{"title":"[Anatomical and functional outcomes of full-thickness macular hole treatment using the optimized method of autologous retinal transplantation (preliminary report)].","authors":"D V Petrachkov, K V Baryshev, A V Kuznetsov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514104180","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514104180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of autologous neurosensory retinal transplantation (ANRT) into vitreoretinal surgery has significantly improved the success rates of closure of refractory full-thickness macular holes (FTMH). In recent years, the technique has gained wide acceptance and its indications have expanded; however, certain aspects remain debatable - particularly the optimal graft size to ensure the best anatomical and functional outcomes. To address this issue, the study proposes a surgical technique for treating FTMH using ANRT that involves precise marking of the neurosensory retinal graft. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in a series of three clinical cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 4","pages":"80-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Surgical treatment of central corneal opacities in Salzmann's degeneration].","authors":"S V Trufanov, I A Riks","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514102175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514102175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salzmann's nodular degeneration (SND) is a condition characterized by superficial subepithelial fibrosis of the cornea. Surgical treatment of SND usually consists of manual keratectomy of fibrotic nodules. When stromal layers of the optical zone are involved in the pathologic process, more technically complicated approaches may be preferred.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of surgical treatment of central corneal opacities in SND.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study analyzed surgical treatment outcomes of 61 eyes in 46 patients following the removal of centrally located fibrous nodules in the anterior stromal layers. Patients were divided into two groups based on the depth of stromal involvement. Patients of group 1 had stromal lesion depth up to 70 μm and underwent either phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) (subgroup 1a - 22 eyes) or automated microkeratome-assisted keratectomy (subgroup 1b - 13 eyes). Group 2 included patients with the depth of stromal layers lesion more than 70 μm, they underwent automated anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) using a microkeratome head of either 130 μm (subgroup 2a - 14 eyes) or 200 μm (subgroup 2b - 12 eyes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In group 1, both methods of keratectomy significantly improved visual acuity. Postoperative sphere-equivalent (SE), astigmatism and keratometry values showed no significant differences between PTK and automated keratectomy. Rate of epithelialization was significantly higher after PTK. In group 2, postoperative visual acuity, SE, astigmatism and keratometry readings had no statistically significant differences between the subgroups. ALK performed using a 200 μm head with graft fixation by continuous suture resulted in a smaller variation of astigmatism values.</p><p><p>All patients were prescribed Stillavit or Stillavit Intensiv, which promoted rapid recovery of corneal epithelium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both keratectomy techniques can be effectively used in clinical practice depending on equipment availability. Although ALK with a 200-μm microkeratome head demonstrated more predictable outcomes, further improvement of thin-flap techniques will be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[OCT patterns as a source of errors in the diagnosis of intraocular tumors].","authors":"A S Stoyukhina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514103163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514103163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the abundance of publications, the interpretation of imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) remains challenging in the differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors (IOTs), particularly - early choroidal melanomas. This article analyzes OCT findings in 15 patients whose initial diagnosis of \"choroidal hemangioma\" was revised to \"choroidal melanoma\" in 11 cases and to \"progressive nevus\" in 4 cases. The mean tumor prominence was 2.22±0.82 mm, and the mean diameter was 8.01±2.72 mm. The analysis identified OCT patterns frequently responsible for diagnostic errors, such as cystoid changes and the \"subretinal cleft.\" Therefore, for accurate diagnosis and to avoid treatment planning errors, OCT findings must be interpreted in conjunction with fundus examination and in the context of patient's medical history.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 3","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L V Reznikova, T Yu Degtyarevskaya, M B Kuchminskaya, N V Samburova, A E Aslamazova
{"title":"[Ocular manifestations and genetic aspects of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome].","authors":"L V Reznikova, T Yu Degtyarevskaya, M B Kuchminskaya, N V Samburova, A E Aslamazova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514103154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514103154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue diseases characterized by abnormal collagen synthesis and affecting various organs, including the eyes. This review analyses the current data on this disease, focusing on EDS types associated with ophthalmological manifestations: brittle cornea syndrome, kyphoscoliotic, musculocontractural, spondylodysplastic, dermatosparaxis, vascular, and classical types. The article describes ophthalmological diagnostic criteria for the different types of EDS and lists other possible ocular symptoms. The review also emphasizes the need for molecular genetic testing for accurate diagnosis in view of the difficulty in identifying specific genes encoding collagen or collagen interacting proteins, highlights the importance of timely treatment and describes methods of correcting visual disturbances, which are important for preventing severe complications such as globe rupture and retinal detachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 3","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Clinical experience with 0.01% atropine for myopia control in children in Azerbaijan].","authors":"A P Galbinur","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514104129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514104129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated changes in ocular parameters in patients with progressive myopia receiving 0.01% atropine.