Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports最新文献

{"title":"Molecular identification of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a case of primary cutaneous myiasis in sheep at southern Brazil","authors":"Talissa Silva dos Santos ,&nbsp;Gabriela Anhanha ,&nbsp;Carine Glaucia Comarella ,&nbsp;Mirian Denise Schalemberg ,&nbsp;Julia Somavilla Lignon ,&nbsp;Diego Moscarelli Pinto ,&nbsp;Kauê Rodriguez Martins ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ,&nbsp;Daniel Roulim Stainki ,&nbsp;Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sheep farming has been growing in Brazil, driven by an expanding consumer market due to greater acceptance of its meat and derivatives. There are several factors that limit sheep production, and one of them is infestation by ectoparasites, which cause stress in animals, weight loss, poor development, low productivity, low quality wool and reduced fertility. <em>Chrysomya albiceps</em> is a species of blowfly belonging to the Calliphoridae family that occurs in neotropical regions, where it causes secondary myiasis. We identified here a rare case of cutaneous myiasis with the presence of tissue lesions caused by <em>C. albiceps</em> in sheep in southern Brazil. We highlight the need to carry out more in-depth studies regarding the biology of these insects, with the aim of proving this atypical behavior for Brazil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Atriplex halimus, the anti-echinococcal plant used in Algeria","authors":"Meryem Benmarce ,&nbsp;Maria Celina Elissondo ,&nbsp;AbdElkarim Laatamna ,&nbsp;Assia Haif","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains a major human public health problem in Algeria. Surgical treatment is the gold standard. However, one of the most critical complications of surgery is a recurrence of the disease, which is attributed to the dissemination of protoscoleces during the operation. This study aimed to compare the scolicidal effect of two ethanolic and aqueous extracts of <em>Atriplex halimus</em>, a plant used by the Algerian population against CE. The comparison involved the assessment of the phytochemical content, making screening using GC–MS/MS, and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity using DPPH and the <em>in vitro</em> scolicidal effect of <em>A. halimus</em> extracts. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves contained 19.601 ± 0.016 and 15.406 ± 0.003 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of extract (GAE/g extract) of total phenolic. However, the flavonoid content in ethanolic and aqueous extracts was 4.350 ± 0.023 and 1.995 ± 0.026 mg of quercetin equivalent per g (QE/g extract), respectively. Four compounds were identified by GC–MS/MS for the ethanolic extract, while twenty-three compounds were determined for the aqueous extract. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of <em>A. halimus</em> demonstrated an antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ = 0.850 ± 0.026 mg/ml and IC₅₀ = 0.897 ± 0.060 mg/ml, respectively. The higher <em>in vitro</em> scolicidal effect was 100% after 90 min and 10 min at 100 and 150 mg/ml, respectively for the ethanolic extract and after 120 and 60 min at 100 and 150 mg/ml, respectively for the aqueous extract. <em>Atriplex halimus</em> could be used as a natural source for the production of a potential scolicidal agent for use during CE surgery and/or percutaneous interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality, supply chain, and use of Trypanocidal drugs among camel keepers in north-eastern Kenya: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Kennedy O. Ogolla ,&nbsp;Lawrence G. Mugunieri ,&nbsp;Raymond E. Mdachi ,&nbsp;Kennedy B. Wanjala ,&nbsp;Paul O. Mireji ,&nbsp;Clarence M. Mang'era ,&nbsp;Richard K. Kurgat ,&nbsp;Phylis M. Alusi ,&nbsp;Kelvin N. Malimo ,&nbsp;Judith K. Chemuliti","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The non-cyclic trypanosomiasis (surra), caused by <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em>, and mechanically transmitted by biting flies, hinders camel productivity in Kenya. Trypanocides are the most commonly used drugs to control surra. However, emergence of drug resistance by the parasites is a major limitation to control efforts. There is limited information on the quality of trypanocides, the supply chain and drug-use practices among camel keepers potentially contributing to development of drug resistance in Kenya. We sought to fill this gap by conducting a cross-sectional