Veterinary clinical pathology最新文献

{"title":"In the Midst of a Cytokine Storm-The Hemophagocytic Syndrome (Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome).","authors":"Joanne B Messick","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS)/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by immune dysregulation, cytokine overproduction, hemophagocytosis, cytopenias, and multiorgan dysfunction. Although diagnostic criteria are established in human medicine, standardized criteria and validated biomarkers are lacking in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review the pathogenesis, clinical and clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, and differential diagnoses of HPS/HLH, with emphasis on dogs and cats, and to propose a framework for establishing standardized diagnostic criteria for canine HPS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human and veterinary literature on HLH, HPS, and macrophage activation syndrome was reviewed, including diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, bone marrow morphology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular diagnostics. Representative canine cases of secondary HPS and hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma were evaluated to illustrate diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPS results from dysregulated activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages, with interferon-γ playing a central role in sustaining hyperinflammation. In dogs and cats, HPS is most commonly associated with infections, neoplasia, and immune-mediated disease. Clinical and laboratory findings are nonspecific, and although hemophagocytosis supports the diagnosis, it is neither required nor sufficient to establish HPS. Distinguishing reactive HPS from histiocytic neoplasia and other non-neoplastic causes of hemophagocytic activity-including drug-associated changes, post-transfusion hemophagocytosis, and PIMA-associated histiocytic activity-requires integration of cytomorphology, tissue distribution, immunophenotyping, and molecular diagnostics. Human HLH-2004 criteria and the H-score provide useful diagnostic frameworks, but neither has been validated for veterinary species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HPS is a challenging and potentially fatal syndrome in dogs and cats, which requires comprehensive clinicopathologic evaluation. Prospective studies are needed to establish species-specific diagnostic criteria and validate quantitative morphologic, immunophenotypic, molecular, and biomarker-based approaches to distinguish HPS from infectious, immune-mediated, and neoplastic disorders in which phagocytic activity is prominent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Abnormal WDF Scattergram From the Sysmex XN-1000V in a Cat","authors":"Javier Martínez-Caro,&nbsp;Laura Chaves-Falcón,&nbsp;Marta Lemos,&nbsp;Xavier Roura,&nbsp;Luis Bosch,&nbsp;Josep Pastor","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 2-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthair cat was readmitted to our center for worsening of a feline respiratory disease complex. It was first presented 11 days earlier (Day 1) with a 1-week history of complaints of coughing, sneezing, abundant mucus production, open-mouth breathing, apathy, and anorexia. The cat was neither vaccinated nor dewormed. A FeLV/FIV screening test (SNAP Combo, IDEXX Laboratories) was performed with negative results. After 6 days of hospitalization with supportive care, the cat showed a good recovery and was discharged with oral medication consisting of doxycycline (5 mg/kg q12h), buprenorphine (0.015 mg/kg q8h), prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg q24h), nucleotides + AHCC (Impromune, ½ tablet q24h) and esophagostomy tube feeding. On readmission (Day 12), the physical examination revealed pink mucous membranes with mild periodontal secretion and gingival ulcers, adequate capillary refill time, weak pulse, rectal temperature of 35.5°C, and depressed mental status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On Days 1, 6, and 12, CBC and plasma biochemistry were performed on a ProCyte Dx and Catalyst DX (IDEXX, Westbrook, USA), respectively (Tables S1 and S2, Figure S1). The blood smears were not reviewed on Days 1 and 6. The CBC of Day 12 was repeated using the Sysmex XN-1000V (Sysmex Corporation, Norderstedt, Germany). Results are presented in Table S1 and WDF scattergrams in Figure 1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most clinically relevant hematological finding was the marked leukopenia. Causes of neutropenia include decreased release of neutrophils from the bone marrow, increased migration of neutrophils from the blood to peripheral tissues, destruction, or shift of neutrophils from the circulating to the marginating neutrophil pool [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Given the clinical signs, overwhelming inflammation was strongly suspected; possible causes include endotoxemia or sepsis [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Another possibility could be a parvoviral infection, but feline panleukopenia virus infection was not further investigated. The severe panleukopenia observed on both analyzers correlated with the degree of leukopenia observed in the blood smear review and was judged to be real. However, the question