Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Iris melanoma: correlation of clinical, morphometric, pathomorphological features and infectious status].","authors":"E B Myakoshina, S V Saakyan, N V Balatskaya, G I Krichevskaya, E V Svetlova, I V Svirina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514101113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iris melanoma is a rare malignant tumor of melanocytic origin. Oncogenic viruses, whose invasion of the cell alters proliferation regulation mechanisms, play an important role in tumor development and progression.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify clinical, morphometric, and pathomorphological correlations with infectious status in patients with iris melanoma and to determine predictors of unfavorable prognosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixteen patients with iris melanoma were examined. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was performed using the RS-3000 Advance system (Nidek, Japan) with OCT-Angiography software. The specific humoral response to herpesviruses was assessed by detecting IgG and IgM antibodies in blood serum via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an automated immunoassay analyzer LAZURITE (Dynex Technologies Inc., USA). Statistical analysis employed Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>_s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Iris melanoma was predominantly observed in female patients (<i>n</i>=11) of advanced age (<i>n</i>=8). Biomicroscopy revealed 10 pigmented, 1 hypopigmented, and 5 non-pigmented tumors. The mean prominence on OCT was 1461.7±740.5 μm, the basal diameter was 3409.6±1822.8 μm, and the volume was 4.7±3.7 mm³. Ciliary body involvement was detected in 10 patients. Iris melanomas were classified as epithelioid-cell (<i>n</i>=1), spindle-cell (<i>n</i>=12), and mixed-cell (<i>n</i>=3) types. Extrabulbar growth was noted in three patients. Serological markers of viral reactivation were identified: herpes simplex virus type 1 (<i>n</i>=11) and type 2 (<i>n</i>=5), and cytomegalovirus (<i>n</i>=3).</p><p><p>Direct correlations (<i>r</i>_s=0.5-0.8) were identified between the presence of serological markers of herpesvirus reactivation and unfavorable prognostic features, including advanced age, maximum tumor basal diameter, ciliary body involvement, dense pigmentation, and extrabulbar growth. The mean follow-up period was 18.5±2.97 months, and all patients were alive, with no evidence of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrated a correlation between herpesvirus reactivation and unfavorable prognostic features of iris melanoma. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of the role of herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of iris melanoma and to develop personalized approaches to prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The results of fistulizing glaucoma surgeries in pseudophackic patients].","authors":"Yu G Kopchenova, M A Frolov, M P Tolstykh, A M Frolov, F T Dulani, L V Tebueva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514101145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the hypotensive efficacy of resorbable, slowly resorbable, and non-resorbable implants in the surgical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in pseudophakic patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study involved patients with pseudophakia and stage II-III POAG who underwent glaucoma surgeries using various types of implants. A total of 140 eyes were evaluated. Group 1 included patients with resorbable implants made of polylactide and polyethylene glycol (40 eyes, 28.3%); group 2 consisted of patients with partially resorbable hydrophilic collagen implants (40 eyes, 28.3%); group 3 comprised patients with non-resorbable collagen implants (40 eyes, 28.3%). The control group consisted of patients who underwent sinus trabeculectomy with basal iridectomy (STE+BI) without drainage implantation (20 eyes, 14.9%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After two years, intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased from 29.4±7.8 to 18.29±3.67 mm Hg in group 1, from 29.8±7.5 to 18.6±2.15 mm Hg in group 2, from 29.6±3.12 to 18.3±0.47 mm Hg in group 3, and from 31.6±4.8 to 20.6±3.95 mm Hg in the control group. These results correlated with hydrodynamic indicators assessed by tonography and examination of surgically created aqueous outflow pathways using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) of the anterior segment and optical coherence tomography (OCT).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the late postoperative period (24 months post-surgery), the complete success rate of the surgeries showed a decreasing trend. All groups eventually required the reintroduction of hypotensive therapy. The most sustained success was observed in groups with resorbable and non-resorbable implants. Further dynamic monitoring will determine which implant type is the most favorable for surgical treatment of glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis in human immunodeficiency virus (case study)].","authors":"I Yu Razumova, I V Andreeva, A S Stoyukhina, S A Smolin","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514101162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytomegalovirus retinitis affecting the posterior pole of the eye is the most common opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It typically develops at CD₄ lymphocyte levels below 50-100 cells/μL and, if untreated, leads to blindness. Much less frequently, cytomegalovirus infection results in choroiditis, followed by secondary retinal changes. This article presents a clinical case of cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevi].","authors":"S A Smolin, A S Stoyukhina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2025141011104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2025141011104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological