Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Non-invasive automated methods for the diagnosis of periorbital skin tumors].","authors":"N P Kiryushchenkova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140051137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140051137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant skin tumors are the most common type of cancer in both Russia and globally. Malignant skin tumors located in the periorbital region, particularly basal cell carcinoma, pose a significant threat to the visual organ due to the high risk of local invasion, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and timely treatment. This review discusses the main methods of non-invasive instrumental diagnosis of skin tumors in the periorbital region. Key stages in the development of these methods are briefly outlined, and their most significant advantages and disadvantages are noted. The article also considers the automation of diagnostic studies, and potential challenges with its practical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Structural and functional features of the eye in Marfan syndrome. Report 2. Changes in the anatomical complex of the lens].","authors":"K S Avetisov, E A Chizhonkova, S E Avetisov, D V Andzhelova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414001111","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414001111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analysis of lens changes in Marfan syndrome (MS), in addition to assessing the position of the lens itself, should include the possibility of examining its supporting and accommodative components (ciliary zonule and ciliary body), or what can be called the entire anatomical complex of the lens. Optical methods of studying the structures of the anterior segment of the eye, due to iris opacity, allow only to analyze the state of the lens within the natural or medically enlarged pupil width. Visualization of the structures located behind the iris is possible with the use of radiation diagnostic methods, in particular ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assesses the state of the anatomical complex of the lens in MS using UBM.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was carried out on clinical material previously used by us to analyze changes in the fibrous membrane of the eye in MS. At the first stage, the main (19 patients with MS, 38 eyes) and the control (24 patients with myopia, 48 eyes) groups were formed for comparative evaluation. The formed groups were standardized according to the age of the patients and the axial length of the eye. At the second stage, patients with MS were divided into subgroups depending on the absence or presence of biomicroscopic signs of ectopia lentis (22 and 16 eyes, respectively). For UBM, an ultrasound linear sensor with a scanning frequency of 50 MHz was used (Aviso device, Quantel Medical, France). Various biometric UBM indicators were determined: lens thickness, diameter of the lens, lens-axial length factor, iris-lens angle, iris-lens contact distance, posterior chamber depth, length of the fibers of ciliary zonule, thickness of the ciliary body, sclera-ciliary process angle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are changes in the anatomical complex of the lens as a whole in MS (in the lens itself, the ciliary zonule, and the ciliary body), which are characterized by an increase in lens thickness and a decrease in the diameter of the lens, an increase in the length of the fibers of the ciliary zonule and a decrease in the thickness of the ciliary body. At the same time, the displacement of the lens detected by optical biomicroscopy (ectopia lentis) can be considered as an advanced stage of changes in the anatomical complex of the lens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UBM provides the possibility of full-fledged visualization of all components of the anatomical complex of the lens in terms of both diagnostics, and monitoring of changes in MS. The question of the advisability of including this method in the algorithm for diagnosing ocular manifestations in order to verify the MS remains open. Possible obstacles may be, on the one hand, related to the need for special and expensive equipment, and on the other hand, the absence of a generally accepted «normal» values of UBM indicators of the anatomical complex of the lens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative evaluation of transscleral laser exposure in anatomical experiment].","authors":"A A Gamidov, A A Fedorov, Yu N Yusef, P D Gavrilina, O I Baum","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414003119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414003119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study comparatively analyzed the morphology of eye tissues after laser exposure using the latest generation of transscleral laser techniques - micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) and laser activation of scleral hydropermeability (LASH) - in an anatomical experiment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study used pulsed-periodic radiation of an Er-glass fiber laser (λ=1.56 μm) and radiation of a diode laser (λ=0.81 μm) in the micropulse mode. A comparative morphological evaluation of histological preparations of target scleral and ciliary body (CB) tissues was performed with the study of laser-induced changes occurring after LASH and MP-TSCPC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study of histological preparations obtained after MP-TSCPC and LASH did not reveal any noticeable signs of an inflammatory reaction or significant destructive changes. There were no signs of pronounced coagulative changes in the form of disorganization of connective and muscle tissue in the exposure area. At the same time, MP-TSCPC was accompanied by thinning and discontinuity of the CB pigment epithelium in the projection of its flat part and expansion of the gaps between the anterior connective tissue fibers fixing the CB to the sclera, which is likely a factor contributing to uveoscleral outflow. After LASH, in the irradiated areas at the level of the outer layers of the sclera (¾ of its thickness) located in the projection of the flat part of the ciliary body, multiple slit-like cavities and enlargements (stretching) of interfiber spaces were revealed with simultaneous compaction of the inner part of the sclera (¼ of its thickness).