of how much contribution could be expected from the WBC being trapped by the fibrin aggregates remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mild thrombocytopenia may be artifactual if some degree of platelet clumping occurred inadvertently in vitro or may be due to increased platelet utilization. Other causes include increased platelet destruction, decreased bone marrow production, sequestration, and blood loss (which is unlikely due to a normal erythron) [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The presence of visible fibrin strands on the blood smears is often attributed to in vitro formation due to the partial clotting of the blood sample. However, fibrin strands can also be seen in patients with a hypercoagulable state [&lt;span&gt;6-8&lt;/span&gt;]. In this cat, the prominent amount of fibrin and the absence of visible platelet aggregation ","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S41-S45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? A Case of Extreme Thrombocytosis in a Dog","authors":"Stephanie F. Anderson,&nbsp;King Long Hannah Lee,&nbsp;Megan Dietz,&nbsp;Sarah Guess,&nbsp;Laura White,&nbsp;Mara S. Varvil","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70022","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;An 8-year-old female spayed American Pitbull Terrier was presented to the Washington State University Internal Medicine Service for evaluation of progressive lethargy and weight loss of one-month duration. On physical examination, the patient was pyrexic (103.9°F), had mild bilateral serous nasal discharge, and a grade II/VI left systolic heart murmur. CBC findings (ADVIA 2120) included a moderate, non-regenerative (reticulocytes 24 000/μL; reference interval [RI] 0–100 000/μL), macrocytic, hypochromic anemia, neutropenia (2156/μL; RI 2800–13 400/μL), lymphopenia (792/μL; RI 900–4000/μL), and basophilia (880/μL; RI 0–100/μL). A severe thrombocytosis (1 610 000/μL; RI 160 000–500 000/μL) with increased MPV (23.7 fL; RI 7.4–13 fL) was present. Serum chemistry findings (Dimension Xpand Plus) included hypocholesterolemia (111 mg/dL; RI 134–359 mg/dL), low BUN (7 mg/dL; RI 9–26 mg/dL), hypoalbuminemia (2.7 g/dL; RI 2.9–3.8 g/dL), hyperglobulinemia (4.9 g/dL; RI 2.3–4.2 g/dL) and hyperkalemia (8.2 mEq/L; RI 3.7–5.3 mEq/L). Other diagnostics included urinalysis (USG 1.017, otherwise unremarkable), thoracic radiographs (unremarkable), abdominal ultrasound (mild cranial mesenteric lymphadenopathy and mottled splenic echotexture), and echocardiogram (heart murmur likely physiological). Subsequent tests included baseline cortisol (3.65 μg/dL; RI 1–6 μg/dL, Immulite 1000), infectious disease SNAP (IDEXX 4Dx for &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma phagocytophilum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma platys&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ehrlichia canis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ehrlichia ewingii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Borrelia burgdorferi&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Dirofilaria immitis&lt;/i&gt;—all negative), and hepatic and splenic fine needle aspirate cytology (interpreted as mild and marked megakaryocyte-predominant extramedullary hematopoiesis, respectively). Bone marrow aspirate cytology (Figures 1 and 2) and core histopathology were pursued.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hypercellular bone marrow with markedly increased megakaryopoiesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aspirates contained occasional particles of very densely stained nucleated cells. The particles were markedly hypercellular, with approximately 90% of the particles being composed of nucleated cells. Iron stores were evident within the particles. Megakaryocytes were markedly increased, with approximately 20–30 noted per particle. Morphologic assessment was limited due to the quality of the sample; however, megakaryocytes considered adequate for evaluation consisted of approximately 95% mature cells, characterized by an abundant amount of eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm with hyperlobulated nuclei and coarsely reticular chromatin. Abundant platelets were observed with rare pro-platelet cylinders. Further cytologic evaluation, including myeloid to erythroid ratio and additional hematopoietic cell morphology, was precluded by the overly dense staining characteristics of the sample.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bone marrow core biopsies were submitted for histologic evaluation. The bone marrow was hypercellular for age (80%–90%) with trilineage hematopoiesis and &lt; 5% tot","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S52-S55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Salivary Gland Mass in a Dog","authors":"Hyeonseung Back,&nbsp;Jihun Won,&nbsp;Taekun Kim,&nbsp;Yongsun Kim,&nbsp;Ulsoo Choi","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70091","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 10-year-old spayed female German Shepherd dog was referred to BON Animal Medical Center for a mass extending from the facial region into the oral cavity. