Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration: challenges and prospects for prevention and treatment of combined pathology. Part 1. Epidemiology and pathogenesis].","authors":"N I Kurysheva, E V Maslova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142041112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2026142041112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in individuals over 60 years of age. This review consolidates current data on the epidemiology, shared genetic factors, and pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning their coexistence, and outlines prospects for personalized prevention and therapy. Common modifiable risk factors comprise cigarette smoking, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Chorioretinal hypoperfusion, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and impaired glymphatic elimination of amyloid contribute to neurodegeneration both in the macula and in the optic nerve area. Treatment prospects include comprehensive vascular and neuroprotective regimens, targeted complement modulation, and the use of polygenic risk scores for patient stratification and longitudinal monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Experimental evaluation of conjunctival reconstruction using a collagen membrane].","authors":"D A Krivolapova, A Yu Andreev, A M Subbot, S E Avetisov, E O Osidak","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142021122","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2026142021122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical reconstruction of the conjunctiva using collagen represents a promising approach due to its biocompatibility and capability to support intrinsic regeneration.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the effect of collagen membrane implantation on the healing of bulbar conjunctival defects in an <i>in vivo</i> experiment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted at the Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases on 32 Chinchilla rabbits (64 eyes). Bulbar conjunctival defects with diameters of 4, 5, and 6 mm were induced in animals of the control group, while a collagen membrane (CM) with a collagen concentration of 30 mg/ml was implanted in the experimental group. Efficacy criteria included the severity of vascular injection during healing, time to complete epithelialization, adaptation of the CM implant to the sclera, cellular integration into the membrane, and presence of fibrosis in the newly formed tissue. Biomicroscopy with photographic documentation and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (SOLIX, Optovue) were performed. Histological samples were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months of the follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the experimental group, no vascular injection was observed at 30 days, whereas the control group demonstrated persistent pronounced inflammatory response (Student's <i>t</i>-test: <i>p</i>=0.0015, <i>p</i><0.0001, <i>p</i><0.0001). Complete epithelialization occurred significantly earlier in the experimental group compared with the control group (10.31±2.0723 days vs 15.94±2.608 days, respectively; <i>p</i><0.0001, Wilcoxon test). OCT findings confirmed proper adaptation of the implant to the underlying sclera and the presence of epithelialization. At 3 months, histological examination demonstrated cellular migration into the CM, and at 6 months - complete restoration by newly formed native tissue without signs of fibrosis in the defect area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed surgical technique of collagen membrane implantation is effective and minimally traumatic. It represents a safe and efficient method that accelerates conjunctival defect healing and shows potential for its application in conjunctival reconstruction in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chronological patterns of lacrimal drainage obstruction following radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer].","authors":"V D Yartsev, E L Atkova, E A Ushakov, A A Trukhin, D V Yudakov, S V Grishkov, M S Sheremeta, M A Efremenko, P N Ilina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614202134","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614202134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer is associated with a risk of delayed complications affecting radiosensitive organs. One such complication is secondary obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system caused by accumulation of I-131 in the wall of the nasolacrimal duct, leading to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. However, the precise chronological pattern of this pathology's onset remains undefined.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the chronological patterns of lacrimal drainage obstruction following radioactive iodine therapy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective survey involved 375 patients who underwent a single course of radioactive iodine therapy between 2021 and 2025. The patients were stratified into five groups according to the time interval between therapy and survey: ≤6; 7-12; 13-24; 25-36; and 37-51 months. Obstruction was defined as epiphora graded 3-4 on the Munk scale. Statistical analysis included Pearson's <i>χ</i>² test, Fisher's exact test, and linear trend analysis (<i>p</i><0.05 was considered significant).