用于去除南非生活废水中检测到的微污染物的生物炭:来自德班尼示范规模分散式废水处理系统的案例研究

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water SA Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI:10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i4.3861

Jana Späth, Preyan Arumugam, Richard H Lindberg, Ovokeroye A Abafe, Stina Jansson, Jerker Fick, Chris A Buckley

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引用次数: 10

摘要

在全球范围内，地表水和地下水中微量污染物(如药品和个人护理产品)的含量不断增加，对接收水体中的水生生物造成不利影响。未经处理或处理不当的废水是进入环境的微污染物的主要来源。在南非，抗生素和抗逆转录病毒药物的消费量相对高于其他国家;然而，关于生活废水中微量污染物的识别和修复的数据很少。本研究建立了一种在线固相萃取液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术检测和测量71种微量污染物的新方法。为了在南非的环境中测试该方法，从德班德班的一个示范规模的分散式废水处理系统中采集进水和厌氧处理废水(AF废水)的样本，在连续3天的2个时间点进行采集。在原废水中检测到24种微污染物，其中镇痛药/抗炎药、抗逆转录病毒药物和抗生素的浓度最高，大多数化合物仍存在于AF废水中。一种抗生素环丙沙星在所有进水和AF出水样本中都超过了预期的无效果浓度。说明原废水厌氧处理对微污染物的去除效果不明显。实验室规模吸附实验的初步数据显示，利用由橄榄渣、番茄渣、稻壳和非洲棕榈树(Raphia farinifera)等4种原料生产的生物炭，4种化合物的平均去除率高达62%。因此，建议将生物炭的应用作为南非分散废水处理中去除微污染物的二级处理步骤。

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Biochar for the removal of detected micropollutants in South African domestic wastewater: a case study from a demonstration-scale decentralised wastewater treatment system in eThekwini

The presence of micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, in surface and ground water has escalated globally, leading to adverse effects on aquatic organisms in receiving waters. Untreated or inadequately treated wastewater is the main source of micropollutants entering the environment. In South Africa, the consumption of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs is relatively higher than other nations; however, little data exists on the identification and remediation of micropollutants in domestic wastewater. In this study, a novel method to detect and measure 71 micropollutants using online solid phase extraction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed. To test the method in the South African context, grab samples of the influent and anaerobically treated effluent (AF effluent) from a demonstration-scale decentralised wastewater treatment system in eThekwini (Durban) were taken over 3 consecutive days at 2 time points. The presence of 24 micropollutants was detected in the raw wastewater, with analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs, antiretrovirals, and antibiotics showing the highest concentrations and with the majority of compounds still present in the AF effluent. One antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, exceeded its predicted no-effect concentration in all influent and AF effluent samples. This suggests that the anaerobic treatment of the raw wastewater was not effective in removing micropollutants. Preliminary data from lab-scale adsorption experiments using biochar produced from a set of 4 feedstocks – olive residues, tomato residues, rice husks, and the African palm tree Raphia farinifera – showed average removal rates for 4 compounds of up to 62%. The application of biochar is thus recommended as a secondary treatment step in decentralised wastewater treatment for the removal of micropollutants in South Africa.

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来源期刊

Water SA 环境科学-水资源

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

6.70%

发文量

审稿时长

18-36 weeks

期刊介绍： WaterSA publishes refereed, original work in all branches of water science, technology and engineering. This includes water resources development; the hydrological cycle; surface hydrology; geohydrology and hydrometeorology; limnology; salinisation; treatment and management of municipal and industrial water and wastewater; treatment and disposal of sewage sludge; environmental pollution control; water quality and treatment; aquaculture in terms of its impact on the water resource; agricultural water science; etc. Water SA is the WRC’s accredited scientific journal which contains original research articles and review articles on all aspects of water science, technology, engineering and policy. Water SA has been in publication since 1975 and includes articles from both local and international authors. The journal is issued quarterly (4 editions per year).