Veterinary clinical pathology最新文献

{"title":"Spurious hyperbicarbonatemia and a negative anion gap in a cat and a dog with severe rhabdomyolysis","authors":"Jennifer Bouschor,&nbsp;Christopher S. Shiprack,&nbsp;Zachary Lake,&nbsp;Molly A. Racette,&nbsp;Daniel A. Heinrich","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat and a 2-year-old male neutered Labrador-mix dog were separately presented to the Veterinary Medical Center for evaluation after sustaining significant muscle trauma due to a dog attack and seizure activity, respectively. In both cases, biochemical analysis was consistent with rhabdomyolysis. Additionally, a markedly increased measured serum bicarbonate concentration and negative calculated anion gap were observed. As these biochemical abnormalities were not expected and deemed incompatible with life, an interference with the analyzer measurement of bicarbonate involving marked increases in pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) following myocyte injury was suspected. Venous blood gas analysis calculated bicarbonate concentration and anion gap were within reference interval, while measured LDH activity was markedly increased. These findings supported an analyzer-generated interference. This is the first published report of a previously described chemistry analyzer interference of markedly increased LDH activity with serum bicarbonate concentration measurement in dogs and cats. Awareness of this interference is important, particularly in the emergency setting, as it may influence case management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.13350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is your diagnosis? Nodule in the nasal cavity of a dog.","authors":"Wendy E Karnia, Dae Young Kim, Owen T Skinner, James J Karnia, Angela B Royal","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13359","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic insufficiency in two juvenile dogs with histoplasmosis","authors":"Rachel E. Whitman,&nbsp;Laura A. Cagle,&nbsp;Sarah Bosch,&nbsp;Oscar B. Alas,&nbsp;Federico R. Vilaplana Grosso,&nbsp;Christopher J. Lanier,&nbsp;Daniel A. Heinrich,&nbsp;Leslie C. Sharkey","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13354","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 9-month-old female intact toy poodle and a 1-year-old female intact Labrador retriever mix presented to separate teaching hospitals for chronic histories of malaise and clinicopathologic evidence of hepatic dysfunction. The signalment and clinical histories of these dogs prompted consideration of a congenital portosystemic shunt as a primary differential. However, microscopic evaluation of peritoneal effusion, pleural effusion, and peripheral blood samples from the dogs revealed round to ovoid yeast organisms morphologically most compatible with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>. Additional testing confirmed histoplasmosis in each case. The poodle underwent a computed tomography (CT) study, which showed hepatomegaly with a spleno-gonadal shunt, pancreatic and gastric wall edema, and marked peritoneal effusion, findings compatible with portal hypertension and secondary acquired shunt formation. The dog was later humanely euthanized due to clinical deterioration, and on necropsy hepatic histoplasmosis was verified, with additional affected tissues comprising lungs and spleen. The Labrador Retriever mix responded clinically and clinicopathologically to antifungal therapy, though no abdominal imaging was performed to definitively exclude the possibility of a congenital portosystemic shunt. In retrospect, several features were more compatible with histoplasmosis than portosystemic shunt in these cases, including hyperbilirubinemia, effusion, and hepatomegaly. These findings serve as a reminder of the need to interpret serum biochemical findings in the context of the totality of the clinicopathologic data and imaging findings, as well as the diagnostic value of microscopy in the evaluation of hematologic and body cavity fluid samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can nematode infection cause internal bleeding in dogs? A case of Dirofilaria immitis infection in cavitary fluids","authors":"Flavio H. Alonso,&nbsp;Karen Shapiro,&nbsp;Lauren E. Camp","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13351","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 9-year-old dog was presented with weight loss, respiratory effort, and an enlarged abdomen. Imaging studies and exploratory surgery showed pulmonary and splenic masses and bi-cavitary effusion, later classified as hemorrhage. Cytology of the peritoneal and pleural fluids also revealed several microfilariae. Immunologic and molecular analyses confirmed <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i> infection and histopathology of the spleen indicated a cavernous endothelial proliferation with undefined etiology (hemangiosarcoma vs reaction to parasite infestation). The nematode larvae