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No cases of lacrimal drainage obstruction were identified within the first 6 months after therapy, then the frequency of complications increased progressively: 6.3% (7-12 months), 11.3% (13-24 months), and 13.6% (25-36 months), followed by a decrease to 7.5% (37-51 months). The association with time since radioactive iodine therapy was statistically significant (<i>p</i>=0.014; <i>p</i>=0.002). After 6 months, the association lost statistical significance (<i>p</i>=0.455), indicating risk stabilization. The probability of obstruction was significantly higher in men (<i>χ</i>²=5.637; <i>p</i>=0.018). The administered activity of I-131 had no statistically significant impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lacrimal drainage obstruction is a delayed complication of radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer, with a peak incidence at 25-36 months after treatment. The critical screening period is 6-51 months post-therapy. Early diagnosis and timely referral to an ophthalmologist improve the effectiveness of minimally invasive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical and morphological correlations of corneal repair in rabbits after modeling of stromal defect and tectonic keratoplasty using human lenticules].","authors":"A A Dolbilkin, A G Shchuko, T N Iureva, A V Shatskikh","doi":"10.17116/oftalma20261420215","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma20261420215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize structural changes in the rabbit cornea after tectonic keratoplasty using human lenticules and surface keratoplasty with Alloplant material based on <i>in vivo</i> anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological examination.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Thirty laboratory rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed were used. All animals were sexually mature males and were randomly assigned to three groups. In group 1, a mechanical corneal defect created by keratectomy using a trephine and dissector was replaced by suturing two decellularized human lenticules, forming a graft complex of the required thickness. In group 2, the defect was replaced in the same manner, but intact human lenticules were used as graft material. In group 3, the defect was covered with Alloplant material. For noninvasive postoperative assessment of corneal status, anterior segment OCT was performed on days 7, 30, and 60. Some animals were removed from the experiment at each time point: two animals per group on day 7, two per group on day 30, and six per group on day 60. Enucleated eyes were subjected to histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tectonic keratoplasty using decellularized lenticules (group 1) demonstrated superior outcomes compared with intact lenticules (group 2) and surface keratoplasty with Alloplant (group 3). Good graft integration with recipient tissues was observed, allowing compensation for the induced stromal defect. The postoperative period was characterized by moderate fibroplasia, the corneal surface remained smooth, no opacities developed, and by day 60 recipient keratocytes were detected within the lenticular tissue.</p><p><p>In group 2, pronounced immune aggression against the xenogeneic material resulted in insufficient graft integration, marked inflammatory response, corneal melting with the formation of descemetocele and iridocorneal adhesions, emphasizing the importance of reducing graft immunogenicity.</p><p><p>In group 3, persistence of stromal tissue deficiency was observed, and the defect zone had an irregular surface despite compensatory epithelial hyperplasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirms the feasibility of using a complex of decellularized lenticules for tectonic keratoplasty, with potential for application in clinical practice in situations of full-thickness graft shortage.</p><p><p>Anterior segment OCT proved informative for clinical corneal assessment, however, a comparative histological analysis revealed specific pathomorphological features of corneal repair after tectonic keratoplasty that may be valuable for future studies in the human population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Trends in glaucoma morbidity in Uzbekistan].","authors":"Kh M Kamilov, A F Yusupov, M S Kasimova, G Kh Khamraeva, F A Tursunova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142011108","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2026142011108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma remains one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss, making it one of the most pressing problems in modern public health.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to identify trends in glaucoma morbidity among adults, adolescents, and children in the Republic of Uzbekistan based on a comprehensive analysis of its prevalence.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study used statistical data from the Republican Medical Information Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2016-2022. Changes in glaucoma morbidity in 2017-2022 years were analyzed using statistical methods to identify trends and patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of changes in glaucoma prevalence demonstrated increases in 2016, 2018, and 2021, indicating the potential influence of factors affecting the conditions of glaucoma diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings confirm the growing relevance of glaucoma as a serious medical and social problem, particularly among the adult population. The results may serve as a basis for developing effective preventive measures and optimizing treatment strategies to reduce the rate of irreversible vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 1","pages":"108-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modern diagnostic methods for dislocation of the natural lens].","authors":"S E Avetisov, E A Chizhonkova, K S Avetisov, X I Isaakidis, T V Sharnina, F B Dudieva, H Ben Hadj Younes","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614205182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review presents the