Water SA最新文献

{"title":"Microplastics Meet Metoprolol in Natural Water: Sorption Behavior and Mechanism","authors":"Tao Peng, Zhuo Yang, Danni Chen, Hongyu Cao, Yuehua Deng, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.3390/w16223278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223278","url":null,"abstract":"As an ideal carrier for the spread of pollutants in the aquatic environment, microplastics (MPs) can adsorb pharmaceutical β-blockers, which can affect their migration and lead to some unpredictable adverse consequences. In this paper, the sorption behaviors and mechanism of MPs (polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP)) for typical β-blocker metoprolol (MTL) were investigated. The effects of pH, salinity and humic acids (HAs) on the sorption were studied, which proved that the sorption behavior was different under different environmental conditions. Both low pH and high salinity inhibited the sorption of MTL by the MPs. Specifically, the sorption capacity of MTL increased, with pH increase from 3 to 10. When pH = 10, the sorption capacities of MTL on PVC (1.75 mg/g) and PP (3.34 mg/g) reached the maximum. After pH > 10, the amount of MTL adsorbed on PVC was slightly decreased, while that on PP was essentially the same. The addition of salt ions inhibited the sorption in the concentration range of 5–250 mg/g for both NaCl and CaCl2, with the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ being stronger than that of Na+. Moreover, the presence of HAs promoted the sorption of MPs for MTL. In the absence of HAs, the sorption capacities of PP and PVC for MTL were 0.34 mg/g and 0.79 mg/g, respectively. When HA concentration was 100 mg/L, the highest sorption capacities of PP and PVC reached 0.79 mg/g and 1.37 mg/g, respectively. This indicated that the promoting effect of HAs on PP was stronger than that on PVC. In general, based on the study of the sorption behavior of MTL and the characterization of the MPs, the sorption mechanism was speculated to consist mainly of electrostatic interactions, cation exchange, hydrophobic interaction and halogen bonding. The sorption kinetics of MTL on the two MPs were well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.99. The sorption isotherms both fitted the Freundlich model, which substantiated that the sorption of MTL on the MPs (PVC and PP) was multilayered and heterogeneous. Collectively, these findings provided a theoretical basis for revealing the complex interactions between MPs and MTL in natural water and a new insight into the fate and migration of MPs and β-blockers in the environment.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 22","pages":"3278-3278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/22/3278/pdf?version=1731641191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation During Supercritical Water Gasification of Sewage Sludge by H2O2 Combined with Catalyst","authors":"Xu Qiao, Fenfen Yan, Yujie Fan, Miao Gong","doi":"10.3390/w16223235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223235","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluated the alterations in the levels and types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within both liquid and solid products throughout the process of the catalytic supercritical water gasification of dewatered sewage sludge to examine the catalytic effect of various catalysts and the inhibit reaction pathways. The addition of Ni, NaOH, Na2CO3, H2O2, and KMnO4 reduced the concentrations of PAHs, with Ni and H2O2 showing the best performance. The concentrations of PAHs, especially higher-molecular-weight compounds in the residues, decreased sharply as the H2O2 amount increased. At a 10 wt% H2O2 addition, the levels of PAHs in the liquid and solid products were reduced by 91% and 88%, respectively. High-ring PAHs were not detected in the residues as the H2O2 amount increased to an 8 wt%. H2O2 addition evidently inhibits PAH formation by promoting the ring-opening reactions of initial aromatic compounds in raw sludge and inhibiting the polymerization of open-chain intermediate products. The addition of NaOH + H2O2 or Ni + H2O2 as combined catalysts significantly lowered PAH concentrations while increasing the H2 yield. The addition of 5 wt% Ni + H2O2 reduced PAH concentrations in the liquid and solid residues by 70% and 44%, respectively, while the H2 yield escalated from 0.13 mol/kg OM to 3.88 mol/kg OM. Possible mechanisms associated with the reaction pathways of these combined catalysts are proposed.