Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Topical application of hypotensive drugs for the prevention of intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs].","authors":"Yu S Andreeva, L Alkharki, A V Shelankova, M V Budzinskaya","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414002273","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414002273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management protocol for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) involves multiple intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-VEGF drugs. The ability to reduce the peak intraocular pressure (IOP) rise is greatly important in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the effect of topical hypotensive drugs on the short-term IOP rise after IVI of anti-VEGF drugs in patients with nAMD.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The prospective study included 80 patients with newly diagnosed nAMD. Before the start of treatment, the patients were divided into 4 groups of 20 people each: 1st - controls, who received no prophylactic drugs, in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups local instillations of one drop of hypotensive drugs brinzolamide 1%, brinzolamide-timolol, brimonidine-timolol were performed in the conjunctival sac twice: 1 day before the injection (at 20:00) and on the day of the injection 2 hours before the manipulation (at 08:00), respectively. IOP was measured in each patient using ICare Pro non-contact tonometer before injection, as well as 1 min, 30 and 60 min after injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prophylactic use of hypotensive drugs was associated with a significant decrease in IOP immediately after IVI compared to the same parameter in the 1st group (<i>p</i><0.001), the maximum decrease in IOP values was observed when using a fixed combination of brimonidine-timolol by 12.1 mm Hg compared to the controls (<i>p</i><0.001), the combination of brinzolamide-timolol reduced IOP by 8.5 mm Hg (<i>p</i><0.001), brinzolamide 1% led to the smallest decrease in IOP - by 5.1 mm Hg (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Study patients that received instillations of brimonidine-timolol combination of one drop into the conjunctival sac 1 day before the injection and on the day of the injection showed the maximum decrease in IOP compared to patients of the other groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 2. Vyp. 2","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Intracorneal selective stromal transplantation].","authors":"O G Oganesyan, D A Gusak, P V Makarov, P M Ashikova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414001186","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414001186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty or penetrating keratoplasty are currently considered the optimal methods of surgical treatment of stromal dystrophies and corneal degeneration. Despite certain advantages and benefits of these methods, they also have significant limitations: involvement of superficial corneal layers in the surgery, need for suturing, development of post-keratoplasty astigmatism etc.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to test and describe the new method of closed sutureless keratoplasty (intracorneal selective stromal transplantation), which was indicated in isolated dystrophic and degenerative pathology of the stroma.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Intracorneal selective stromal transplantation was performed in a 62-year-old patient with stromal degeneration and intact corneal layers between the altered stroma and the Descemet's membrane posteriorly, and the Bowman's layer anteriorly. The patient also had immature senile cataract. Corneal stroma was removed and replaced with a graft in the optical center of the lens, while the endothelium, the Descemet's membrane and the Bowman's layer remained intact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed technique of intracorneal selective stromal transplantation makes it possible to replace only the pathologically altered stroma through closed surgical approach, without affecting the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea. Best-corrected visual acuity has increased in the patient from 0.01 to 0.6, while mean endothelial cell density has not changed in the course of 24-months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed keratoplasty method can be used in patients with dystrophy or degeneration of the corneal stroma and preserved endothelial cells, intact Descemet's membrane and Bowman layer. Since the superficial corneal layers are not involved during the surgery, intracorneal selective stromal transplantation combined the advantages of both deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty. The biologically favorable result in this first clinical case allows a preliminary conclusion on the technical possibility and functional effectiveness of the proposed method, but further long-term observation and more clinical cases are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of optical coherence tomography in the assessment of the posterior lens capsule during anti-angiogenic therapy].","authors":"L Alkharki, S N Yusef, Ya M Al-Makhdar, I V Andreeva, A G Matyuschenko, A N Gerasimov, M V Budzinskaya","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414002228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414002228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-angiogenic drugs is one of the most common therapeutic procedures in ophthalmology. In recent years, a new non-contact study method has been developed - anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), which allows the formation of three-dimensional images of the lens and provides more detailed information about its structure and morphology.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study uses optical coherence tomography method to analyze the risks of developing changes in the posterior lens capsule in patients after IVI of an anti-angiogenic drug.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study involved 100 people (14 men and 86 women) with a natural lens and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The average age was 70.57±7.98 years. During the study (12 months), all patients underwent IVI of an anti-angiogenic drug aflibercept in the treat-and-extend (T&E) mode. All subjects were divided into 2 groups: with a total number of IVI less than 10 - group 1 (50 patients), and more than 10 IVI - group 2 (50 patients, of which 49 were included in the study). All patients underwent OCT using the Optopol REVO NX device (Poland) with the Anterior B-scan Wide protocol before inclusion in the study, as well as after 3, 6 and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the risk of developing a posterior lens capsule rupture, visualized using OCT, depends on the total number of IVI (correlation coefficient 0.473 <i>p</i>=0.001): the more IVI, the higher the probability that damage to the posterior capsule will occur after the next IVI, and after the 15th injection the risk of developing damage to the posterior capsule increases sharply.