Water SA最新文献

{"title":"pH-Dependent Reactivity, Radical Pathways, and Nitrosamine Byproduct Formation in Peroxynitrite-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes","authors":"Zhe Chen, Dandan Rao, Jian Zhang, Bo Sun","doi":"10.3390/w18010097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010097","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxynitrite (ONOOH/ONOO−) is increasingly recognized as a key intermediate in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), yet its role in water treatment remains insufficiently defined. This study provides mechanistic insights into peroxynitrite-mediated AOPs through competition kinetics method, demonstrating that both decomposition and pollutant degradation are strongly pH-dependent, with ONOOH dominating stability and radical pathways across pH 5.0−9.0, while its decay rate decreases from 1.2 s−1 to 0.0022 s−1. The interplay of HO• and diverse reactive nitrogen species (RNS, including reactive nitrogen radicals and peroxynitrite) dictates pollutant-specific degradation efficiencies, with RNS showing a unique reliance in degrading bisphenol A—contributing up to 66.7% at pH 8.0. Buffer chemistry further modulates these pathways: bicarbonate accelerates peroxynitrite decay via CO2 and CO3•−-mediated acceleration (resulting in a 361.9% increase at pH 9.0), while borate promotes reactive nitrogen radical formation but suppresses HO• contributions. Importantly, peroxynitrite was shown to facilitate N-nitrosodimethylamine formation in the presence of dimethylamine, with yields maximized under alkaline conditions and attenuated by bicarbonate. These quantitative findings underscore the critical roles of pH and buffer chemistry in optimizing peroxynitrite-based water treatment while mitigating byproduct risks.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"18 1","pages":"97-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/18/1/97/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of Nanoplastic in Soil: Effects of Polymer Properties and Rainfall Conditions","authors":"Fang Wang, Hui Li, Yuchen Zhang, Jiannan Chen, Yuhe Zhang, Sibo Zhang, Bin Wang","doi":"10.3390/w17243512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17243512","url":null,"abstract":"The pervasive presence of nanoplastics (NPs) in the soil environment has been widely documented. However, the mechanisms governing their transport through soil remain poorly understood. This study investigated the migration and vertical distribution of NPs under simulated rainfall, examining the effects of NP properties (concentration, polymer type, aging) and rainfall conditions (duration, pH). The results demonstrated that rainfall facilitated the entry and retention of NPs in soil, with long-term rainfall promoting gradual migration to deeper layers or groundwater. NP mobility was inversely related to their contamination levels. Lower concentrations enhanced downward transport, while higher concentrations led to preferential retention in the topsoil. Due to its hydrophilicity, polyamide (PA) exhibits greater mobility in soil than hydrophobic polystyrene (PS). Both UV aging and acidic rainfall conditions inhibited the migration of NPs, which increased their long-term retention in soil, thereby elevating ecological risk. These results highlight the need for increased attention to the risk of groundwater contamination posed by hydrophilic NPs following long-term rainfall, as well as the threat posed by hydrophobic NPs, particularly after aging and under acidic rainfall conditions, to soil organisms and food safety. Our findings provide critical insights for assessing NP risks in soil environments.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 24","pages":"3512-3512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/24/3512/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Adsorption of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water by Modified Highland Barley Straw Biochar","authors":"Jiacheng Song, Huijun Xi, Xiaogang Gu, Jian Xiong","doi":"10.3390/w17233335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233335","url":null,"abstract":"Global antibiotic pollution (represented by tetracycline hydrochloride, TCH) threatens water environmental safety, and resource recovery of agricultural waste remains a key challenge for sustainable development. Given that utilizing biochar for adsorption is widely recognized as a circular economy-compliant method, this study aimed to verify its applicability in TCH pollution control while recycling agricultural waste by preparing modified biochar from the Xi Zang highland barley straw via chemical activation (KOH, H3PO4, NaHCO3, and ZnCl2) and pyrolysis at 750 °C. Among the products, H3PO4-modified (P-BC) and ZnCl2-modified (Zn-BC) biochars performed best: their abundant micro/mesoporous structures and surface functional groups (–OH/–COOH) enabled excellent TCH adsorption, with the mechanism involving synergy of physical adsorption (dominated by pore filling) and chemical adsorption (hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, cation bridging), alongside multi-layer adsorption. Adsorption was pH-dependent—acidic conditions favored it, while Zn-BC restored efficiency at pH = 9 via Zn2+ bridging. The two biochars were complementary: Zn-BC had higher adsorption capacity, while P-BC showed better stability and ionic interference resistance. Thus, Zn-BC suits high-concentration, low-ionic-strength TCH wastewater, and P-BC is ideal for complex high-ionic-strength water (e.g., industrial/aquaculture wastewater). This study provides theoretical and technical support for high-value utilization of regional agricultural waste and targeted TCH pollution control.