are speculated to have entered body cavities via erratic migration or via hemorrhage and visceral lesions to be related to parasitism. Nematode infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for internal bleeding of undetermined origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference intervals for bone marrow cells in juvenile and young adult cats bone marrow cytology","authors":"Nilson J. S. Nunes,&nbsp;Stella de Faria Valle,&nbsp;Felipe Y. Okano,&nbsp;Bruno A. Almeida,&nbsp;Angélica Menin,&nbsp;Fernanda V. A. Costa,&nbsp;Naila C. B. Duda,&nbsp;Félix H. D. González","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13349","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13349","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current bone marrow (BM) reference intervals (RI) are based on a limited number of cats. Age-related changes in BM variables might be important,possibly affecting the interpretation of the results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Establish BM cytologic reference intervals (RIs) and association of age and sex on these findings, in healthy juvenile and young adult cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BM aspirates of cats deemed healthy based on history and clinical, CBC, serum chemistry findings, and negative retrovirus serology were obtained and examined cytologically. The examination included a 1000-nucleated differential cell count and cell morphologic assessment. RIs were calculated using parametric, robust, and nonparametric methods. The cytologic findings were examined for associations with sex and age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 40 cats (females, 22 [55%]; males, 18 [45%]) with a median age of 1.5 years (range 0.5–5). Most calculated RIs were similar to those previously reported. BM plasma cell and monocyte counts were weakly and positively correlated with age (<i>r</i>_s, .312 and .373, respectively; <i>P</i> &lt; .05). Metarubricytes were higher infemales (mean, 25.1%; SD, 6.0%) than males (mean, 21.2%; SD, 6.0%; <i>P</i> &lt; .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BM differential cell counts determined in this study can serve as RIs for cats aged 0.5–5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of hematologic variables among Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and Western stock horse breeds","authors":"E. A. Schaefer,&nbsp;J. Edman,&nbsp;K. G. Magdesian","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13343","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13343","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hematology is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the health status of horses. However, breed differences are often not considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective was to compare complete blood count variables among Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and stock horses (SH).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-six healthy horses were grouped by breed (Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and SH). Samples were collected through venipuncture for complete blood count analysis. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's tests or Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's post hoc tests were used to compare hematologic variables among groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warmbloods had a significantly lower total white blood cell (WBC) count (6.08 ± 1.11 × 10⁹/L) and lymphocyte count (1.76 ± 0.41 × 10⁹/L) than Thoroughbreds (7.28 ± 1.45; 2.28 ± 5.16 × 10⁹/L, respectively; <i>P</i> &lt; .001) and SH (7.21 ± 1.18 × 10⁹/L, <i>P</i> &lt; .01; 2.10 ± 5.17 × 10⁹/L; <i>P</i> &lt; .05). Warmbloods had a significantly lower red blood cell count (7.7 ± 0.8 × 10¹²/L) and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 49.4 ± 2.2 fL) than Thoroughbreds (8.42 ± 1.2 × 10¹²/L, <i>P</i> &lt; .01; 47.3 ± 3.0 fL). Warmbloods had lower MCVs than SH (49.4 ± 2.2 vs 51.2 ± 2.6 fL). The mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was higher in Warmbloods (35.0, 33.8–36.2 g/dL) and Thoroughbreds (34.9, 33.4–35.7 g/dL) than in SH breeds (34.0, 33.4–35.4 g/dL; <i>P</i> &lt; .001, both). Total protein concentrations were significantly lower in Thoroughbreds (67, 59–80 g/L) compared with SH (71, 64–83 g/dL) (<i>P</i> &lt; .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warmbloods had decreased WBC and lymphocyte counts compared with Thoroughbreds and SH, and Thoroughbreds had increased red blood cell counts. Thoroughbreds had lower total protein concentrations than SH. Clinicians should consider breed differences when interpreting hematologic values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.13343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is your diagnosis? Urine from a horse","authors":"Caitlyn F. Connor,&nbsp;Alisia A. W. Weyna,&nbsp;Nicole L. Gottdenker,&nbsp;Erin L. Beasley,&nbsp;Samantha N. Schlemmer","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13346","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13346","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 9-year-old Arabian gelding was referred for a 4-day history of hyporexia and pigmenturia after a 2-hour trail ride with severe azotemia (creatinine 9.6 mg/dL, RI: 1.0–2.0; BUN 65 mg/dL, RI: 8–26) and increased muscle enzyme activities (AST 10 167 IU/L, RI: 148–420; Creatine kinase [CK] 22 266 IU/L, RI: 45–360) noted on day 2. Prior treatment included flunixin meglumine.