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identified morphological changes may indicate certain differences in the mechanisms of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after MP-TSCPC and LASH. The results of this study suggest that the enhancement of uveoscleral outflow of intraocular fluid and the hypotensive effect after MP-TSCPC may be associated with laser-induced expansion of the interspaces between the anterior connective tissue fibers of the CB in the suprachoroidal space. With LASH, the possible mechanism of lowering IOP may be related rather to an increase in transscleral filtration due to the appearance of slit-like interfiber spaces in the sclera, caused by local contraction of scleral fibers in the area of laser exposure. The absence of pronounced destructive changes at the histological level indicates the gentle nature of both laser techniques and the possibility of expanding the indications for the use of LASH in the treatment of glaucoma, including at its earlier stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 3","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Biomechanics of diabetic vitreopapillary traction syndrome].","authors":"D B Babaeva, M M Shishkin, R R Fayzrakhmanov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414002178","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414002178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic vitreopapillary traction syndrome (VPT) is a variant of diabetic retinopathy (DR) that can lead to vision loss in advanced stages. This review reports on the biomechanics of the vitreous in the pathogenesis of proliferative DR, in particular diabetic VPT. The article analyzes and summarizes literature data, presents the views of different authors on this problem, and provides the results of Russian and foreign scientific research on this pathology. It is concluded that further research in this area can lead to a significant improvement in the results of therapy, timely diagnosis, and preservation of vision in patients with DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 2","pages":"78-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Predicting the effectiveness of organ-preserving treatment of choroidal melanoma using optical coherence tomography data].","authors":"A S Stoyukhina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414002216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414002216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently widely used for the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma (CM), but the problem of predicting the outcomes of planned CM treatment remains unsolved.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was conducted to identify OCT signs that adversely affect the outcome of organ-preserving CM treatment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>OCT scan images of 30 patients who underwent organ-preserving treatment and were under observation were selected for this study. Brachytherapy (BT) as monotherapy was performed in 27 patients (in 2 cases - twice, and in 1 case - three times), in one patient - in combination with the previous transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Multiple TTT (4 sessions within 4 months) as monotherapy were performed in 2 patients. In 9 cases, a single organ-preserving treatment (BT - 6 patients, TTT - 3 patients) was ineffective. In these cases, the effectiveness of the first stage of organ-preserving treatment was taken into account.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven signs of an unfavorable prognosis of the performed treatment were identified by analyzis of tomograms and statistical processing of the obtained data. These signs include: the presence of intraretinal edema, detachment of the neuroepithelium (NED) over the tumor, including with a break in the photoreceptors, accumulation of transudate over the tumor, the presence of large cysts, intraretinal cavities and NED near the tumor (secondary retinal detachment). A combination of three or more signs were observed in all cases of inefficiency of the first stage of treatment. Most often, intraretinal edema and NED over the tumor were combined with the accumulation of subretinal transudate and NED near the tumor. The presence of 6 or all 7 signs took place in cases of a negative therapeutic effect after local destruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When planning organ-preserving CM treatment, in addition to biometric parameters, it is necessary to pay special attention to the identification of such morphological signs as NED over and near the tumor, accumulation of transudate under the NED, the presence of intraretinal edema, large intraretinal cysts and cavities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 2. Vyp. 2","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Functional outcomes of various aberrational extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses].","authors":"A A Kasyanov, N Yu Shkolyarenko, F B Dudieva, T V Sharnina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140061112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140061112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compares the functional outcomes of correction using two different types of aberrational extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in two standardized groups (20 patients, 20 eyes in each group). Patients in group 1 were implanted EDOF IOL I, in group 2 - EDOF IOL II. The main selection criterion was stable postoperative refraction close to emmetropia, with a minimum follow-up period of 3 months. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was chosen as the primary assessment criterion and was evaluated monocularly under photopic conditions at the following distances: at far, 66 cm, 50 cm, 40 cm, and 33 cm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The conducted analysis showed that both lenses provided a comparable high level of UCVA for distance vision in groups 1 and 2, with statistically insignificant differences (<i>p</i>=0.2538; <i>U</i>=160.52). Significantly better results at intermediate distances and at 50 cm were achieved in group 1 (<i>p</i>=0.0235; <i>U</i>=118.02 and <i>p</i>=0.0124; <i>U</i>=109.0, respectively). For the near distance of 40 cm, group 1 also demonstrated better outcomes, although the difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i>=0.0720; <i>U</i>=134.52). At the near distance of 33 cm, both groups achieved an expectedly similar level of UCVA, with no statistically significant difference (<i>p</i>=0.4656; <i>U</i>=173.52). No positive dysphotopsia was reported in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both EDOF IOLs demonstrated high clinical effectiveness. A significantly higher level of functional outcomes at intermediate distances was achieved with IOL I.