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 22","pages":"3235-3235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/22/3235/pdf?version=1731301931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zirconium-Modified Attapulgite Composite for Phosphorus Removal and Algae Control in Lake Water","authors":"Chun-Yan Lin, Wenliang Wu, Wenya Shao","doi":"10.3390/w16223233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223233","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus removal is critical for effective water treatment and the prevention of eutrophication. This study focuses on the modification of attapulgite, an economical clay material, with zirconium (Zr@ATP) to enhance its phosphorus adsorption capacity. Zr@ATP was comprehensively characterized, and its phosphorus-removal mechanisms were investigated. Additionally, its performance in water treatment was evaluated using a lake water-sediment system. Zr@ATP exhibited a high surface area of 329.29 m2/g. The static adsorption experiments revealed that Zr@ATP achieved a phosphorus-removal efficiency of 95.8% at an adsorbent dosage of 5 g/L. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, with the primary mechanism being chemisorption via ion exchange. Application of Zr@ATP in a lake water-sediment system resulted in an 83.6% reduction in total phosphorus. The chlorophyll concentration significantly decreased from 32.33 μg/L to 8.56 μg/L, and the algal density decreased by 84.6%, effectively inhibiting algal growth. These results suggest that Zr@ATP is a promising adsorbent for sustainable phosphorus removal and eutrophication control in aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 22","pages":"3233-3233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/22/3233/pdf?version=1731237222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Environmental Factors and Epiphytic Bacteria on Arsenic Accumulation and Biotransformation in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle","authors":"Yuan Zhao, Zhuo Zhen, Changzhou Yan","doi":"10.3390/w16223222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223222","url":null,"abstract":"Submerged aquatic plants have potential applications in the phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated with arsenic (As). However, the role of epiphytic bacteria that grow on the surface of plants in As uptake and metabolism in plants has often been overlooked. An orthogonal experimental design with nine treatments, four factors, and three levels was conducted to inspect the effects of nitrogen (N, KNO3, 2, 4, 10 mg/L), phosphorus (P, NaH2PO4·2H2O, 0.02, 0.2, 1 mg/L), pH (6, 7, 9), and arsenate (As(V), Na3AsO4·12H2O, 15, 75, 375 μg/L) on As accumulation and biotransformation in sterilized plants and to further explore the role of epiphytic bacteria in the metabolism of As by Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. The results indicate that low N, intermediate P, and intermediate pH were beneficial for As accumulation (117.2 ± 62.2 μg/g DW) in sterilized plants, and epiphytic bacteria exhibited promotion (68%) in plants. High N promoted As absorption and transformation in non-sterilized plants but reduced As absorption in sterilized plants. Epiphytic bacteria in the medium showed significant As(III) oxidation, which was affected by environmental factors. These findings can promote remediation efficiency by regulating environmental factors for the phytoremediation of As-contaminated waters.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 22","pages":"3222-3222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/22/3222/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlooked Risk of Microplastic from Kitchen Waste Short Stacking Phase","authors":"Jialu Qian, Fanping Zhou, Dongsheng Shen, Jiali Shentu, Lu Li, Shengqi Qi, Min Zhu, Yuyang Long","doi":"10.3390/w16223190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223190","url":null,"abstract":"Current research on microplastics (MPs) in kitchen waste primarily focuses on their end-of-life disposal processes, neglecting the rapid decomposition phase prior to disposal. This study investigated MPs’ instantaneous release during a 20 h kitchen waste stacking process. The results revealed significant temperature-dependent release, with up to 96.1% entering the liquid phase and 5768 items/kg released and with an average of 85.7% of the MPs transferring into the entrapped water released from the tiny tissue structures and membranes. These MPs were primarily in small sizes (4–400 μm) as particles and fragments. Hydrolysis acidification primarily influences MPs’ release, with temperature and stacking time as intermediate factors. Acetic acid drives MPs’ release, contributing up to 38.5%. High temperatures accelerate organic matter dissolution and MP migration, while low temperatures slow down the release of MPs. The findings confirmed MPs’ release risks during kitchen waste stacking and contributed to optimize kitchen waste management to control MP pollution at its source.