angiogenic process observed in various fundus diseases, including choroidal nevi. This article reviews key information on the pathogenesis of CNV associated with choroidal nevi, examines diagnostic methods using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), including modern classifications and criteria for assessing disease activity. The article also discusses approaches to the differential diagnosis of nevi combined with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, progressive nevi, and melanomas, and analyzes the features of treatment with antiangiogenic agents and their effects on pigmented choroidal lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of iridotrabecular contact in the pathogenesis of primary angle closure disease].","authors":"N I Kurysheva, G A Sharova, L R Kalimullina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514101121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the correlation between iridotrabecular contact (ITC) and clinical-anatomical parameters in patients with primary angle closure disease (PACD) based on anterior segment imaging data obtained via swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study analyzed data from 92 patients aged 32-89 years, including 56 patients with PACD (43 phakic and 13 pseudophakic) and 36 control group participants (21 phakic and 15 pseudophakic). All participants underwent SS-OCT imaging of the anterior segment, including measurements of the ITC index and ITC area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that in phakic PACD patients, ITC parameters (ITC Index and ITC Area) were significantly correlated with anterior chamber depth (ACD; <i>r</i>=-0.42, <i>p</i>=0.01 and <i>r</i>=-0.43, <i>p</i>=0.00, respectively), lens vault (LV; <i>r</i>=0.35, <i>p</i>=0.02 and <i>r</i>=0.36, <i>p</i>=0.02, respectively), lens thickness (LT; <i>r</i>=0.47, <i>p</i>=0.01 and <i>r</i>=0.44, <i>p</i>=0.01, respectively), all anterior chamber angle (ACA) parameters (all <i>p</i>=0.00), and the number of hypotensive medications used (<i>r</i>=0.63, <i>p</i>=0.01 and <i>r</i>=0.68, <i>p</i>=0.01, respectively). In pseudophakic PACD patients, ITC Index and ITC Area were associated with the number of hypotensive medications (<i>r</i>=0.71, <i>p</i>=0.02 and <i>r</i>=0.72, <i>p</i>=0.02, respectively) and the iridotrabecular space area in the nasal sector (<i>r</i>=0.62, <i>p</i>=0.02). No significant correlations were observed in the control group, regardless of lens status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ITC parameters in phakic PACD patients demonstrated the highest number of correlations compared to pseudophakic patients. The persistence of a direct relationship between ITC parameters and the number of hypotensive medications in primary angle-closure glaucoma following lens extraction supports the rationale for early surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ocular myasthenia gravis].","authors":"M S Sergeeva, S S Danilov, N I Sherbakova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414004186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414004186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness and pathological fatigue due to autoaggressive phenomena with the formation of antibodies directed against various structures of the neuromuscular synapse. In most patients, the disease begins with the involvement of extraocular muscles, presenting with symptoms such as intermittent ptosis of the upper eyelid and/or binocular diplopia. In 15% of cases, clinical manifestations are limited to impairment of the levator palpebrae superioris and extraocular muscles, characteristic of the ocular form of myasthenia gravis. Specialists often encounter challenges in diagnosing this form, as serological and electrophysiological studies may be uninformative, necessitating diagnosis based on patient history and clinical picture. This literature review outlines the key aspects of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis and treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 4","pages":"86-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of pleoptic treatment on the stability of visual fixation in children and adolescents with amblyopia of various degrees].","authors":"M A Kashchenko, T P Kashchenko, M D Magaramova, E K Pedanova, S E Golyakhovskiy","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414001132","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414001132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assesses the effect of pleoptic treatment on the stability of visual fixation in children and adolescents with amblyopia of various degrees.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The effect of the treatment in 35 children (35 eyes) with amblyopia of various degrees was evaluated using the MP-1 Microperimeter. The stability was determined by two criteria - number of fixation point hits in the 2° zone and the width of the field of fixation. Children underwent a standard course of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was an improvement in the stability of visual fixation after treatment. The number of fixation point hits in the 2° zone increased from 44.8±4.1% to 52.6±3.8%. At the same time, the width of the field of fixation after treatment decreased from 6.5±0.7° to 5.2±0.5°. Visual acuity with correction in children with amblyopia correlates with the number of fixation point hits in the 2° zone (direct high correlation \"+0.7\") and width of the field of fixation (inverse high correlation \"-0.7\") both before and after the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stabilization of visual fixation was observed in patients with amblyopia of varying degrees after the pleoptic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 1","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The first experience of using femtosecond laser in the treatment of anterior capsular contraction syndrome].","authors":"Yu N Yusef, S N Yusef, A S Vvedenskiy, A A Gamidov, M N Ivanov, K S Avetisov, K Alkhumidi","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414001165","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414001165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention and treatment of anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) is a relevant problem in cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study was performed to develop a femtosecond laser-assisted technique for anterior capsulotomy in anterior capsular contraction syndrome and assess its preliminary results in preventing the progression of pathological changes in the capsular bag.