findings of studies on the clinical use of ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of natural lens dislocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: risk factors, mechanisms of development, and current options for prevention and treatment].","authors":"A Zh Fursova, M A Vasilyeva, A S Derbeneva, I M Amir, M S Tarasov, I F Nikulich, Yu A Karlash, E R Agamian","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142051122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2026142051122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of numerous randomized clinical trials and clinical practice have demonstrated the effect of angiogenesis inhibitors (anti-VEGF agents) on the activity and growth of the neovascular complex in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). At the same time, a reduction in the risk of macular fibrosis has been demonstrated, with its incidence decreasing from 39-100% in the \"pre-antiangiogenic era\" to 20.4-61.4% during anti-VEGF therapy. The main factors determining the risk of subretinal fibrosis are disease activity, timing of treatment initiation, treatment regimen and regularity, and type of drug. Fluctuations in retinal thickness and volatility of specific fluid compartments lead to an increase in the volume of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) and hinder complete restoration of ellipsoid zone integrity. Extensive investigation of the role of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in the development of fibrosis has shown that it acts not only as a cofactor of angiogenesis but also as an independent regulator of fibrogenesis through vascular destabilization with increased VEGF-mediated permeability and exudation, activation of macrophages and microglia with production of TGF-<i>β</i> and CTGF, as well as cross-talk with classical fibrotic pathways. The synergistic action of Ang-2 and VEGF-A promotes subretinal scarring and underscores the high potential of bispecific therapy for improving clinical outcomes in patients with nAMD. Compensatory activation of Ang-2 during anti-VEGF monotherapy may sustain tissue remodeling, contributing to the development of treatment resistance. Preclinical studies in models of choroidal neovascularization and clinical data on the effectiveness of faricimab 6 mg through dual Ang-2/VEGF-A inhibition have demonstrated not only superiority in controlling exudation and resolving retinal edema, but also a targeted effect on preventing proliferation and the development of subretinal fibrosis, as evidenced by a significant reduction in SHRM volume - a key precursor of fibrotic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiology and diagnostic methods of microbial keratitis].","authors":"E S Rodina, E I Fettser","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614203170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614203170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents epidemiological data on the prevalence, incidence, and main risk factors of microbial keratitis (MK). The study considers the main methods of ophthalmological and laboratory diagnosis, as well as their capabilities, sensitivity, and specificity. The review analyzes the challenges in the etiological diagnosis of MK to determine the optimal approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 3","pages":"70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Applied anatomy of the optic nerve].","authors":"S A Kutia, S S Yagyaeva, V V Vovk, O Ya Yarovaya","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614203179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614203179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review systematizes data on the anatomy of the optic nerve from an applied perspective. It describes in detail the embryogenesis, structure, and topography of each of its four segments (intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular, and intracranial). Considerable attention is paid to variations in the relationship between the optic nerve and the sphenoid sinus, taking into account the structural features of the latter. The review presents variations in the frequency of optic nerve types according to M.C. DeLano et al. (depending on their relationship with the sphenoid sinus), including in the presence of optic canal dehiscence, Onodi cells, and pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process; it also describes variants of the topography of the sphenoid sinus and the presence of additional septa within it.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 3","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Angioid streaks of the retina: diagnosis and treatment].","authors":"Yu Yusef, I V Andreeva, W Hamza","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614202192","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614202192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angioid streaks (AS) are irregular breaks in a calcified Bruch's membrane that appear as pigmented linear lesions radiating from the optic disc. In approximately 50% of cases, AS are associated with systemic diseases such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Paget's disease, various hemoglobinopathies, and they may also be idiopathic. Visual impairment in patients with AS is primarily related to the development of choroidal neovascularization along the streaks, followed by retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. Diagnosis of AS is based on clinical examination and modern imaging methods. This literature review summarizes current data on the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of diseases associated with AS, as well as treatment approaches, including anti-angiogenic therapy, and their potential complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}