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 22","pages":"3190-3190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147881221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption Removal of Organophosphates from Water by Steel Slag: Modification, Performance, and Energy Site Analysis","authors":"Wei Wu, Yiming Nie, Zhixin Wang, Tianyin Huang, Xiaoyi Xu, Hanhan Liu, Pei‐Rong Li, Bingdang Wu","doi":"10.3390/w16213145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16213145","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphates are a type of emerging environmental contaminant, which can be removed effectively by adsorption. Here, modified steel slag was examined for its adsorptive performance in the removal of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) from water. Compared to acid (55.3%, maximum removal rate) and base (85.5%) modification, high-temperature modification (90.6%) significantly enhanced steel slag’s adsorption capacity for HEDP, surpassing that of unmodified slag (71.2%). Kinetic analyses elucidated a two-phase adsorption process—initial rapid adsorption followed by a slower equilibrium phase. The results of adsorption energy analysis showed that modified steel slag preferentially occupied the sites with higher energy, which promoted the adsorption. After five regeneration cycles, the adsorption properties of the material were not significantly reduced, which indicates that the material has good application potential. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, including SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS, were employed to uncover the surface chemistry and structural changes responsible for the enhanced adsorption efficiency. The adsorption mechanism of HEDP on steel slag is a complete process guided by hydrogen bonding interactions, strengthened surface complexation, and optimized ligand exchange. This study advances the sustainable utilization of industrial waste materials and contributes significantly to the development of innovative water treatment technologies.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 21","pages":"3145-3145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spatial Variation in Organotin Contamination in Different Environmental Media: A Case of the Lower Yangtze River in China","authors":"Jinnuo Sun, Ya Yang, Suyu Fan, Rui Wang, Qinghui Huang","doi":"10.3390/w16213126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16213126","url":null,"abstract":"With the global ban on tributyltin (TBT), the pollution of triphenyltin (TPhT) is an emerging issue in some aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of typical butyltin and phenyltin compounds in the surface water and sediments in the lower Yangtze River, analyzed their occurrence and sources, and assessed their ecological risks. The findings indicate that butyltin and phenyltin compounds are widespread. The total concentration of organotin compounds in surface water was as high as 42.41 ng Sn/L, with an average of 25.71 ng Sn/L, and the total concentration of organotins in sediments reached up to 111.5 ng Sn/g dw, averaging 61.1 ng Sn/g dw. Since the implementation of the AFS Convention, the concentration of organotins in surface water has been significantly reduced. However, the ecological risk of TBT is still high, and the risk of TPhT is also noteworthy. The findings also suggest that the primary source of butyltins in the lower Yangtze River is historical input residues. In contrast, the main source of PhTs is the recent input of agricultural runoff. Therefore, organotin contamination in the lower Yangtze River has changed, but its governance still presents challenges.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 21","pages":"3126-3126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/21/3126/pdf?version=1730454369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147882820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Activated Peroxydisulfate and Peroxymonosulfate for Acid Orange II Degradation: Different Activation Mechanisms and Influencing Factors","authors":"Zheng Zhang, Libin Zhao, Jingyuan Tian, Shaojie Ren, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.3390/w16213109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16213109","url":null,"abstract":"Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes have emerged as a promising approach for the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environments due to their ability to generate sulfate radicals (SO4−·) within catalytic systems. In this study, peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated with the natural vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) as the activator for the degradation of acid orange II. The degradation efficiency increased with higher dosages of VTM or persulfate (both PDS and PMS) at lower concentrations (below 10 mM). However, excessive PMS (higher than 10 mM) in the PMS/VTM system led to the self-consumption of free radicals, significantly inhibiting the degradation of acid orange