</p><p>The horse appeared painful with diffuse muscle fasciculations, with no other exam abnormalities. A CBC revealed a mild leukocytosis (mild mature neutrophilia); the erythron and thrombon were unremarkable. Serum biochemistry demonstrated persistent azotemia (creatinine 13.5 mg/dL, RI: 0.8–1.5), increased CK (8471 U/L, RI: 186–760), high anion gap (27, RI: 10–19), hyponatremia (128 mmol/L, RI: 132–140), hypochloremia (80 mmol/L, RI: 95–103), hyperkalemia (5.2 mmol/L, RI: 2.6–4.7), hyperalbuminemia (3.4 g/dL, RI: 2.5–3.3), hyperglycemia (125 mg/dL, RI: 70–113) and hypercalcemia (14.4 mg/dL, RI: 11–13.4); free/ionized calcium was 1.53 mmol/L (RI: 1.09–1.67).</p><p>Cystoscopy revealed red filamentous material pooling in the urine (Figure 1A,B). The urine was isosthenuric (USG 1.010) and alkaline (pH 8.0) with 1+ protein and large blood. Unstained sediment contained 10–50 RBC/hpf, 10–20 WBC/hpf, many transitional epithelial cells, 0–5/lpf linear structures (Figure 1C), rare calcium carbonate crystals, and moderate mucus threads.</p><p>The minimum database findings were suggestive of inflammation/stress, dehydration, muscle injury, and renal injury/insufficiency. The presence of macroscopic urinary casts was striking and unique. In general, urinary casts are rare in herbivores due to alkalinuria.<span>¹</span> Cellular and granular casts are abnormal and indicate acute renal tubular injury. Cellular casts are defined by their cell composition: epithelial casts indicate renal tubular degeneration or necrosis secondary to severe dehydration, ischemia/infarction, nephrotoxicity, or pigment nephropathy; leukocyte casts imply tubulointerstitial inflammation (eg, pyelonephritis); and erythrocyte casts indicate intrarenal hemorrhage.<span>^1-3</span> Granular casts form from the degeneration of cellular casts. In this case, the granular-appearing casts were presumed to represent breakdown products/proteins from erythrocytes (hemoglobin) and muscle (myoglobin). Hemoglobin casts occur with intravascular hemolysis and renal hemorrhage, whereas myoglobin casts indicate severe muscle injury or necrosis.<span>^{2, 3}</span> These proteins can have a similar appearance on routine stains and can be delineated with Okajima stain (hemoglobin stains orange to orange-red) and myoglobin IHC (specific to myoglobin).</p><p>Endogenous injury from myoglobin or hemoglobin (pigment nephropathy) can result in renal tubular injury due to altered blood flow, cast formation, tubular obstruction, and oxidative injury.<span>^1-3</span> Given the history of a trail ride ","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.13346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cabot rings in a cat with myeloproliferative disease","authors":"Mizuki Fujimoto,&nbsp;Masashi Takahashi,&nbsp;Tatsuro Hifumi,&nbsp;Akira Yabuki,&nbsp;Yu Furusawa,&nbsp;Hitoshi Hatai,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Endo","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13340","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 6-year-old spayed female Scottish Fold cat presented with lethargy and anorexia. A complete blood cell count indicated severe anemia and mild thrombocytopenia. Examination of peripheral blood smears revealed marked changes in the erythroid lineage, including the presence of basophilic stippling and Howell-Jolly bodies as well as an increase in nucleated erythrocytes, polychromatophils, ovalocytes, and schistocytes. Additionally, some erythrocytes contained a ring or figure-eight shaped structure known as a Cabot ring, which were especially observed in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. Hemolytic diseases (Mycoplasma infection and IMHA) were diagnostically excluded, and the cat was treated through prednisolone administration, whole blood transfusion, and administration of vitamins (K2 and B12); however, the anemia progressively worsened. Cabot rings were observed until Day 22 and subsequently disappeared as the number of nucleated RBCs increased, and the erythrocyte lineage shifted to immature population. On Day 42, peripheral blood examination revealed further left shifting and appearance of many rubriblasts. The patient died at home on Day 43. Necropsy revealed neoplastic cells infiltrating the bone marrow and other organs, which were immunopositive to CD71 which is an erythroid lineage marker. In humans, Cabot rings have been observed in megaloblastic anemia, lead poisoning, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myelofibrosis; further, they