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large mass with fat to soft tissue density involving the left buccal region, soft palate, zygomatic gland, and between muscle layers (Figure 1). The portion extending toward the soft palate protruded into the nasopharyngeal area, partially narrowing the lumen. Surgical excision included removal of the affected zygomatic gland. The excised mass was subjected to fine-needle aspiration and cytologic examination at the clinic (Figure 2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for evaluation. Histopathology showed multiple hypercellular lobules composed of well-differentiated adipocytes that disrupted and separated salivary gland lobes (Figure 3). Salivary gland lobes were sometimes atrophic and surrounded by fibroplasia, and no cellular atypia or mitotic activity was observed. Histologic margins consisted of normal adipose tissues. These findings were consistent with salivary gland lipomatosis. The patient recovered uneventfully from surgery and remained clinically healthy without any signs of recurrence or complications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Salivary gland lipomatosis, which could be considered a benign-like tumor-like lesion with an incompletely understood pathophysiology, is a rare condition in dogs. Several hypotheses have been proposed, suggesting that the condition may be secondary to an underlying obstructive or inflammatory disease of the gland [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Obesity has also been proposed as a contributing factor [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Rather than forming a discrete mass, grossly it presents as diffuse enlargement of the salivary gland, typically occurring unilaterally and progressing slowly [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Histopathologically, salivary gland lipomatosis is characterized by the infiltration of well-differentiated adipocytes within the salivary gland, which separates individual serous lobules into varying sizes. Typically, the glandular cells show no pathologic changes. However, some inflammatory foci and secondary changes, such as acinar atropy and fibrosis, can be observed [&lt;span&gt;1, 2, 5&lt;/span&gt;]. Additionally, although salivary gland lipomatosis is typically not associated with a distinct peripheral capsule, there have been reported cases in which capsule formations has been described [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Surgical excision is curative if complete margins are achieved. Local recurrence is not expected [&lt;span&gt;1, 4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This condition should be differentiated from other histologically similar lesions, such as infiltrative lipoma and sialolipoma [&lt;span&gt;1, 4&lt;/span&gt;]. Infiltrative lipoma is a benign variant of adipose tumor that forms a discrete mass and infiltrates surrounding tissues, whereas lipomatosis is characterized by the absence of discrete mass formation. In this c","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S9-S11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Dermal Mass From the Left Forelimb of a Dog","authors":"Heather D. McDavid,&nbsp;Miranda D. Vieson,&nbsp;Robert Armentano,&nbsp;Nicholas T. Noto","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70057","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;An 8-year-old male neutered Dalmatian presented to a specialty referral hospital for a recheck of ammonium urate uroliths secondary to hyperuricosuria. The patient's urinary stones have been well managed with low-dose allopurinol and a urinary diet since April of 2023. At the current recheck, the owners noted a dermal mass on the left forelimb that had been recently growing. The clinician described a 1.4 × 1.4 cm dermal mass on the dorsal left carpus with no associated lameness or pain. Additional physical examination abnormalities included a small alopecic area on the dorsum of the head and a mildly bowlegged hind stance. The patient has a history of a hemangioma removed from the dermis just cranial to the prepuce in November of 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A fine-needle aspirate of the left forelimb mass was submitted for cytologic evaluation (Figure 1). The clinician noted that the mass was very firm, and it was difficult to retrieve material from the mass upon aspiration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Biopsy with histopathology of the left forelimb mass was elected. On histopathologic evaluation, there was a dome-shaped appearance to the epidermis due to distention of multiple follicular infundibula by clear space and widening of follicular ostia (Figure 2). The hair follicles were slightly thickened and elongated with enlarged hair bulbs and thickened shafts (Figure 3). Rarely, the follicles were surrounded by a few concentric layers of fibrosis. The microscopic diagnosis was follicular hamartoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Follicular hamartomas (FH), also known as follicular nevi, are non-neoplastic [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] and have been referred to as “cosmetic blemishes”[&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. FHs have no known etiology, and breed, sex, or site predilection has not been described [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. They are very uncommon in animals [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]; in a study documenting 81 cases of nevi and cutaneous hamartomas in dogs, only two dogs were diagnosed