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The examination and femtosecond laser-assisted treatment without additional surgical intervention was performed in 6 patients (6 eyes) aged 69 to 73 years with anterior capsular contraction syndrome. Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulotomy was performed using the VICTUS system (Technolas Perfect Vision, Germany). Capsulotomy diameter was 4.0-4.5 mm, laser radiation energy - 9000 nJ, laser exposure depth 900-1000 μm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diameter of the anterior capsulotomy before treatment was 2.85 mm [2.75; 2.93]. After 1 month, the diameter of the anterior capsular opening was 2.88 mm [2.78; 2.96] (<i>p</i>>0.05). One year after femtosecond laser intervention, the anterior capsulotomy opening was almost the same shape and diameter - 2.84 mm [2.74; 2.94] (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Femtosecond laser-assisted circular capsulotomy is an effective and safe method for preventing the progression of anterior capsular contraction syndrome in the absence of severe IOL decentration and for maintaining the diameter of the anterior capsular opening of at least 2.5-3.0 mm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[New possibilities for reparative therapy of dry eye syndrome].","authors":"V V Brzheskiy, E A Drozdova, V A Bobryshev, E V Berdnikova, S Yu Golubev","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414001158","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414001158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, among artificial tear preparations that have additional metabolic properties, in addition to moisturizing the ocular surface, there has been a drug Optinol Soft Recovery (LLC JADRAN). In addition to 0.15% sodium hyaluronate, it contains 2% dexpanthenol, which stimulates reparative regeneration of the corneal epithelium, in particular in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of the drug Optinol Soft Recovery in the treatment of patients with DES accompanied by xerotic changes in the corneal epithelium.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 82 patients (15 children and 65 adults) with moderate and severe DES accompanied by the following corneal pathology: filamentous keratitis (20 patients, 33 eyes), persistent corneal erosion (28 patients, 49 eyes) and punctate keratopathy (34 patients, 68 eyes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients receiving fourfold instillations of the studied drug were observed already during the first 7 days to have increased stability of the tear film and decreased severity of staining of the cornea and conjunctiva with vital dyes (0.1% sodium fluorescein and 3% lissamine green, respectively). Further, as the patients were transferred to an individual instillation regimen, a progressive decrease in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), an increase in corneal sensitivity and tear meniscus index were also recorded. The differences in most parameters of the course of xerosis compared to the initial ones were statistically significant starting from day 10-20 of therapy, depending on the initial severity of corneal xerosis (<i>p</i><0.05-0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with moderate DES complicated by punctate keratopathy were the most susceptible to therapy with the drug Optinol Soft Recovery, while patients with filamentous keratitis secondary to a severe clinical form of DES were the least susceptible.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 1","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current capabilities of anterior segment optical coherence tomography].","authors":"L Alkharki, Yu N Yusef, M V Budzinskaya, K S Avetisov, A V Shitikova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140022190","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2024140022190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment of the eye (AS-OCT) is a non-invasive method based on the principles of optical reflectometry (measurement of the degree of backscattering of light passing through transparent or translucent media). Limitations of the first devices of this type were associated with insufficient image quality of the details of the anterior chamber angle and the posterior parts of the lens, primarily due to the \"working\" level of the scanning wavelength (within 800 μm). Fundamentally new possibilities in the structural and functional assessment of the anterior segment of the eye are associated with the introduction into clinical practice of swept-source AS-OCT device - the CASIA2 anterior optical coherence tomograph (Tomey Corporation, Japan). Its high scanning speed (50 000 A-scans per second) with a wavelength of 1310 μm allows high-quality visualization by building a scan at a depth of 13 mm. The previous model (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey Corporation, Japan) supported scan depth of only 6 mm. This review summarizes the results of research on the clinical use of CASIA2 tomograph.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 2. Vyp. 2","pages":"190-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}