infection in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Rongsheng Huang ,&nbsp;Xi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuqian Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Qian ,&nbsp;Jing Huang ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Kairao Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengtao Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengkai Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Neospora caninum</em> (<em>N. caninum</em>) is an obligate intracellular Apicomplexa parasite that causes abortions in dairy cows and incurs substantial to significant economic losses in the global dairy farming industry. Cordycepin, a nucleoside antibiotic derived from Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaries, exhibits diverse biological activities. However, it remains unclear whether cordycepin possesses inhibitory effects against <em>N. caninum</em> infection. Therefore, this study aimed to establish both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> models of <em>N. caninum</em> to investigate the potential impact of cordycepin against <em>N. caninum</em> infection. We successfully established an <em>in vitro</em> model of <em>N. caninum</em> infection in RAW264.7 cells, followed by qRT- PCR analysis to detect the content of <em>N. caninum</em> DNA within the cells. The effects of cordycepin on <em>N. caninum</em> was observed using the Giemsa method on RAW264.7, and the rate of cell infection was calculated. Cordycepin exhibited inhibitory effects on <em>N. caninum</em> tachyzoites <em>in vitro</em>, preserving cellular integrity and reducing the rate of cell infection. In mice, we established an <em>in vivo</em> model of <em>N. caninum</em> infection and detected <em>N. caninum</em> presence in tissues using. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Histopathological changes were observed through Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Liver function was assessed by using glutamic acid aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST) kits. Oxidative stress status was measured using catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) kits. Compared with the model group, mice treated with cordycepin showed reduced clinical symptoms, increased food intake, and their body weight (P=0.0143, P=0.0068) was significantly higher than those in the model group. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment significantly alleviated hepatic cord disorders, hepatocellular swelling, detachment, and vacuolization; duodenal epithelial detachment and shortening of villi caused by <em>N. caninum</em> infection. Cordycepin administration reduced the increase in ALT (P=0.01, P=0.008) and AST (P&lt;0.001) levels caused by <em>N. caninum</em> infection, while ameliorating hepatocyte swelling, necrosis, and detachment as well as inflammatory cell infiltration within mice liver; it also led to shortened or even disappeared duodenal villi along with and oedema of the submucosa. Analysis of oxidative stress showed that cordycepin ameliorated the damage caused by <em>N. caninum</em> by reducing MDA (P=0.03, P=0.02, P=0.005) and increasing CAT (P=0.004, P&lt;0.001) and GSH (P=0.004, P&lt;0.001) levels. In conclusion, this study reports for the first time on cordycepin’s efficacy against <em>N. caninum</em> infection providing a potential candidate drug for neosporosis treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of management factors influencing Anaplasma marginale transmission","authors":"Nicolás Morel ,&nbsp;Mariano Mastropaolo ,&nbsp;Susana Torioni de Echaide ,&nbsp;Marcelo L. Signorini ,&nbsp;Atilio J. Mangold ,&nbsp;Maria E. Primo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to identify factors that play a key role in the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis by adapting a model primarily developed for cattle babesiosis. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to study the proportion of calf herds in endemic stability/instability for <em>A. marginale</em> in a semi-arid area of Argentina<em>.</em> The <em>A. marginale</em> inoculation rate (<em>h</em>) was calculated from age-specific seroprevalence using double-antigen sandwich ELISA in 58 herds of 4.5–8.5-month–old calves. Herds were considered to be in endemic instability (EI) at h &lt; 0.005 and, therefore, at risk of anaplasmosis outbreaks. A generalized linear model was performed to explore husbandry practices associated with differences in <em>A. marginale</em> transmission. Additionally, spatial clustering of herds with the same immunological status was analyzed using spatial scan statistics (SatScan, Bernoulli model). Spearman's correlation was used to explore a possible association between <em>A. marginale h</em> and <em>Babesia bovis</em> and <em>B. bigemina h</em> (data obtained in previous works). Almost half (43 %) of the herds were in the EI zone for <em>A. marginale</em>. Calves raised under forage combinations had a greater risk of being in EI (OR = 5.41, CI95 %OR = 1.43–20.41) than those reared exclusively on permanent pastures, where cattle density is higher (<em>P</em> = 0.01). Moreover, calves from herds treated only with pyrethroids to control ticks had more chances of being in EI (OR = 4.16, CI95 %OR = 1.12–15.38) than calves from herds receiving different acaricide combinations (<em>P</em> = 0.03). Calves from herds subjected to more than two treatments against <em>Haematobia irritans</em> had higher odds for EI (OR = 5.69, CI95 %OR = 1.24–26.11) than those from herds using fewer than two treatments (<em>P</em> = 0.02). The