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The astudy analyzed the risk factors for the development of posterior lens capsule damage that can be detected using OCT, and presented three risk groups for the development of rupture (or damage) of the posterior lens capsule depending on the number of intravitreal injections performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 2. Vyp. 2","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma and non-pigmented choroidal melanoma: clinical, instrumental and molecular genetic features].","authors":"S V Saakyan, N V Sklyarova, A Yu Tsygankov, V R Alikhanova, V I Loginov, A M Burdenny","doi":"10.17116/oftalma20241400215","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma20241400215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) and early non-pigmented choroidal melanoma (CM) have similar clinical, ultrasound and morphometric features, which in some cases makes their differential diagnosis difficult. There are few studies in the literature devoted to a comparative analysis of the molecular genetic features of CCH and non-pigmented CM, and the results of those studies are contradictory.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study attempts to develop a method of non-invasive molecular genetic differential diagnostics of CCH and non-pigmented CM.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Based on the results of clinical and instrumental examination methods, 60 patients (60 eyes) with CCH (<i>n</i>=30) and non-pigmented CM (<i>n</i>=30) were included in this prospective study. The control group consisted of 30 individuals without intraocular tumors. Mutations in the <i>GNAQ</i>/<i>GNA11</i> genes were determined by real-time PCR using the analysis of genomic circulating tumor DNA isolated from peripheral blood plasma. The average follow-up period was 12.1±1.8 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a significant association of mutations in exons 4 and 5 of the <i>GNAQ</i>/<i>GNA11</i> genes with the presence of non-pigmented CM (27/30; 90%). These mutations were not detected in the group of patients with CCH. Mutations in exons 4 and 5 of the <i>GNAQ</i>/<i>GNA11</i> genes were also not detected in the control group of healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study proposes a method of non-invasive and low-cost differential diagnostics based on molecular genetic analysis and detection of mutations in exons 4 and 5 of the <i>GNAQ</i> and <i>GNA11</i> genes, which are specific for CM (90%).</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 2","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the accuracy of modern intraocular lens calculation formulas when optical biometry is not possible].","authors":"D F Belov, E V Danilenko, V P Nikolaenko, V V Potemkin","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414002134","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202414002134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the accuracy of modern intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas using axial length (AL) data obtained by ultrasound biometry (UBM) compared to the third-generation SRK/T calculator.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 230 patients (267 eyes) with severe lens opacities that prevented optical biometry, who underwent phacoemulsification (PE) with IOL implantation. IOL power calculation according to the SRK/T formula was based on AL and anterior chamber depth obtained by UBM (Tomey Biometer Al-100) and keratometry on the Topcon KR 8800 autorefractometer. To adapt AL for new generation calculators - Barrett Universal II (BUII), Hill RBF ver. 3.0 (RBF), Kane and Ladas Super Formula (LSF) - the retinal thickness (0.20 mm) was added to the axial length determined by UBM, and then the optical power of the artificial lens was calculated. The mean error and its modulus value were used as criteria for the accuracy of IOL calculation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference (<i>p</i>=0.008) in the mean IOL calculation error was found between the formulas. Pairwise analysis revealed differences between SRK/T (-0.32±0.58 D) and other formulas - BUII (-0.16±0.52 D; <i>p</i>=0.014), RBF (-0.17±0.51 D; <i>p</i>=0.024), Kane (-0.17±0.52 D; <i>p</i>=0.029), but not with the LSF calculator (-0.19±0.53 D; <i>p</i>=0.071). No significant differences between the formulas were found in terms of mean error modulus (<i>p</i>=0.238). New generation calculators showed a more frequent success in hitting target refraction (within ±1.00 D in more than 95% of cases) than the SRK/T formula (86%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed method of adding 0.20 mm to the AL determined by UBM allows using this parameter in modern IOL calculation formulas and improving the refractive results of PE, especially in eyes with non-standard anterior segment structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 2","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis].","authors":"A Zh Fursova, M Yu Zubkova, M A Vasilyeva, Yu A Karlash, I F Nikulich, A S Derbeneva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414003159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414003159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study explores the main structural changes in patients with MS and their relationships with the activity and type of disease course.