study among camel keepers in Isiolo and Marsabit counties, Kenya. We mapped the trypanocide drugs supply chain through quantitative and qualitative surveys. We administered a semi-structured questionnaire to camel keepers to generate data on trypanocides-use practices, including the types, sources, person who administers treatment, reconstitution, dosage, route and frequency of administration, among others. Additionally, we tested the quality of trypanocidal drugs retailed in the region. We mapped a total of 55 and 49 agro-veterinary outlets and general (ordinary) shops retailing veterinary drugs in the two counties, respectively. These comprised of 29 and 26 agro-veterinary outlets, as well as 24 and 25 general shops in Isiolo and Marsabit counties, respectively. Overall, the respondents experienced 283 surra cases in the three-month recall period, which were treated with trypanocides. The majority of these cases were diagnosed by camel owners (71.7%) and herders (24.1%). A significant proportion of the cases were treated by camel owners (54.8%), herders (35.3%), the owner's son (3.2%) and veterinary personnel (1.1%) (χ² = 24.99, <em>p</em> = 0.000). Most of the households sourced the drugs from agro-veterinary outlets (59.0%), followed by general shops (19.8%), veterinary personnel (2.1%), and open-air markets (0.4%) (χ² = 319.24, <em>p</em> = 0.000). Quinapyramine was the most (56.9%) predominantly used trypanocide in treatment of <em>surra</em>, followed by homidium (19.8%), isometamidium (15.9%), diminazene aceturate (6.7%), and ethidium (0.7%) (χ² = 340.75, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.000). Only a meager proportion of respondents (15.2%) used the drugs correctly as instructed by the manufacturers. We recorded an association between correct drug usage, with the person who administers the treatment (χ² = 17.7, <em>p</em> = 0.003), and the type of trypanocide used (χ² = 19.4, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). All the drug samples tested had correct concentrations of active ingredient (100.0%), and therefore of good quality. We have demonstrated that whereas the trypanocides retailed in the region by authorized vendors are of good quality, there is widespread incorrect handling and use of the drugs by unqualified individuals, which may contribute to treatment failure and emergence of trypanocide resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in apparently healthy horses in eastern of Spain","authors":"Lola Martínez-Sáez ,&nbsp;Samuele Pala ,&nbsp;Pablo Jesús Marín-García ,&nbsp;Lola Llobat","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses and represents a significant health risk for humans, especially for immunodeficient patients. The main transmission route is by oral uptake of oocysts and consumption of undercooked meat of infected animals. Different species have been evaluated as possible reservoirs of the parasite, but few studies have been carried out to examine the role of horses in transmission of the disease. Given the proximity of these animals to humans and the widespread consumption of their meat in many countries, including the Mediterranean basin, it is important to determine the prevalence of <em>T. gondii</em> infection in this species. In this study, blood samples from 105 horses were collected and the presence of <em>T. gondii</em> was evaluated by serological and molecular methods. Antibodies against <em>T. gondii</em> of 12 horses (11.43%) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas 29 horses (27.62%) showed positive for PCR. Seroprevalence was related to use of the animals, being higher in horses used for dressage than in others. Purebreds had higher seroprevalence than crossbred animals. No differences between breed, sex or age were found. The results of this study confirm the presence of <em>T. gondii</em> infection in horses, highlighting the need to analyse the meat of this species before human consumption and to control of this infection in horses, as they could be an important reservoir of this zoonotic parasite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of co-infections with Ehrlichia spp. or Theileria spp. in dogs naturally infected with babesiosis in the Eastern Cape province","authors":"Henry P.P. Cloete ,&nbsp;Yolandi Rautenbach ,&nbsp;Andrew L. Leisewitz ,&nbsp;Richard J. Mellanby ,&nbsp;Peter N. Thompson ,&nbsp;Johan P. Schoeman","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis are tick-borne infections of great significance in South Africa. Theileriosis