with FHs, while the others had more common lesions such as fibroadnexal hamartomas [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. If left untreated, FHs may predispose the animal to secondary infections and can become regionally extensive; therefore, surgical excision [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;] may be elected. The gold standard for diagnosis is surgical biopsy with histopathology [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grossly, these lesions are typically thick, irregular, plaque-like nodules that can be several centimeters in diameter [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. Over time, these nodules can increase and expand in size. The thickened skin has been compared to having the appearance of an orange peel [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] or even tiny pebbles [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Furthermore, the lesions feel firm and have the texture of a brush due to the accumulation of many follicles [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Histologically, FHs are composed of clusters of anagen hair follicles that, while normal in architecture, are larger and more extensive than usual. These follicles usually resemble primary hair follicles [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;] that all look ","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S30-S32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Fine-Needle Aspirate From a Lingual Mass in a Cat","authors":"Emma Stacey,&nbsp;Andrii Trokoz,&nbsp;Kimberly Williams,&nbsp;Dorothee Bienzle","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70040","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 15-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was drooling and had difficulty eating for 1 month. The cat had a history of intermittent upper respiratory disease since being a kitten, but no signs of respiratory illness during the prior year. On physical examination, an ulcer (~1 × 1 cm) in the center of the dorsal aspect of the tongue and a mass on the ventral aspect of the tongue were noted. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and buprenorphine therapy were initiated. Clinical signs and lesion appearance did not improve after 1 week. Chest radiographs at this time revealed a mass (~1.3 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) in the right caudal lung lobe, and doxycycline therapy was initiated. Reassessment after another week also showed no improvement in clinical signs, and the cat was referred. During physical examination at the Ontario Veterinary College teaching hospital, the previously noted tongue lesion and hypersalivation were confirmed. Point-of-care laboratory and bi-cavitary ultrasound assessment did not show abnormalities. Review of the prior radiographs considered the lung mass to be most compatible with a neoplasm. The cat was anesthetized for placement of an esophageal feeding tube, and aspiration and punch biopsy of the lingual mass (Figure 1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aspirate of the tongue mass yielded moderately cellular slides with mild blood contamination, suppurative inflammation, and necrotic debris. Neither erythrophagia nor heme pigments were noted. Multiple, variably sized clusters of cohesive epithelial cells with a polygonal shape, distinct cell borders, and small amounts of basophilic cytoplasm were present. The nuclei were round to oval with fine chromatin and a single, prominent, centrally located nucleolus. Admixed throughout the background were occasional vacuolated macrophages and non-degenerate neutrophils. Cells in some clusters had perinuclear vacuoles, and there was up to threefold anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. The cytologic interpretation was carcinoma with pyogranulomatous inflammation and necrosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sections from the incisional biopsy showed a poorly circumscribed mass composed of neoplastic cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells arranged in tubules and clusters located in the subepithelial stroma (Figure 2). Cells had a small amount of cytoplasm and large round to oval nuclei with a prominent central nucleolus. There was up to threefold anisokaryosis, and mitotic figures were readily identified. Collagen bundles dissected the clusters of epithelial cells and were admixed with neutrophils, fibrin, and cellular debris. The interpretation was adenocarcinoma with necrosis and glossitis. Since the upper surface of the tongue is devoid of glands, the mass was considered most likely a metastatic lesion. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cytokeratin-7 (CK-7) and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) showed cytoplasmic labeling for CK-7 and absence of TTF-1, consistent with an epithelial neoplasm of non-pulmonary origin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therapy with toceran","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S49-S51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Marked Discrepancy Between Sysmex XN-9100V Platelet Optical (PLT-O) and Platelet Impedance (PLT-I) Measurements in a Dog","authors":"Jelena Palić","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S33-S36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Lymph Node Aspirates From a Dog","authors":"Gillian Herbert,&nbsp;Kristina Meichner,&nbsp;Emily Rout,&nbsp;Troy Myers,&nbsp;Mackenzie Long","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70061","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 10-year-old intact male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented to his primary veterinarian for mild generalized peripheral lymphadenomegaly first noticed by his owner the previous week. Previous medical history included grade IV dental disease and presumptive mitral valvular dysplasia, but he was otherwise free of clinical signs at the time of presentation. Pertinent CBC findings revealed a mild normocytic, normochromic anemia (hematocrit 37.8%; reference interval [RI]: 38.3%–56.5%), an eosinopenia (0.028 K/μL; RI 0.07–1.49 K/μL), and a moderate thrombocytopenia (75 K/μL; RI 143–448 K/μL). Lymphocytes were within the reference interval (2.918 K/μL; RI 1.06–4.95 K/μL). The thrombocytopenia was confirmed on manual blood smear review; however, it consisted of large platelets, and platelet mass was estimated to be adequate. The biochemistry profile was unremarkable except for mildly increased alkaline phosphatase activity (167 U/L; RI 5–160 U/L). Serology results for &lt;i&gt;Ehrlichia canis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ehrlichia ewingii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Borrelia burgdorferi&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma phagocytophilum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma platys&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;and Dirofilaria immitis&lt;/i&gt; (SNAP 4Dx Plus Test, IDEXX Laboratories) were negative. Fine-needle aspirate biopsy samples from the enlarged prescapular and popliteal lymph nodes were submitted to the University of Georgia, Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for cytologic evaluation (Figure 1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cytology of the prescapular lymph node (Figure 2A) consisted predominantly of small to intermediate lymphocytes (arrows) with a moderate number of erythrocytes and few free cytoplasmic fragments. These lymphocytes contained an asymmetric expansion of pale to lightly basophilic cytoplasm (pseudopods). The round to oval eccentric nucleus contained fine chromatin and indistinct nucleoli. Rare large lymphocytes (arrow heads) with scant, deeply basophilic cytoplasm and a perinuclear clear zone were observed. The round eccentric nucleus contained fine chromatin and multiple variably sized, distinct nucleoli. Cytology of the popliteal lymph node (Figure 2B) revealed an expansion of intermediate to large lymphocytes (arrowheads) with a morphology comparable to that of the large lymphocytes reported in the prescapular lymph node. The background contained mild blood contamination and numerous free cytoplasmic fragments. Occasional bizarre mitotic figures were seen. These findings were interpreted as concerning for both T-zone and large cell lymphoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flow cytometry was performed on both lymph node fine-needle aspirate biopsy samples through the Clinical Flow Cytometry Service at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. The prescapular lymph node (Figure 3A) was interpreted as a probable emerging B-cell lymphoma (BCL) based on the expansion of large B-cells (~50%) and suspected concurrent T-zone lymphoma (TZL) based on the population of T-zone cells (~40%) with phenotypes as previously described. The popliteal lymph node (Figure 3B) ","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S19-S22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Splenic Mass in an African Pygmy Hedgehog","authors":"Gabriela Hartmann,&nbsp;Milena Carolina Paz,&nbsp;Paola Sônego,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Contri Natal,&nbsp;Lívia Surita,&nbsp;Marcele Bettim Bandinelli,&nbsp;Luciana Sonne","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 5-year-old male African pygmy hedgehog (&lt;i&gt;Atelerix albiventris&lt;/i&gt;) was presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with a 7-day history of prostration. After 2 days of anorexia, the patient died, and the corpse was sent to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Postmortem examination revealed marked diffuse splenomegaly. The spleen had rounded edges, measured 7 × 2.3 × 1.5 cm, and there were multiple white, elevated, soft, often coalescent masses (Figure 1). Fine-needle aspirate samples were collected from the spleen in less than 1 h after the hedgehog's death, and the smears were stained with an aqueous Romanowsky stain (Panótico Rápido) for the cytologic evaluation (Figure 2). Additional gross findings included a 0.5 cm diameter white firm nodule in the right medial hepatic lobe and multiple white, firm, up to 1 mm nodules in the lungs. Tissue samples of the spleen, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, small and large intestines, adrenal glands, urinary bladder, pancreas, bone marrow, lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland, and encephalon were collected for histopathology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On histopathology, the splenic parenchyma was almost completely effaced by a poorly demarcated, unencapsulated, neoplastic proliferation of neuroendocrine-type cells arranged in packets, separated by a delicate fibrovascular stroma (Figure 3). Neoplastic cells were polygonal, with a moderate amount of finely granular, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders. The nuclei were round to oval, with finely stippled chromatin and 1–2 prominent nucleoli. Anisocytosis was mild, anisokaryosis was moderate, and 12 mitotic figures were seen in 2.37 mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. In the adjacent parenchyma, there were scattered areas of necrosis, foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis, and hemorrhage. In the liver and lung sections, there were multifocal areas of similar neoplastic proliferation (Figure 3).