spatial analysis revealed no spatial clustering of the immune status of the herds (<em>P</em> = 0.67 and <em>P</em> = 0.74 for low and high incidence rates, respectively). A significant variation between farms was observed in <em>A. marginale h</em> (CV = 90.38 %). The correlation analysis revealed a strong epidemiological link of <em>A. marginale h</em> with <em>B. bovis h</em> (Rho=0.794, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and <em>B. bigemina h</em> (Rho=0.839, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). Given that <em>R. microplus</em> is the only vector of <em>B. bovis</em> and <em>B. bigemina</em> in the region, the results of this work strongly suggest an active and significant role of <em>R. microplus</em> in the transmission of <em>A. marginale</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acaricide effect of plants from the Brazilian savanna on a population of Rhipicephalus microplus with phenotypic resistance to cypermethrin and trichlorfon","authors":"Maykelin Fuentes Zaldivar ,&nbsp;Eduardo Bastianetto ,&nbsp;Adalberto Alves Pereira Filho ,&nbsp;Daniel Sobreira Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Valdo Soares Martins Júnior ,&nbsp;Francielle Morais-Costa ,&nbsp;Viviane Oliveira Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Eduardo Robson Duarte ,&nbsp;Ricardo Nascimento Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em> is among the most important ectoparasites for livestock. The use of synthetic acaricides has raised some concerns due to the selection of tick populations that are resistant to acaricides and environmental contamination. Therefore, plant extracts have been used as alternatives for the treatment of animals infested with ticks. In this study, <em>R. microplus</em> populations from seven different dairy farms were collected and assessed for their resistance to the acaricides cypermethrin or trichlorfon. Larvae of the most resistant population were used in assays to evaluate the acaricide effect of leaf extracts from plants of the Brazilian savanna. The most active extracts were also tested against fully engorged females. Among seven tick populations, five and three showed resistance level ≥ III for cypermethrin or trichlorfon, respectively. The most resistant tick population was evaluated in mortality assays with the plants <em>Piptadenia viridiflora</em>, <em>Annona crassiflora</em>, <em>Caryocar brasiliense</em>, <em>Ximenia americana</em>, and <em>Schinopsis brasilienses</em>. The ethanolic extracts of <em>C. brasiliense</em>, <em>X. americana</em> and <em>S. brasilienses</em> showed higher larvicidal effects in comparison to the other extracts and cypermethrin. The ethanolic extract of <em>X. americana</em> showed 60.79 % efficacy against fully engorged females of the acaricide resistant tick strain. The ethanolic extracts of <em>C. brasiliense</em>, <em>X. americana,</em> and <em>S. brasilienses</em> showed peaks in HPLC-DAD, indicating the presence of tannins and flavonoids. Three of the plants showed promising results and should be explored in further studies to develop novel tools to control <em>R. microplus</em> in cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging therapeutic avenues against Cryptosporidium: A comprehensive review","authors":"Munwar Ali ,&nbsp;Chang Xu ,&nbsp;Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar ,&nbsp;Kun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cryptosporidium</em> is among the top causes of life-threatening diarrheal infection in public health and livestock sectors. Despite its high prevalence and economic importance, currently, there is no vaccine. Control of this protozoan is difficult due to the excretion of many resistant oocysts in the feces of the infected host, which contaminate the environment. Paromomycin shows inconsistent results and isn’t considered a reliable therapy for cryptosporidiosis. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), the only FDA-approved drug against this parasite, is less productive in impoverished children and PLWHA (people living with HIV/AIDS). The absence of mitochondria and apicoplast, its unique location inside enterocytes separated by parasitophorous vacuole, and, most importantly, challenges in its genetic manipulations are some hurdles to the drug-discovery process. A library of compounds has been tested against <em>Cryptosporidium</em> during <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> trials. However, there has still not been sufficient success in finding the drug of choice against this parasite. Recent genome editing technologies based on CRISPR/Cas-9 have explored the functions of the vital genes by producing transgenic parasites that help to screen a collection of compounds to find target-specific drugs, provided the sufficient availability of <em>in vitro</em> culturing platforms, efficient transfection methods, and analytic techniques. The use of herbal remedies against <em>Cryptosporidium</em> is also an emerging area of interest with sufficient clinical success due to enhanced concern regarding anthelmintic resistance. Here, we highlighted present treatment options with their associated limitations, the use of genetic tools and natural products against it to find safe, effective, and inexpensive drugs to control the ever-increasing global burden of this disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual number of generations and biology of non-parasitic phase of Rhipicephalus microplus in irrigated and non-irrigated pasture in a tropical region","authors":"Lídia Mendes de Aquino ,&nbsp;Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais ,&nbsp;Vanessa Ferreira Salvador ,&nbsp;Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade ,&nbsp;Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal ,&nbsp;Lainny Jordana Martins Pereira e Sousa ,&nbsp;Francisca Letícia Vale ,&nbsp;Dina Maria Beltran Zapa ,&nbsp;Lorena Lopes Ferreira ,&nbsp;Vando Edesio Soares ,&nbsp;Breno Cayeiro Cruz ,&nbsp;Fernando de Almeida Borges ,&nbsp;Caio Marcio de Oliveira Monteiro ,&nbsp;Livio Martins Costa-Junior ,&nbsp;Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to verify the number of <em>R. microplus</em> annual generations in irrigated and non-irrigated pastures compared to the constant ideal environment. It also sought to evaluate the biology of the non-parasitic phase of this tick for each generation in these different areas of pasture; assess the larvae population dynamics in the pasture of each tick generation, and evaluate the <em>R. microplus</em> population dynamics parasitizing cattle in non-irrigated pasture. In the field experiment, two sub-areas were subjected to artificial irrigation (IRRI-A and IRRI-B) with artesian water, while the other two remained non-irrigated (NIRRI-A and NIRRIG-B). When more than 75 % of the total surviving engorged females from all 90 repetitions of each area (irrigated or non-irrigated) produced mature larvae within one tick generation, two cattle were infested with approximately 10,000 <em>R. microplus</em> larvae from the tick colony used in this study. On the 22nd day post-infestation, a new tick generation was started by releasing these females in different areas (IRRI-B and NIRRIG-B). This procedure was repeated successively, and each year was analyzed independently. In both the non-irrigated and irrigated areas, there were five generations of <em>R. microplus</em> per year. It can be observed that there the number of annual generations of ticks in this region has increased when compared to 30 years ago. Under the constant ideal temperature and humidity conditions (B.O.D. chamber), <em>R. microplus</em> completed an average of 6.59 generations. In the environment, the longest generation was the first (July to October), while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th (December to March) were the most similar to B.O.D. conditions. Although the number of generations was the same in the different areas, the population density of <em>R. microplus</em> larvae was higher in the irrigated area, probably because the irrigation provided milder temperatures, higher relative humidity and lower saturation deficit values during about eight hours per day. Between the 3rd and 5th generation of ticks, there was an overlap of larvae in the pastures, belonging to different generations, and at each peak of infestation observed in cattle between these generations, there were up to 30 % of larvae from the previous generation, and consequently up to 70 % of larvae from the new generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro anthelmintic activity and colocalization analysis of hydroxycinnamic acids obtained from Chamaecrista nictitans against two Haemonchus contortus isolates","authors":"Jorge A. Cortes-Morales ,&nbsp;David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ,&nbsp;María de Jesús Perea-Flores ,&nbsp;Manases González-Cortazar ,&nbsp;Daniel Tapia-Maruri ,&nbsp;María Eugenia López-Arellano ,&nbsp;Juan M. Rivas-González ,&nbsp;Alejandro Zamilpa ,&nbsp;Agustín Olmedo-Juárez","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assessed the i<em>n vitro</em> anthelmintic activity of ethyl acetate extract (Cn-EtOAc) and its bioactive fractions (CnR3 and CnR5) obtained from <em>Chamaecrista nictitans</em> aerial parts against two <em>Haemonchus contortus (Hc)</em> isolates, one resistant (strain <em>Hc</em>IVM-R) and another susceptible (strain <em>Hc</em>IVM-S) to ivermectin. Ferulic acid and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid were identified in the bioactive fractions; therefore, their commercial standards were also assessed. A colocalization analysis between the ferulic acid commercial standard and eggs of the <em>Hc</em>IVM-R strain was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the ImageJ program. The ovicidal effects of the Cn-EtOAc extract, bioactive fractions and commercial compounds were tested through the egg hatching inhibition (EHI) assay on <em>H. contortus</em> isolates <em>Hc</em>IVM-R and <em>Hc</em>IVM-S. The Cn-EtOAc caused 88 % and 92 % EHI at 5000 µg/mL on <em>Hc</em>IVM-R and <em>Hc</em>IVM-S, respectively. Fractions CnR3 and CnR5 displayed the highest ovicidal activity against <em>Hc</em>IVM-S, with effective concentrations (EC₉₀) of 2134 and 601 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the commercial standards ferulic acid and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid also resulted in higher effectiveness on the same strain, with EC₉₀ of 57.5 and 51.1 µg/mL. A colocalization analysis of ferulic acid and eggs of <em>Hc</em>IVM-R revealed that this compound is localized to the cuticle surface of the embryo inside the egg parasite. The results demonstrated that both ferulic and <em>p</em>-coumaric acids interrupt the egg-hatching processes of the two <em>Hc</em> isolates. Both phenolic acids isolated from <em>C. nictitans</em> and commercial standards exhibited the best anthelmintic effect on <em>Hc</em>IVM-S. These findings indicate that the phenolic acids were less effective in egg hatch inhibiting on the <em>Hc</em>IVM-R strain compared to the <em>Hc</em>IVM-S strain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}