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 35 children (18 girls, 51.4%; and 17 boys, 48.6%) aged 4-15 years. Among them, 20 (57.2%) had one myopic parent and 2 (5.7%) had both parents with myopia. The study consisted of four stages: stage 1 - initial examination; stage 2 - follow-up after 8 months without treatment; stage 3 - follow-up after 12 months of treatment; stage 4 - follow-up 6 months after treatment cessation. Atropine 0.01% was instilled daily at bedtime in four courses of 1.5 months each, totaling 12 months of follow-up. All patients had an astigmatic component.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At stage 2, nearly all children showed progression of myopia, with a statistically significant increase in spherical equivalent in 63 (90%) eyes by an average of 0.70 D (<i>p</i>=0.000; <i>p</i><0.001). A similar trend was observed in axial length, which increased by 0.35±0.09 mm (<i>p</i>=0.000; <i>p</i><0.001). At stage 3, stabilization was observed in both spherical equivalent and axial length. The mean difference in spherical equivalent between stages 2 and 3 was minor (-0.08 D) and not statistically significant (<i>p</i>=0.127; <i>p</i><0.050). Stabilization was also noted for axial length, with a change of 0.04 mm (<i>p</i>=0.034; <i>p</i><0.050). Differences between stages 3 and 4 in spherical equivalent were minimal and statistically insignificant (-0.01 D; <i>p</i>=0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of 0.01% atropine over one year in four 1.5-month courses stabilizes the progression of myopia in children. This method is an effective and acceptable option for controlling myopia in preschool and school-aged children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 4","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The role of meibum proteins in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction].","authors":"T N Safonova, G V Zaitseva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101170","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteins and lipids in the meibum help maintain the balanced chemical composition of the tear film. However, the secretion of the meibomian glands contains various protein fractions, the function and effects of which on the lipid profile remain incompletely understood. This literature review provides a description of the main proteins of the meibum and their roles in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction associated with age-related changes and metabolic disorders that lead to impaired tear film functionality. The article also analyzes modern methods for studying meibomian gland secretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Association between integrity of foveal photoreceptors and ultimate visual outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration].","authors":"A Jatoi","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101132","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the clinical features and outcome dimensions of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 80 subjects diagnosed with nAMD. The patients received successful treatment through intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. The subjects were classified into three groups based on the final integrity of their inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) layer of the retina, assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This classification helped to understand the extent of retinal damage and the progression of nAMD. The primary evaluation was to examine the association between final IS/OS integrity and final visual acuity in the groups. The study also evaluated foveal microstructures (choroidal neovascularization size, external limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer thickness, and central macular thickness) at the initial and final visits, and their relationships with final IS/OS integrity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a significant association (P<0.001) between final visual acuity and IS/OS integrity. The V group had the best visual acuity (0.12±0.09) compared to the P group (0.39±0.45) and I group (0.92±0.42). Improved visual acuity was strongly correlated with less disrupted IS/OS and ELM. Intact photoreceptor integrity was linked to preserved IS/OS and ELM, thinner CMT, and shorter CNV height before treatment. However, photoreceptor integrity was not significantly correlated with CMT, RPE regularity, or ONL thickness at the final examination, suggesting it may be independently affected by nAMD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Final visual acuity in nAMD patients post-treatment was strongly linked to foveal photoreceptor integrity. Photoreceptor integrity correlated with initial visual acuity, CMT, ELM integrity, CNV height, and IS/OS layer integrity. These factors can predict visual outcomes after resolution of exudaiton.