are thought to be related to stressed bone marrow and dyserythropoiesis. This is the first case report of a cat with Cabot rings, which are suggestive of defects in erythroid lineage production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presumed pseudo-Pelger–Huët anomaly and basophilia secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog","authors":"Javier Martínez-Caro,&nbsp;Beatriz Agulla,&nbsp;Clàudia Viñeta,&nbsp;Xavier Roura,&nbsp;Montse Mesalles,&nbsp;Josep Pastor","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13347","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 10-year-old neutered male Maltese dog was presented for an investigation of lymphocytosis. The dog was up-to-date on vaccinations and deworming. Physical examination did not reveal any significant abnormalities. A complete blood cell count (CBC) showed mild leukocytosis with moderate lymphocytosis, basophilia, and moderate neutropenia, but no significant left shift or toxic change. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis were unremarkable. All performed tests for infectious agents common in this geographical region were negative. No significant abnormalities were found on abdominal ultrasound examination. Multiparametric flow cytometry of peripheral blood showed a CD8⁺ T-cell lymphocytosis, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement revealed a clonal expansion of the T-cell receptor gamma chain genes. A clinical diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was made, and follow-up was recommended. On Day 48 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild non-regenerative anemia (NRA), moderate leucocytosis due to moderate to marked lymphocytosis, basophilia, and a marked increase in hyposegmented neutrophils with mild toxic change in the absence of neutrophilia or neutropenia. Treatment with chlorambucil and prednisolone was initiated. On Days 87 and 197 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild NRA, with progressively decreasing numbers of hyposegmented neutrophils. The dog remained without clinical signs. Basophilia and probable pseudo-Pelger–Huët anomaly were possibly secondary to CLL. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of these two hematologic conditions secondary to CLL in dogs. Recognition of a pseudo-Pelger–Huët anomaly is clinically relevant to avoid misinterpretation as a marked left shift due to severe inflammation and prevent unnecessary urgent therapeutic actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.13347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of blue-green blood leukocyte inclusions and accompanying clinical, hematologic, and serum biochemical changes in dogs","authors":"Kimberley N. Sebastian,&nbsp;Cynthia A. Lucidi,&nbsp;Michael A. Scott","doi":"10.1111/vcp.13348","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.13348","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lipofuscin-like cytoplasmic inclusions have been reported in human blood neutrophils and monocytes but have not been described in dogs. In people, these “green granules of death” have been associated with moderate to severe hepatocellular injury and high mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe clinicopathologic abnormalities, diagnoses, and outcomes of dogs with greenish inclusions in blood neutrophils or monocytes, and to determine if the inclusions have features of lipofuscin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical cases were identified prospectively through routine evaluation of CBC samples. Leukocyte inclusions were characterized with routine staining and assessed for iron and autofluorescence. Additional cases were identified by examination of archived blood smears from dogs meeting search criteria for hepatocellular injury, and clinicopathologic findings were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All 7 prospectively identified dogs with inclusions had inflammation and moderate to marked increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as did the 4 dogs identified from the 97 meeting retrospective search criteria. The inclusions were Prussian blue–negative (5/5) with broad-spectrum autofluorescence (5/5) and the appearance of lipofuscin with and without Wright staining. Most clinical diagnoses involved hepatic disorders (5/7 prospective and 3/4 retrospective cases) or pancreatitis (3/7 prospective and 2/4 retrospective cases), and some involved both; 8 of 11 dogs died within 7 days of admission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blue-green cytoplasmic inclusions uncommonly found in blood neutrophils ± monocytes of routine canine blood smears have stained and unstained properties of lipofuscin and suggest the presence of hepatocellular injury, often severe. Reporting these inclusions is recommended to guide clinical management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.13348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}