Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Epigenetic markers of choroidal melanoma].","authors":"A F Brovkina, N D Tsybikova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma20241400315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma20241400315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides in length) that are important participants in the regulation of gene expression. In 2003, their active role in oncogenesis was demonstrated. In 2008, the first report on the isolation of miRNAs from uveal melanoma (UM) tissue was published. Four years later (2012), the presence of miRNAs in the plasma of patients with this category was shown. To date, changes in the expression level of 100 miRNAs in the plasma of cancer patients (with cancer of various localizations) out of the 2654 miRNAs described in mirbase.org have been proven. In the plasma of patients with UM, changes in the expression of only 13 miRNAs have been confirmed. As a rule, studies were conducted in patients at the stage of hematogenous metastasis of UM.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study analyzed the expression pattern of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in patients with localized choroidal melanoma (CM) taking into account biometric parameters in the absence of metastases.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Blood plasma of 84 patients with M₀N₀ CM aged 35-86 years (mean age 63.4±1.2 years) was investigated. The basis for the diagnosis of CM was the results of ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound scanning. In all cases, the absence of metastases was proven (using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Control - plasma of 28 volunteers (mean age 62.9±1.42 years, age range 45-78 years), who did not have tumoral, autoimmune, or chronic inflammatory processes. The expression levels of miRNAs circulating in blood plasma were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase in the expression levels of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in the plasma of all 84 patients with CM was confirmed compared to the control group. Features of the miRNA expression pattern that emerged with changes in the tumor's quantitative parameters were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluation of the levels of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in the blood plasma of patients with CM can be used in clinical practice to clarify the diagnosis of CM, as well as to predict the development of hematogenous metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 3","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Three-component tear substitute as preoperative support in glaucoma surgery].","authors":"N V Makashova, A E Vasillyeva, O Yu Kolosova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414003151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414003151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the effect of preoperative preparation with the three-component tear substitute Stillavit on the outcomes of glaucoma surgery in patients on long-term topical glaucoma therapy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 63 patients (63 eyes) with glaucoma, among them 30 (30 eyes) were women and 33 (33 eyes) were men. Group 1 consisted of 33 patients (33 eyes) receiving long-term topical antihypertensive therapy with preservatives and tear substitute Stillavit 3 times a day for 1 month as preoperative preparation. Group 2 included 30 patients (30 eyes) receiving similar antihypertensive therapy who were not prescribed preoperative medications. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination and computer tomography of the filtering blebs (FB) on Visante system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) before surgery, as well as 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation at 6 months postoperatively was significantly higher in the group that did not undergo preoperative preparation with a tear substitute, compared to the group of patients who received the tear substitute Stillavit preoperatively. According to anterior segment optical coherence tomography, a greater number of favorable diffuse FB were noted in the group that received the tear substitute Stillavit in preparation for surgery - 87.9%, while in group 2 (without preparation) - 66.7%. Odds ratio calculation between the two groups revealed that preoperative preparation with the tear substitute Stillavit reduced the odds of IOP elevation to 20 mm Hg or higher at 3 months postoperatively by more than 10 times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of tear substitute Stillavit in preparation for anti-glaucoma surgery reduces the chances of IOP elevation in the early postoperative period by more than 10 times, which may indicate a reduction in the rate of FB scarring due to the beneficial effect of the drug's components on the precorneal tear film.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 3","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of artificial intelligence in glaucoma. Part 1. Neural networks and deep learning in glaucoma screening and diagnosis].","authors":"N I Kurysheva, O Ye Rodionova, A L Pomerantsev, G A Sharova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414003182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414003182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews literature on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for screening, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of glaucoma. The first part of the review provides information how AI methods improve the effectiveness of glaucoma screening, presents the technologies using deep learning, including neural networks, for the analysis of big data obtained by methods of ocular imaging (fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography of the anterior and posterior eye segments, digital gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, etc.), including a multimodal approach. The results found in the reviewed literature are contradictory, indicating that improvement of the AI models requires further research and a standardized approach. The use of neural networks for timely detection of glaucoma based on multimodal imaging will reduce the