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 23","pages":"3335-3335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/23/3335/pdf?version=1763729865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riboflavin-Functionalized Conductive Material Enhances a Pilot-Scaled Anaerobic Digester Fed with Cattle Manure Wastewater: Synergies on Methanogenesis and Methanosarcina barkeri Enrichment","authors":"Guangdong Sun, Yiwei Zeng, Qingtao Deng, Jianyong Ma, He Dong, Haowen Zhang, Hao He, Haiyu Xu, Hongbin Wu, Yan Dang","doi":"10.3390/w17202967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17202967","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology is universally acknowledged as the most economically viable and efficient approach for energy recovery from livestock manure. To validate the efficacy of riboflavin-functionalized carbon-based conductive materials (CCM-RF) in enhancing methane production at pilot scale, three pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were constructed and separately supplemented with carbon cloth (CC), granular activated carbon (GAC), and a combination of CC and GAC. During reactor initialization, riboflavin and a concentrated inoculum of Methanosarcina barkeri (M. barkeri) were introduced to investigate the mechanistic role of CCM-RF in promoting direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) and optimizing treatment efficiency during anaerobic digestion of cattle manure wastewater. The results showed that all reactors improved AD performance and maintained stable operation at the OLR of 15.66 ± 1.95 kg COD/(m3·d), with a maximum OLR of 20 kg COD/(m3·d) and the HRT as short as 5 days. Among the configurations, the CC reactor outperformed the others, achieving a methane volumetric yield of 6.42 m3/(m3·d), which represents an eight-fold increase compared to conventional AD systems. Microbial community analysis revealed that, although M. barkeri was initially inoculated in large quantities, Methanothrix—a methanogen with DIET capability—eventually became the dominant species. The enrichment of Methanothrix and the simultaneous enhancement in sludge conductivity collectively verified the mechanistic role of CCM-RF in promoting CO2-reductive methanogenesis through strengthened DIET pathways. Notably, M. barkeri showed progressive proliferation under conditions of high organic loading rates (OLR) and short hydraulic retention time (HRT). This phenomenon provides a critical theoretical basis for the development of future strategies aimed at the targeted enrichment of Methanosarcina-dominant microbial consortia.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 20","pages":"2967-2967"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/20/2967/pdf?version=1760522580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency and Mechanism of a Hollow Carbon-Based Single-Atom Iron Catalyst in Activating Periodate for Bisphenol a Degradation","authors":"Ling Chen, Mengyue Yuan, Shang Gao, Yuzhu Xue, Yuwei Pan","doi":"10.3390/w17182705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17182705","url":null,"abstract":"Developing efficient and recyclable periodate (PI)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) has attracted considerable attention. However, the structure–activity relationship of single-atom catalyst in PI-AOP systems remains poorly understood. In this study, a hollow carbon-supported single-Fe atom catalyst (HCFe800) was synthesized and applied for PI activation toward bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. Under neutral pH and ambient temperature, HCFe800 enabled complete removal of BPA within 1 min, achieving a degradation rate constant (k) of 5.094 min−1—approximately 3 and 10 times higher than that of Fe-free and solid control catalysts, respectively. After normalization, the apparent degradation rate constant was 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than those of previously reported catalysts. The optimized Fe doping amount and pyrolysis temperature facilitated the formation of atomically dispersed FeN4 sites, which outperformed Fe clusters and iron oxides in catalytic activity. The hollow porous structure further enhanced the exposure of active sites, contributing to the exceptional performance. The HCFe800/PI system remained highly effective across broad pH (3–7) and temperature (5–35 °C) ranges and in the presence of 100-fold concentrations of common inorganic ions. Mechanistic studies revealed that the main reactive species were 1O2, O2•−, and IO3•, with negligible involvement of high-valent Fe species. Eight less-toxic BPA degradation products were identified. Moreover, the system was extendable to various other EOPs and exhibited excellent recyclability via thermal regeneration. This work provided fundamental insights into designing and applying single-atom catalysts for PI-based advanced treatment of EOPs.