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 6","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Main directions in corneal nerve fibers research].","authors":"S E Avetisov, Z V Surnina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140061118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140061118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This lecture-format review presents a summary of methods for assessing the condition of corneal nerve fibers (CNF), their clinical significance, and an overview of their anatomy and physiology. It briefly analyzes the structural and functional characteristics of CNF in various ocular diseases, following eye surgeries, and in patients with systemic diseases accompanied by systemic polyneuropathy. The article describes in detail the management algorithm that involves a comprehensive analysis of CNF and Langerhans inflammatory cells, identifies the at-risk groups for developing structural nerve impairments, and outlines the main criteria for CNF assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 6","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diverse manifestations of orbital pseudotumor in a six-year-old child (case study)].","authors":"G Z Zakirova, R F Gaynutdinova, V A Usov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140051106","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2024140051106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonspecific, or idiopathic, orbital inflammation (IOI) is a group of diseases characterized primarily by inflammation. Another term-pseudotumor-reflects its trait of mimicking oncological processes. Its clinical manifestations are highly polymorphic. There is limited literature on the clinical presentation of IOI in children. This clinical case presents idiopathic inflammation in a six-year-old child that manifested in various forms: initially as unilateral dacryoadenitis, then bilateral, followed by bilateral mass lesions under both orbital roofs. Several specific conditions such as lacrimal gland tumor, Mikulicz's disease, and sarcoidosis were excluded in this patient in the process of diagnosing IOI. Treatment with systemic glucocorticoids resulted in temporary remission. A second relapse occurred 6 months later, followed by a third relapse one year after the second. The total follow-up period was 2 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Functional outcomes and corneal condition in cavitation complications of femtosecond LASIK].","authors":"Yu N Yusef, S V Ermakova, V M Sheludchenko, Z V Surnina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414005178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414005178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of femtosecond (FS) laser in LASIK procedures for myopia correction can lead to the formation of an opaque bubble layer (OBL) in stromal layers of different densities and in various areas of the cornea.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the functional outcomes and the condition of the cornea in eyes with and without OBL in randomized groups.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 93 patients (186 eyes) with varying degrees of myopia (from 2.25 to 7.5 D): the main group consisted of 137 eyes with OBL, the control group - 49 eyes without OBL. The average age of patients was 30±5 and 32±4 years, respectively, with spherical equivalent refractive errors of -4.9 D and -4.3 D, astigmatism up to 1.75 D and 1.25 D, respectively. The assessment included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), clinical refraction, lower-order aberrations (RMS LOA), higher-order aberrations (RMS HOA), spherical aberration (Z40; Pentacam HR Oculus), confocal microscopy of all corneal layers, and tear film assessment (Medmont; TFSQ; TFBUT; TFSQ area). All patients underwent FS-LASIK [Technolas VICTUS; corneal flap thickness of 110-120 μm (optical zone 6.0 mm), pulse energy >1 mJ, frequency 80 kHz]. Follow-up visits were conducted at day 7, and 1, 3, and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of functional outcomes and optical aberrations. However, the OBL group showed significantly higher TFSQ values and more pronounced keratocyte changes visualized in the deep stromal layers (under the OBL) at the depth of 130-160 μm. The extent of keratocyte alterations decreased over time, from 118.3±5.1 mm/mm² on day 7 to 71.1±4.8 mm/mm² at 6 months, as observed via confocal microscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there was no difference in functional outcomes for myopia correction between eyes with and without OBL, the presence of OBL was associated with a higher extent of destructive changes in keratocytes, necessitating a longer healing period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Biomechanical control of myopia: potential of bidirectional corneal applanation with high-speed video recording].","authors":"S E Avetisov, A K Dzamikhova, K S Avetisov, A V Kobzeva, S K Abukerimova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414005125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414005125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of bidirectional corneal applanation technologies into clinical practice made possible the in vivo assessment of biomechanical properties of the fibrous tunic in myopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study analyzes the potential of bidirectional corneal applanation with high-speed video recording for biomechanical control of myopia, focusing on the biomechanical parameters of the sclera and cornea.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 129 patients (168 eyes) with myopia ranging from -0.75 to -13.25 D in spherical equivalent. The axial length (AL) and central corneal thickness (CCT) ranged from 22.64 to 29.05 mm and from 492 to 644 µm, respectively. AL was measured using laser biometry, CCT with a rotating Scheimpflug camera, and the biomechanical properties of the fibrous tunic were assessed using bidirectional corneal pneumatic applanation with high-speed video recording using the Corvis ST device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A weak positive correlation was found between AL and CCT, while no significant correlation was observed between CCT and the stress-strain index (SSI). However, there was a significant negative correlation between SSI and AL. Additionally, a clear and statistically significant trend of decreasing SSI with increasing AL was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The stress-strain index (SSI), determined using bidirectional corneal pneumatic applanation with high-speed video recording, could potentially be considered a clinical indicator characterizing the scleral component of the ocular fibrous tunic in the biomechanical control of myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}