in dogs in South Africa is still poorly understood. Co-infection with multiple tick-borne diseases has been documented and is perceived as a common occurrence in South Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of co-infections with <em>Ehrlichia canis</em> or <em>Theileria equi</em> in dogs with babesiosis in the Eastern Cape province. There is a lack of data on canine tick-borne disease distribution in this region. Possible associations of population characteristics and haematological and biochemistry measures with a co-infection of <em>E. canis</em> or <em>T. equi</em> in these dogs were also investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The study population included 150 dogs naturally infected with babesiosis that presented to the Mdantsane State Veterinary Clinic between January 2021 and November 2021. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the <em>Babesia</em> spp. that the dogs were infected with and to identify co-infections. Association with co-infection for the following parameters were evaluated: sex, breed, age, duration of illness, leukocyte count, band neutrophil count, monocyte count, platelet count, ARC, and serum globulin concentration. Positive and negative predictive values of monocytosis, leukopenia, band neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and non-regenerative absolute reticulocyte count for co-infection were also calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>Babesia rossi</em> was identified in 149/150 samples and <em>B. vogeli</em> in only 1/150 samples. A co-infection prevalence of 2.0% (3/149; 95% CI: 0.4–5.7) with <em>B. rossi</em> and <em>E. canis</em> was found. No other co-infections were reported. No investigated variables showed significant associations with co-infections. Monocytosis, in particular, was not associated with co-infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Co-infection with other tick-borne diseases in dogs with babesiosis is uncommon in the Eastern Cape province. These findings raise the possibility that <em>B. rossi</em> may have a protective effect against other tick-borne diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405939024001126/pdfft?md5=38384f54821504fe0070a194682eab16&pid=1-s2.0-S2405939024001126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile and temporal dynamics of the feline sporotrichosis epidemic in southern Brazil: A forecasting analysis","authors":"Sergiane Baes Pereira ,&nbsp;Angelita dos Reis Gomes ,&nbsp;Maria Helena Franco Morais ,&nbsp;Bianca Conrad Bohm ,&nbsp;Stefanie Bressan Waller ,&nbsp;Renata Osório de Faria ,&nbsp;Nádia Campos Pereira Bruhn ,&nbsp;Fabio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A detailed clinical-epidemiological analysis of feline sporotrichosis was conducted, and 288 cases reported between the years 2007 and 2018 were analyzed. The studied cases primarily involved mongrel cats (240/260), males (212/282), and adults (121/200). The main objectives were to identify the risk factors, calculate the monthly incidence rates, and establish a predictive model using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) approach. The statistical analysis revealed significant associations (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) between prolonged lesion evolution times and factors such as respiratory signs, prior treatments, and lesion contact. Empirical treatment was identified as a significant risk factor for disease progression. Moreover, the number of cases demonstrated an increasing trend over the study period, with annual peaks noted in disease incidence. The SARIMA model proved to be an effective tool for forecasting the incidence of sporotrichosis, offering robust support for epidemiological surveillance and facilitating targeted public health interventions in endemic regions. The predictive accuracy of the developed model underscored its utility in enhancing disease monitoring and supporting proactive health measures for the effective management of sporotrichosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101091"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of a possible trypanotolerant cattle breed in Latin America: Parasitological, serological, and clinical aspects","authors":"Débora Ribeiro de Mendonça ,&nbsp;Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto ,&nbsp;Luana Hernandez Pureza ,&nbsp;Danieli Brolo Martins ,&nbsp;Vando Edésio Soares ,&nbsp;Lorena Lopes Ferreira ,&nbsp;Maria Clorinda Soares Fioravanti ,&nbsp;Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos ,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Jorge da Cunha ,&nbsp;Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Trypanosoma vivax</em> infections are endemic in Africa, where they provoke trypanosomosis against which some local taurine breeds are tolerant and are thus named trypanotolerant. In Latin America, <em>T. vivax</em> was imported in 1919, since when it has been responsible for periodic outbreaks of the disease. This study assessed whether a South American taurine breed resilient to several parasitic and infectious diseases (Curraleiro Pé-Duro-CPD) can meet trypanotolerant criteria (control parasite proliferation, prevent anemia, survive without treatment, and maintain productivity). Three groups were established, each consisting of six animals (Group 1: CPD-infected; Group 2: Holstein/Gyr-infected; Group 3: Holstein/Gyr–uninfected, negative control). Groups 1 and 2 were infected with <em>T. vivax</em> on Day 0 and evaluated until day 532. Throughout the experimental period, parasitological (Woo and Brener), molecular (cPCR), serological (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody test - IFAT, immunochromatographic assay - IA), and clinical (hemogram, fever, weight loss) aspects were evaluated. During the acute phase of the disease, <em>T. vivax</em> was initially detected in Holstein/Gyr. Notably, the CPD animals restored their packed cell volume (PCV) values to the normal range 74 days after inoculations. In the chronic phase, two of the six CPD animals were positive by cPCR until D + 522 following immunosuppression with dexamethasone. Regarding serological aspects, the two CPD animals had positive tests until D + 532. The absence of <em>T. vivax</em> in blood during the chronic phase did not correspond to “self-cure”. Holstein/Gyr animals exhibited fever on more evaluation days than CPD animals. Both breeds experienced weight loss, with Holstein/Gyr animals losing significantly more weight. On D + 25, the Holstein/Gyr group required treatment. During the 532 days, none of the CPD animals required treatment, even after being sensitized with dexamethasone. Animals from Group 3 tested negative for <em>T. vivax</em> throughout the experiment. This study demonstrated that CPD cattle fulfill the mentioned trypanotolerant criteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of Mymarothecium viatorum and Anacanthorus penilabiatus in extensive native fish farming systems of the Peruvian Amazon","authors":"Milagros Cabrera-Soregui ,&nbsp;Karel Torres-Lozano ,&nbsp;Enrique Garcia-Candela ,&nbsp;Fernando Mesias-Valle ,&nbsp;Rosa Martinez-Rojas ,&nbsp;Lidia Cruz-Neyra ,&nbsp;Aarón Mondragón-Martínez ,&nbsp;Mariana Bertholdi Ebert ,&nbsp;Reinaldo José da Silva ,&nbsp;Daniel Leonardo Cala-Delgado","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Piaractus brachypomus</em> (Pacú) is the main native fish species cultivated in Peru and holds great potential for growth in aquaculture from the Peruvian Amazon. Between October 2021 and January 2022 in two fish producing farms in the Amazon region of San Martín in Peru, <em>P. brachypomus</em> individuals were examined for parasite evaluation. A total of 6366 monogeneans were isolated from the gills of 30 fish, revealing a prevalence of 100%, with an abundance and mean intensity of 212 parasites per fish. Monogeneans were morphologically identified as <em>Mymarothecium viatorum</em> and <em>Anacanthorus penilabiatus</em>. The genetic divergence in the 28S rDNA gene found among <em>A. penilabiatus</em> sequences was 0.1% and among <em>Anacanthorus</em> spp. it ranged from 0.9% to 7.5%. The genetic divergence found among the <em>M. viatorum</em> sequences was 0.3%. These finding represents the first molecular data of <em>M. viatorum</em> and <em>A. penilabiatus</em> in Peru using the 28S rDNA gene of these monogeneans. The new sequences obtained will contribute to future studies on the phylogenetic relationships among dactylogyrids. However, further research with a broader range of host-parasite samples and additional genetic markers is needed to clarify these relationships and provide stronger support for the phylogenetic positions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405939024001059/pdfft?md5=4309243b4a5ed461f7879a7691a55831&pid=1-s2.0-S2405939024001059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of the tick-borne disease Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in southern Algeria: First serological evidence in the dromedary camel population","authors":"Djilali