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 18","pages":"2705-2705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/18/2705/pdf?version=1757737574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Removal of Phosphate from Water Environments by Synthesizing New Sodium-Type Zeolite from Coal Gangue","authors":"Yiou Wang, Qiang Li, Muyuan Ma, Zekun Xu, Tianhui Zhao","doi":"10.3390/w17172628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17172628","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive phosphorus emissions are a significant driver of severe eutrophication in water bodies, and developing an efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for phosphorus removal is imperative. In this study, a Na-type zeolite was synthesized from coal gangue sourced from an open-pit mine in Xinjiang province, China. The synthesis process involved drying, crushing, alkali activation, aging, hydrothermal crystallization, and Na+ ion exchange. Orthogonal design identified the optimal synthesis parameters: an alkali-to-ash ratio of 1:1, aging at 20 °C for 12 h, and crystallization at 130 °C for 12 h. Aging time exerted the greatest influence on the phosphate removal efficiency. The optimized zeolite exhibited excellent phosphate adsorption performance, achieving a removal efficiency of up to 96% and a capacity of 16 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics followed both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, indicating processes governed by combined physical and chemical mechanisms. Isotherm data fitting with Freundlich and Langmuir models suggested the presence of both homogeneous and heterogeneous active sites. Thermodynamic studies confirmed a spontaneous and endothermic process, increasingly favorable at higher temperatures. Characterizations via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Na-type zeolite and revealed structural and compositional changes following phosphate adsorption. Aluminum and calcium binding played key roles in the chemical adsorption mechanisms. This work not only offers a high-efficiency, low-cost solution for phosphorus removal from wastewater but also provides a sustainable pathway for the valorization of coal gangue in the Zhundong area of Xinjiang, China.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 17","pages":"2628-2628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/17/2628/pdf?version=1757075449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Stepwise Salinity Elevation on Nitrogen Removal and Microbial Properties of Morphologically Distinct Anammox Sludge","authors":"Keying Sun, Huining Zhang, Kefeng Zhang, Jianqing Ma, Zhigang Pan, Shuting Zhang","doi":"10.3390/w17172611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17172611","url":null,"abstract":"The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process offers potential for saline wastewater treatment but is hindered by salt inhibition. This study investigates the salt tolerance mechanisms of granular (R1), biofilm-carrier (R2), and floccular (R3) sludge in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors under 0–20 g/L NaCl. Granular sludge outperformed other biomass types, maintaining >90% ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal at 20 g/L NaCl due to structural stability and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) adaptation (shift from hydrophobic proteins to polysaccharides). Microbial analysis revealed a transition from Planctomycetes/Proteobacteria to salt-tolerant Pseudomonadota, with Candidatus_Kuenenia replacing Candidatus_Brocadia as the dominant anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) (reaching 14.5% abundance in R1). Genetic profiling demonstrated coordinated nitrogen metabolism: Hzs/Hdh inhibition (>85%) and NirBD/NrfAH activation (0.23%) elevated NH4+-N, while NarGIV/NapA decline (1.10%→0.58%) increased nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N). NxrB/NirSK maintained low nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N), and GltBD upregulation (0.43%) enhanced osmoregulation. These findings underscore the superior resilience of granular sludge under high salinity, linked to microbial community shifts and metabolic adaptations. This study provides critical insights for optimizing anammox processes in saline environments, emphasizing the importance of biomass morphology and microbial ecology in mitigating salt inhibition.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 17","pages":"2611-2611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/17/2611/pdf?version=1756909462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Sludge-Derived Biochar via One-Step Pyrolysis: Pollutant Degradation Performance and Mechanism","authors":"Yi Wang, Lianqing Li, Hao Zhou, Jingjing Zhan","doi":"10.3390/w17172588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17172588","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal wastewater treatment relies primarily on biological methods, yet effective disposal of residual sludge remains a major challenge. Converting sludge into biochar via oxygen-limited pyrolysis presents a novel approach for waste resource recovery. This study prepared sludge-based biochar (SBC) through one-step pyrolysis of sewage sludge and applied it to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degrading diverse contaminants. Characterization (SEM, XPS, FTIR) revealed abundant pore structures and diverse surface functional groups on SBC. Using Acid Orange 7 (AO7) as the target pollutant, SBC effectively degraded AO7 across pH 3.0–9.0 and catalyst dosages (0.2–2.0 g·L−1), achieving a maximum observed rate constant (kobs) of 0.3108 min–1. Salinity and common anions showed negligible inhibition on AO7 