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multiple spleen, liver, and lung sections were submitted to immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal mouse anti-human pan-cytokeratin antibody (Dako; AE1/AE3; ready-to-use), a monoclonal mouse anti-human vimentin antibody (Invitrogen; V9; 1:200), a monoclonal mouse anti-human synaptophysin antibody (Dako Omnis; DAK-SYNAP; ready-to-use), and a monoclonal mouse anti-human neuron-specific enolase antibody (DakoCytomation; BBS/NC/VI-H14; 1:200). The antibodies were validated in the species with internal positive controls. Normal hedgehog's pancreas and adrenal gland sections were used for the neuroendocrine markers and lung sections for pan-cytokeratin and vimentin. About 40% of the neoplastic cells from the splenic mass and lung and liver metastases expressed moderate, focal cytoplasmic pan-cytokeratin immunolabeling (Figure 3), over 95% of the cells showed intense cytoplasmic synaptophysin immunolabeling (Figure 3), and about 30% presented weak-to-moderate cytoplasmic neuron-specific enolase immunolabeling (Fi","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S70-S73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Cutaneous Mass in a Dog","authors":"Ester Quilez,&nbsp;Shannon L. Donahoe","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 5-year-old female neutered miniature dachshund was presented to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Camden (UVTHC) at Sydney University with a cutaneous mass on her dorsal neck. The patient had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and treated with cyclosporin for the past 7 months and appeared otherwise healthy with no significant clinical symptoms or abnormalities noted during the physical exam. Cytology smears from fine-needle aspirates were examined. Photomicrographs are shown below (Figure 1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cytologic interpretation: Most likely panniculitis. Concern for underlying round cell neoplasia, particularly cutaneous lymphoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The slides showed low nucleated cellularity with fair preservation and against a highly vacuolated and proteinaceous basophilic background that contained frequent pale basophilic cytoplasmic fragments [lymphoglandular bodies], many bare nuclei and degenerated cells, and rare ribbons of pale pink fibrillar material [collagen]. The cells consisted of pleomorphic round cells present individually and in small aggregates admixed with low numbers of non-degenerated neutrophils, and macrophages/histiocytes, fewer eosinophils and small lymphocytes, and rare mast cells. Moderate numbers of adipocytes were seen in poorly preserved aggregates frequently intermixed with inflammatory cells. The pleomorphic round cells varied in size (12–16 μm) and showed a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, moderately basophilic cytoplasm, irregular nuclear shapes, fine to coarse chromatin, distinct large nucleoli often bizarrely shaped, and often prominent anisonucleoliosis. There was moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. These cells were likely of lymphoid origin, though some resembled histiocytic cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mass (2.0 × 1.5 cm) was surgically excised with minimal margins and submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Histologically, it was characterized by a dense infiltrate of atypical pleomorphic round cells extending into the subcutaneous tissue, fat lobules, and deep dermis, occasionally rimming adipocytes (Figure 2). The cells ranged from small to intermediate in size, with irregularly round to oval nuclei, and showed moderate anisokaryosis and mild anisocytosis. Thirty mitotic figures, including some atypical ones, were observed in a 2.37 mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; area. Additionally, there were variable numbers of larger cells resembling histiocytes/macrophages, fewer mast cells, a few neutrophils, scattered plasma cells and eosinophils. Immunohistochemistry (Figure 3) showed that the atypical pleomorphic round cells were CD3 (1:500; polyclonal rabbit anti-human CD3; Dako) positive but CD79b (AT107-2; 1:20000; monoclonal antibody; BioRad) negative, with occasional CD79b immunopositive cells (presumably resident B lymphocytes). Additionally, the presumed histiocytes/macrophages present in both the subcutaneous infiltrates and dermis showed Iba1 (1:200; concentrated polyclonal antibody; Biocare Medical) cytoplasmic immunoreac","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"55 S1","pages":"S23-S26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vcp.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}