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Application of neural networks for improving the methods of assessment of corneal nerve fibers (preliminary report)].","authors":"S E Avetisov, Z V Surnina, S Georgiev","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2025141021117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2025141021117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Processing large datasets using artificial intelligence is a promising approach in disease diagnosis and monitoring that focuses on improving research algorithms for existing technologies. Interest in studying corneal nerve fibers (CNFs) arises not only from the need to understand the pathogenesis and progression of various ocular diseases but also from the potential for thin, unmyelinated corneal nerves to be used as biomarkers for systemic polyneuropathies.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the preliminary results of using a neural network-based algorithm for analysis of confocal images of CNFs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The comparative study of CNFs was conducted in a group of 50 healthy volunteers (100 eyes) aged 25 to 55 years without concomitant ocular or systemic diseases. Confocal microscopy of the central cornea was performed to assess the state of CNFs. Image analysis and nerve recognition were carried out using special software (Liner calculate, Liner 1.2S) and a newly developed neural network-based algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study considered suitable encoders for image processing, including ResNet_50, VGG_16, and InceptionResNetV2. Among these, images processed with the VGG_16 encoder in Imagenet mode demonstrated the highest quality. Quantitative CNF parameters (length and density of the main trunks, macrophage count, anisotropy and symmetry coefficients) were comparable between the regular software and the neural network-based algorithm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate the potential of using neural networks, particularly the VGG_16 encoder family, for structural assessment of the CNFs. Key advantages of the proposed algorithm include improved quality of image interpretation and reduced time required for analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A A Voskresenskaya, M B Sarkizova, N S Khodzhaev, D A Kudlay, S A Kakunina, A Yu Borozinets, N A Pozdeyeva
{"title":"[Biosimilars of ranibizumab in retinal diseases: new possibilities in ophthalmology].","authors":"A A Voskresenskaya, M B Sarkizova, N S Khodzhaev, D A Kudlay, S A Kakunina, A Yu Borozinets, N A Pozdeyeva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2025141021106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2025141021106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of biological therapeutic agents has provided new opportunities for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). The emergence of biosimilars of anti-VEGF agents can significantly improve treatment accessibility and its effectiveness by increasing patient adherence. The development of biosimilars involves comparative studies with the original drug to establish equivalence in physicochemical and biological properties, efficacy, and safety. Biosimilar development programs include extensive analytical and preclinical studies to compare structural and functional components with the original bioproduct, and clinical trials are conducted to prove bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence. The process of development and registration of the biosimilars is strictly regulated and has no significant differences in Russia, the EU and the US. Currently, more than 10 biosimilars of ranibizumab have been approved worldwide, in Russia it is the drug Laxolan (AO GENERIUM). The introduction of a domestic biosimilar of ranibizumab into clinical practice allows reduction of the costs of retinal disease treatment while maintaining the efficacy and safety of antiangiogenic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E B Myakoshina, S V Saakyan, R A Tatskov, A Yu Tsygankov
{"title":"[Morphometric analysis of small retinoblastomas following combination chemotherapy].","authors":"E B Myakoshina, S V Saakyan, R A Tatskov, A Yu Tsygankov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514102138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514102138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, the nature of micro-level changes in retinoblastoma (RB) foci following combination chemotherapy (CT) remains poorly studied.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study analyzed the morphometric characteristics of small RBs in children who underwent combination CT.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 31 patients - 17 girls and 14 boys (<i>n</i>=31) - who had undergone combination CT and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). The children's ages ranged from 1 to 20 months (mean 9.7±6.9 months). The average follow-up period was 60.8±4.6 months. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed for tumors located in the central parts of the ocular fundus and in the middle periphery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean tumor height (prominence) was 2154±29 µm, and the mean basal diameter was 7998±122 µm. Microcalcifications (<i>n</i>=5; 16.1%) and confluent calcifications (<i>n</i>=26; 83.9%) were visualized in the tumor stroma, producing \"shadow track\" effects in these regions; confluent calcifications were observed in 83.9% (<i>n</i>=26) of cases, while microcalcifications were detected in 16.1% (<i>n</i>=5). All examined tumors were highly reflective. The incidence of endophytic and exophytic growth patterns was 65.6% and 34.4%, respectively. Detachment of the neuroepithelium above the tumor and in adjacent areas was diagnosed in 6.5% of cases. Additional morphometric characteristics of small RBs following combination CT included the formation of calcifications and hyperreflective changes in the inner, middle, and outer tumor layers, perifocal areas, and adjacent choroid in the area of neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to investigate the morphometric changes in small RBs following combination CT. These findings may aid in selecting the optimal method, parameters, and timing of focal therapy for more effective destruction of tumor foci.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}