II. The VTM-activated PDS or PMS maintained an effective degradation of acid orange II in a wide pH range (3~11), suggesting remarkable pH stability. The SO4−· was the main active species in the PDS/VTM system, while hydroxyl radical (·OH) also contributed significantly to the PMS/VTM system. In addition, PMS exhibited better thermal stability during VTM activation. Coexisting ions in an aqueous environment such as bicarbonate (HCO3–), carbonate (CO32–), and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42–) had obvious effects on persulfate activation. Our study systematically investigated the different activation processes and influencing factors associated with PDS and PMS when the natural VTM was used as a catalyst, thereby providing new insights into the persulfate-mediated degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environments.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 21","pages":"3109-3109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron–Cobalt Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Carbon Materials Activate PMS to Degrade Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water","authors":"Qin Liu, Huiru Zhang, Kanghui Zhang, Jinxiu Li, Jiaheng Cui, Tongshan Shi","doi":"10.3390/w16202997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202997","url":null,"abstract":"Organic pollutants entering water bodies lead to severe water pollution, posing a threat to human health. The activation of persulfate advanced oxidation processes using carbon materials derived from MOFs as substrates can efficiently treat wastewater contaminated with organic pollutants. This research uses NH2-MIL-101(Fe) as a substrate, doped with Fe2+ and Co2+, to prepare Fe/Co-CNs through a one-step carbonization method. The surface morphology, pore structure, and chemical composition of Fe/Co-CNs were investigated using characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FT-IR, BET, and Raman. A comparative study was conducted on the performance of catalysts with different Fe/Co ratios in activating PMS for the degradation of organic pollutants, as well as the effects of various influencing factors (the dosage of Fe/Co-CNs, the amount of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), the initial pH of the solution, the TC concentration, and inorganic anions) on the catalyst’s activation of persulfate for TC degradation. Through radical quenching experiments and post-degradation XPS analysis, the active radicals in the FeCo-CNs/PMS system were investigated to explain the possible mechanism of TC degradation in the Fe/Co-CNs/PMS system. The results indicate that Fe/Co-CNs-2 (with a Co2+ doping amount of 20%) achieves a degradation rate of 93.34% for TC (tetracycline hydrochloride) within 30 min when activating PMS, outperforming other Co2+ doping amounts. In addition, singlet oxygen (1O2) is the main reactive species in the reaction system.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 20","pages":"2997-2997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of Cyanide Using Soda Lake-Derived Alkaliphilic Microbial Consortia","authors":"Getnet Belay, Carolina Suarez, Catherine J. Paul, Addis Simachew","doi":"10.3390/w16202956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202956","url":null,"abstract":"Biological treatment processes at low or neutral pH are ineffective for gold mine wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a new cyanide-rich gold mine wastewater treatment system using alkaliphilic microbial consortia from the Ethiopian Rift Valley soda lake, Lake Chitu. The treatment setup incorporates aerobic and anoxic reactors connected in series and operated for about 200 treatment days. Simulated gold mine wastewater was formulated in the laboratory. Colorimetry was used to measure residual cyanide and reactive nitrogen molecules derived from cyanide biodegradation. Flocks and biofilms developed in the reactors during the acclimatization process. Using sodium cyanide at 200 mg/L as an initial concentration, the consortia degraded to 99.74 ± 0.08% of cyanide, with no significant variation (p > 0.05) occurring when the dose was increased to 800 mg/L. However, changes were observed (p < 0.05) at 1000 mg/L. Acetate was the preferred carbon source for the consortia. The established consortia effectively degraded cyanide to levels below the permissible discharge limit set by the International Cyanide Management Institute (ICMI). This study provides insights into the effectiveness of alkaliphilic microbial consortia derived from soda lakes for treating cyanide-polluted wastewater.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"16 20","pages":"2956-2956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/20/2956/pdf?version=1729156999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147920016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}