Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of water impacted by acid mine drainage from a coal mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa, using the Ames test and Comet assay

IF 1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES
O. Iji, E. Njoya, B. Madikizela, J. Myburgh, L. McGaw
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Several potential genotoxins found in water samples arise from anthropogenic activities. Acid mine effluent resulting from coal mining poses serious environment concerns all over the world. The use of toxicity tests to evaluate the quality of streams add value by providing site-specific toxicological data. Treatment systems such as the use of natural wetlands (passive) or conventional physical and chemical pH-neutralised processes (active) are employed mainly to meet certain water quality guidelines. Nonetheless, potential genotoxins or residues remain which influence the quality of discharged effluents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of acid mine drainage (AMD) released into a natural stream following treatment by passive and active methods. This study aimed to identify the extent of AMD mutagenicity and genotoxicity to African Vero monkey kidney cell line and a fish gill cell line (RTgill-W1) using two assays, the Ames test, and the comet assay, as a rapid and effective screening tool. The Ames test performed without metabolic activation using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains showed no indication of mutagenicity in the water samples tested. Differing results were however obtained for the comet assay using the African Vero monkey kidney cell line and a fish gill cell line (Rtgill-W1), which revealed DNA fragmentation and variations in morphologies indicative of genotoxicity in the water samples following the two treatment processes. A significant reduction in DNA damage was observed in water samples following active treatment of the AMD, evidenced by reduced damage frequency and a lowered comet score. This bioassay confirms the urgency of integrating high-throughput screening in aquatic toxicity assessment at genetic levels, giving further evidence that in-vitro bioassays can be incorporated for use in short-term genotoxicity assays. The result suggests that the comet assay proved sensitive at detecting genotoxicity, supporting the integration of this into environmental monitoring frameworks targeted at AMD-contaminated sites.
使用Ames试验和Comet试验评价南非普马兰加省某煤矿酸性矿井排水影响的水的遗传毒性潜力
在水样中发现的几种潜在基因毒素是由人为活动引起的。煤矿开采产生的酸性矿井废水在世界范围内引起了严重的环境问题。使用毒性测试来评估河流的质量,通过提供特定地点的毒理学数据增加了价值。处理系统,例如使用天然湿地(被动)或传统的物理和化学ph中和过程(主动),主要是为了达到某些水质准则。然而,潜在的基因毒素或残留物仍然存在,影响排放废水的质量。本研究的目的是评估酸性矿井废水(AMD)在被动和主动处理后释放到自然溪流中的遗传毒性潜力。本研究旨在确定AMD对非洲Vero猴肾细胞系和鱼鳃细胞系(RTgill-W1)的致突变性和遗传毒性程度,采用Ames试验和comet试验作为快速有效的筛选工具。使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98和TA100菌株进行的Ames试验在没有代谢激活的情况下进行,在测试的水样中没有显示出诱变的迹象。然而,使用非洲Vero猴肾细胞系和鱼鳃细胞系(Rtgill-W1)进行彗星试验获得了不同的结果,这表明在两种处理过程后,水样中的DNA片段化和形态变化表明遗传毒性。在AMD积极治疗后,在水样中观察到DNA损伤显著减少,损伤频率降低和彗星评分降低证明了这一点。该生物测定证实了在遗传水平上将高通量筛选整合到水生毒性评估中的紧迫性,进一步证明了体外生物测定可用于短期遗传毒性分析。结果表明,彗星试验在检测遗传毒性方面被证明是敏感的,支持将其整合到针对amd污染地点的环境监测框架中。
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来源期刊
Water SA
Water SA 环境科学-水资源
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
46
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: WaterSA publishes refereed, original work in all branches of water science, technology and engineering. This includes water resources development; the hydrological cycle; surface hydrology; geohydrology and hydrometeorology; limnology; salinisation; treatment and management of municipal and industrial water and wastewater; treatment and disposal of sewage sludge; environmental pollution control; water quality and treatment; aquaculture in terms of its impact on the water resource; agricultural water science; etc. Water SA is the WRC’s accredited scientific journal which contains original research articles and review articles on all aspects of water science, technology, engineering and policy. Water SA has been in publication since 1975 and includes articles from both local and international authors. The journal is issued quarterly (4 editions per year).
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