Degui ,&nbsp;Aissam Hachid ,&nbsp;Fawzi Derrar ,&nbsp;Nacer Eddine Messahel ,&nbsp;Taha Bia ,&nbsp;Youcef Mockbel ,&nbsp;Melissa Katia Trabelsi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Fayez Khardine ,&nbsp;Lydia Bellout ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hocine Benaissa ,&nbsp;Hamza Leulmi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Lafri ,&nbsp;Djamel Khelef ,&nbsp;Rachid Kaidi ,&nbsp;Rachid Bouguedour ,&nbsp;Idir Bitam ,&nbsp;Ahcéne Hakem ,&nbsp;Ismail Lafri","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis caused by a <em>Nairovirus</em>, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Despite its wide geographical distribution, the epidemiology of CCHF in northern Africa is incompletely understood and its occurrence in Algeria is virtually unknown. The present survey aimed to determine the prevalence of CCHF antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with CCHFV seropositivity among the one-humped camel (<em>Camelus dromedarius</em>) in southern Algeria. A total of 269 camels selected randomly from slaughterhouses in three wilayas were employed in the study. Sera sampled were tested for the presence of CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CCHFV seropositivity was recorded in 255 out of 269 camels accounting for a prevalence rate of 94.8% (95%CI = 92.14–97.45). The seroprevalence by origin was determined to be 97% (193/199) in imported camels and 86% (49/57) in local ones (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.25). Tick presence (OR = 12.35, 95%CI = 1.41–107.43, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) was recorded as the only potential risk factor for contracting CCHFV. This study shows for the first time that camels are exposed to CCHFV in Algeria with a significantly high seroprevalence. It also underlines the need for further research to investigate the broader extent of circulating CCHFV in the country, whether in humans, animals, or ticks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assessment of Ethanolic extracts from specific herbs on controlling aquatic leech (Tyrannobdella rex) and land leech (Philobdella sp.) infestation in Mithun (Bos frontalis)","authors":"J.K. Chamuah ,&nbsp;Vivek Joshi ,&nbsp;S.S. Hanah ,&nbsp;Harshit Kumar ,&nbsp;Plabita Goswami ,&nbsp;Rikraj Loying ,&nbsp;Prasenjit Manna ,&nbsp;K. Vupru ,&nbsp;Girish P.S.","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leech infestation poses a significant threat to Mithun (<em>Bos frontalis</em>) in the north-eastern region of India, leading to various health issues and potential fatality. To address this pressing concern, we conducted a comprehensive research study aimed at assessing the efficacy of herbal plant extracts against aquatic leeches, particularly <em>Tyrannobdella rex</em>, and land leeches of the <em>Philobdella sp.</em> Our investigation involved the evaluation of six distinct plant extracts, with a focus on their ability to combat leech infestation. The results of our study revealed that among the various plant extracts tested, only the ethanolic extracts of soapnut (<em>Sapindus mukorossi</em>) and tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>) exhibited notable effectiveness in combating aquatic leeches. At a concentration of 5%, these extracts displayed significant lethality, with soapnut extract achieving a remarkable kill time of 6.0 ± 0.40 min, while tobacco extract showed a kill time of 31.5 ± 1.32 min. In the case of land leeches, tobacco extract proved to be highly efficient, with an average kill time of 1.5 ± 0.28 min at a 5% concentration. Soapnut extract also exhibited effectiveness against land leeches, albeit with a slightly longer kill time of 14.25 ± 1.10 min at the same concentration. Additionally, Litsea grass oil (<em>Litsea cubeba</em>) demonstrated promising efficacy against both aquatic and land leeches, suggesting its potential as a versatile leech control agent. These compelling findings have significant implications for the management and control of leech infestation among Mithun populations. By identifying and harnessing the leech-repelling properties of soapnut, tobacco, and Litsea grass oil, this research offers practical and environmentally friendly solutions for mitigating the adverse effects of leech infestation. Furthermore, the insights gained from this study pave the way for the development of innovative strategies to safeguard the health and well-being of Mithun in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}