risk of blindness associated with glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 3","pages":"82-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[First experience of implantation of extended depth of focus intraocular lenses in patients with glaucoma].","authors":"N Yu Gorbunova, R A Yakovlev, N A Pozdeyeva, N O Mikhailov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414003170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414003170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the effectiveness of implantation of extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOL) in patients with cataract and glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 13 patients (16 eyes) who underwent implantation of the Lentis Comfort EDOF IOL (Teleon Surgical BV, Netherlands). Standard phacoemulsification cataract surgery with IOL implantation was performed in a planned manner after the hypotensive surgery stage in two eyes; a combined procedure was performed in 14 cases. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), near visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with a Maklakov tonometer were assessed preoperatively, on the first day, and 3-6 months after surgery. Computer perimetry using the 30-2 program and spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) assessment were also performed preoperatively and at the same follow-up time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the first day after surgery, UCVA was 0.53±0.65, BCVA was 0.85±0.45. Near UCVA (at 40 cm) was 0.5±0.14 on the first day after surgery and 0.56±0.18 at 3-6 months. According to computer perimetry data, retinal light sensitivity values increased in all patients in the long-term (-3.1±2.9 dB). SCS values increased for objects of all sizes compared to preoperative values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implantation of EDOF IOL contributes to improved vision without reducing contrast sensitivity and retinal light sensitivity in patients with concomitant cataract and glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 3","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Risk factors associated with myopic maculopathy in acquired myopia].","authors":"O V Kolenko, L V Bushnina, I E Pashentsev, N V Pomytkina, E L Sorokin","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414005135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414005135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to identify factors associated with the development of myopic maculopathy (MM) in patients with acquired myopia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included a total of 135 patients (41 men, 94 women; 135 eyes) over 30 years old with acquired myopia and axial length (AL) of 26 mm. Forty-six patients had MM, while 89 (66%) had no macular changes. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and B-scan ultrasound of the eyes were performed to detect staphylomas of the posterior pole sclera. OCT was used to assess corneal stromal thickness and choroidal thickness. Corneal biomechanics were measured using the Corvis ST device, and ocular vessel hemodynamics were evaluated using color Doppler imaging. Binary logistic regression was employed, with a multivariable logistic model built for each of these potential risk factors, adjusted for sex, age, AL, and spherical equivalent (SE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, AL, SE, and extra-macular myopic changes were significantly associated with the presence of MM. Of the seven qualitative risk factors studied, the presence of extra-macular changes, staphyloma, and wide macular staphyloma localization were statistically significant. Among the quantitative factors, significant associations were found with the width and depth of staphyloma, the area of the ultrasound cross-section of staphyloma (W×D), choroidal thickness in all examined zones, all corneal stromal thickness parameters, corneal deformation amplitude (DA), curvature radius highest concavity (radius HC), and corneal peak distance (PD).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The statistically significant risk factors associated with MM were age, AL, SE, the presence and size of staphylomas, choroidal and corneal stromal thickness, as well as several parameters characterizing corneal biomechanical properties. The strongest associations with MM were found for corneal PD, staphyloma depth, and choroidal thickness in the nasal perifovea.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Surgical treatment of full-thickness macular holes with proliferative epiretinal structures (preliminary results)].","authors":"N M Shilov, A V Tereshchenko, E V Erokhina, M A Plakhotniy, S V Novikov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414005146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414005146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop a surgical technique for the treatment of full-thickness macular holes (MH) with proliferative epiretinal structures (epiretinal membrane (ERM) with or without epiretinal proliferation), and to assess its clinical efficacy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 34 patients (34 eyes) with secondary MH of small and medium diameter (minimum diameter ≤400 µm) with ERM structures. The main group consisted of 16 patients (16 eyes) who underwent surgical treatment using the developed technique of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM)/ERM flap, preserving an intact retinal zone 0.5 mm wide concentrically around the MH. The control group included 18 patients (18 eyes) who underwent surgery using the peeling technique, classic circular maculorrhexis, and tamponade of the vitreous cavity with a gas-air mixture (SF6).