degradation. SBC maintained 95% degradation efficiency after four reuse cycles and effectively degraded sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, and rhodamine B besides AO7. Mechanistic studies (chemical quenching and ESR) identified singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radicals (O2•− ) as the dominant reactive oxygen species for AO7 degradation. XPS indicated a 39% reduction in surface carbonyl group content after cycling, contributing to activity decline. LC-MS identified five intermediates, suggesting a potential degradation pathway driven by SBC/PMS system. ECOSAR model predictions indicated significantly reduced biotoxicity of the degradation products compared to AO7. This work provides a strategy for preparing sludge-derived catalysts for PMS activation and pollutant degradation, enabling effective solid waste resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 17","pages":"2588-2588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/17/2588/pdf?version=1756738640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Macroinvertebrate Community Structure Associated with Land Use in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia","authors":"Cristian Granados Martínez, Meyer Guevara-Mora, Eugenia López‐López, José Miguel Ramírez","doi":"10.3390/w17142142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17142142","url":null,"abstract":"Rivers in tropical semi-arid regions face increasing anthropogenic pressures yet remain critically understudied despite their global importance. This study evaluated the aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure in the Ranchería River, Colombia, across three land use conditions: conserved zones (CZs), urban/agricultural zones (UAZs), and mining influence zones (MZs). Ten sampling stations were established, and macroinvertebrate communities were assessed alongside physical, chemical, and hydromorphological variables during the dry season (January–March 2021). A total of 9288 individuals from 84 genera across 16 orders were collected. Generalized Linear Models revealed significant differences among zones for 67 genera (79.8%), indicating strong community responses to land use gradients. Conserved zones exhibited the highest diversity according to the Hill numbers and were dominated by sensitive taxa, including Simulium, Smicridea, and Leptohyphes. Urban/agricultural zones showed the lowest richness (35 genera) and were characterized by disturbance-tolerant species, particularly Melanoides. Mining zones displayed intermediate diversity but exhibited severe habitat alterations. A redundancy analysis with variance partitioning revealed that land use types constituted the primary driver of community structure (a 24.1% pure effect), exceeding the physical and chemical variables (19.5%) and land cover characteristics (19.2%). The integrated model explained 63.5% of the total compositional variation, demonstrating that landscape-scale anthropogenic disturbances exert a greater influence on aquatic communities than local environmental conditions alone. Different anthropogenic activities create distinct environmental filters affecting macroinvertebrate assemblages, emphasizing the importance of land use planning for maintaining aquatic ecosystem integrity in semi-arid watersheds.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 14","pages":"2142-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/14/2142/pdf?version=1752836881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147382153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Electron Transfer Between Fe/Mn Promotes Efficient Activation of Peroxomonosulfate by FeMn-NBC","authors":"Xiaoji Lin, Qiang Ge, Xianbo Zhou, Yan Wang, Congyun Zhu, Kun Liu, Jinquan Wan","doi":"10.3390/w17111700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111700","url":null,"abstract":"Bimetallic catalysts can effectively enhance the catalytic degradation efficiency of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), which is usually attributed to the enhancement of electron transfer, but currently, there is no clear explanation of the mechanism of how the electron transfer is enhanced. A nitrogen-doped Fe/Mn composite biochar (FeMn-NBC) was co-constructed by hydrothermal synthesis and high-temperature calcination. The FeMn-NBC activated PMS more efficiently than the monometallic one due to the enhanced electron transfer between Fe and Mn. The FeMn-NBC/PMS system activated PMS with Mn as the active center, and the high oxidation state of Mn4+ promoted the acceleration of the PMS adsorption of the generation of Mn2+/Mn3+. This gaining effect accelerated the electron cycling between Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+, which enhanced the PMS catalysis to generate free radicals (•OH, SO4•− and •O2−) and non-radicals (1O2) for the efficient degradation of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). Benefiting from this gaining effect, the degradation rate of DIBP by the FeMn-NBC/PMS system was increased by 2.43 and 3.38 times compared to Fe-NBC and Mn-NBC. The bimetallic-enhanced electron transfer mechanism proposed in this study facilitated the development of efficient catalysts for more efficient and selective removal of organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 11","pages":"1700-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/11/1700/pdf?version=1749008950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}