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperatively in all patients of the main group the edges of the hole were aligned with a preserved local hyporeflective area in the ellipsoid zone of the photoreceptors, and its size gradually decreased with the course of the follow-up (3, 6, and 12 months). The macular hole remained unclosed in two patients from the control group. In the main group there was a statistically significant increase in the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from 0.19±0.11 preoperatively to 0.57±0.21 by the end of the follow-up (<i>p</i><0.05). The improvement in BCVA in the main group was more pronounced compared to the control group (<i>p</i><0.05). The main group also showed a gradual increase in central retinal sensitivity at all follow-up points. The control group exhibited similar changes, but the increase in central retinal sensitivity was less significant compared to the main group (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed surgical technique allows achieving high anatomical and functional outcomes without prolonged vitreous cavity tamponade by removing all ERMs that create tangential traction at the edges of the hole, and peeling of the ILM, which serves as a substrate for the subsequent development of epiretinal fibrosis. Additionally, it delicately preserves the proliferative epiretinal tissue at the hole's edge and the retinal structures, establishing the long-term functional outcome of surgical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Heavy eye syndrome: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment].","authors":"S E Avetisov, S S Danilov, A S Shaltynov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140051112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140051112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy eye syndrome (HES) is an atypical form of strabismus, primarily caused by a significant elongation of the axial length of the eye, which leads to a disruption of normal topographic relationships between the posterior pole and the extraocular muscles. Clinical symptoms of HES include late-onset convergent strabismus (esotropia) with a vertical component and restricted ocular motility in the context of substantial eye enlargement associated with high myopia. Identification of the pathognomonic sign (dislocation of the posterior pole from the muscle cone) requires the use of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the orbits. Considering the mechanism of HES development, the surgical treatment of choice is various techniques for approximating the superior and lateral rectus muscles, which can be regarded as pathogenetically oriented treatment. If necessary, these procedures may be supplemented by classical interventions. The use of classical surgical techniques (recession and resection) as standalone first-stage treatments for HES is inadvisable, not only due to their insufficient efficacy but also because they may complicate subsequent pathogenetically oriented interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of iridotrabecular contact in primary angle closure].","authors":"N I Kurysheva, G A Sharova, L R Kalimullina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414006124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414006124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compares and evaluates the parameters of iridotrabecular contact (ITC) in patients with primary angle closure disease (PACD) with natural lenses and pseudophakia based on anterior segment imaging data from swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed data from 92 patients aged 32 to 89 years, and included 56 patients with PACD (43 with natural lenses and 13 with pseudophakia) and 36 in the control group (21 with natural lenses and 15 with pseudophakia). All participants underwent SS-OCT (CASIA2; Tomey Corporation, Japan), which included an assessment of the ITC Index and ITC Area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ITC parameters in PACD, both with and without pseudophakia, were significantly higher than in the corresponding control groups. In pseudophakic PACD patients, the ITC Index was 8.7±7.2%, and the ITC Area was 0.82±0.54 mm², compared to 0.00±0.00% and 0.00±0.00 mm² in the pseudophakic control group (all <i>p</i>=0.01). For the PACD group with natural lenses, the ITC Index was 45.4±21.8%, and the ITC Area was 5.81±3.9 mm², compared to 0.05±0.11% and 0.56±1.17 mm² in the corresponding control group (all <i>p</i>=0.00). Significantly higher ITC values were found in the PACD group with natural lenses compared to those with pseudophakia (ITC Index 45.4±21.8% vs. 8.7±7.2%, respectively, <i>p</i>=0.00; ITC Area 5.81±3.9 mm² vs. 0.82±0.54 mm², respectively, <i>p</i>=0.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significantly higher ITC values were demonstrated in PACD patients with natural lenses compared to those with pseudophakia. However, the persistence of residual angle closure in primary angle-closure glaucoma after lens extraction suggests the feasibility of proactive surgical intervention at earlier stages of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 6","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathogenetic aspects of diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser corneal refractive surgery].","authors":"E V Sukhanova, L S Pateyuk, M A Ivanova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140061131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140061131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review analyzes the primary etiological factors of diffuse lamellar keratitis following various laser corneal refractive surgery techniques. The use of advanced diagnostic methods such as optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemical methods has allowed for the identification of the main pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this condition, which will help improve the prevention, as well as assist with the development of optimal treatment strategies for this complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 6","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy].","authors":"N V Pomytkina, E L Sorokin","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140061145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140061145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the critical issue of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM), and describes the current understanding of the features of DM progression during pregnancy, as well as its pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, and preventive measures for manifestation and progression of DR during gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 6","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}