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This prospective study included 159 patients (318 eyes) with an established diagnosis of MS: group (44 eyes; 13.84%) - relapsing-remitting type MS (RRMS) lasting up to 1 year without a history of optic neuritis (ON); group 2 (30 eyes; 9.43%) - RRMS up to 1 year with ON; group 3 (56 eyes; 17.61%) - RRMS lasting from 1 to 10 years without ON; group 4 (38 eyes; 11.95%) - RRMS from 1 to 10 years with ON; group 5 (49 eyes; 15.41%) - RRMS >10 years without ON; group 6 (37 eyes; 11.63%) - RRMS >10 years with ON; group 7 (34 eyes; 10.69%) - secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) without ON; group 8 (30 eyes; 9.43%) - SPMS with ON. Patients underwent standard ophthalmological examinations, including optical coherence tomography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A decrease in structural parameters was diagnosed, progressing with the duration of the disease and the presence of ON: the minimum values of mGCL+IPL (65.83±9.14 μm) and mSNFL (76.37±14.77 μm) were detected in the group with SPMS with ON. High inverse correlations of EDSS with mGCL+IPL and mRNFL were demonstrated, with maximum in the group with the longest duration of MS without ON (-0.48 and -0.52 (<i>p</i>=0.01), respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in the thickness of the structural parameters of the retina, measured by OCT, can be considered as a predictor of the course of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 3","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The relationship between intraocular pressure and age-related variations in ocular rigidity].","authors":"O V Svetlova, I N Koshits, R M Pankratov, O V Makarovskaya, M V Zaseeva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414003111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414003111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to identify the correlation between age-related fluctuations in the average values of rigidity of the fibrous tunic of the eye (FTE) and corresponding ranges of true intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy eyes and eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG); using the identified ranges of FTE rigidity, to establish the appropriate IOP zones for healthy and glaucomatous eyes, taking into account the aging periods as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ocular-Response Analyzer tonometry was used according to the Koshits-Svetlova dynamic diagnostic method to examine 674 patients with healthy eyes and 518 patients with glaucomatous eyes, aged 18 to 90 years, classified according to the WHO aging periods, and a theoretical analysis was conducted to estimate clinical values of FTE rigidity, the current level of true IOP, and the calculated individual IOP level in a patient's eye during youth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following IOP level zones were identified for patients with healthy and glaucomatous eyes: low IOP zone (≤13 mm Hg); medium IOP zone (14-20 mm Hg); elevated IOP zone (21-26 mm Hg); high IOP zone (27-32 mm Hg); subcompensated IOP zone (33-39 mm Hg); and decompensated IOP zone (≥40 mm Hg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fundamental physiological criterion \"rigidity\" does not depend on central corneal thickness and consistently reflects the current level of true IOP. In all examined patients, both with healthy and glaucomatous eyes, healthy and glaucoma eyes with the same level of current rigidity had the same level of IOP. The ability to assign a given healthy or glaucomatous eye to a specific individual IOP zone is particularly important for the polyclinic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 3","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ocular manifestations of rheumatic diseases].","authors":"Yu N Yusef, I Yu Razumova, A A Godzenko, Z V Surnina, L M Agaeva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140041104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140041104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatic diseases are a large group of conditions of various origins, predominantly systemic in nature, with persistent or transient joint syndrome and involvement of other organs and systems, including the eyes. Many rheumatic diseases are characterized by specific types of ocular inflammation, which manifests through its localization, symmetry, and clinical features.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 4","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of artificial intelligence methods in the diagnosis and treatment of primary angle-closure disease].","authors":"N I Kurysheva, A L Pomerantsev, O Ye Rodionova, G A Sharova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2024140051130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140051130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews literature on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for the diagnosis and treatment of primary angle-closure disease (PACD). The review describes how AI techniques enhance the efficiency of population screening for anterior chamber angle closure, presents technologies utilizing deep learning, including neural networks, for the analysis of large datasets obtained through anterior segment imaging methods, such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), digital gonioscopy, and ultrasound biomicroscopy, and discusses methods for treating PACD with the help of AI. Integration of deep learning and imaging techniques represents a crucial step in optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of PACD, reducing the burden on the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"130-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ocular symptoms and modern approaches to the treatment of silent sinus syndrome].","authors":"Y O Grusha, V A Sheptulin","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202414005163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202414005163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a rare condition characterized by spontaneous, progressive enophthalmos and hypophthalmos due to the collapse of the maxillary sinus, often accompanied by subclinical sinusitis.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of treating patients with silent sinus syndrome (SSS) using a two-stage treatment approach.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 22 patients (22 eyes) with SSS who were examined at the Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases between 2011 and 2023. Patients presented with complaints of enophthalmos, hypophthalmos, binocular diplopia, and decreased vision. The mean age was 36 [26; 48] years, male-to-female ratio was 6:16. All patients underwent Hertel exophthalmometry, measurement of palpebral fissure, assessment of binocular status, as well as multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the paranasal sinuses at admission, 3 months after the first stage, and during the follow-up after the second stage of treatment. The first stage involved functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and the second stage involved correction of the eyeball position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The follow-up period lasted a mean of 28 [6; 120] months. After FESS, 12 patients (12 eyes) were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome, while 10 patients (10 eyes) decided to apply for a second stage of treatment. Two patients underwent nonsurgical correction of enophthalmos with intraorbital injections, and eight underwent orbital reconstruction with implant placement. Treatment outcomes showed a significant reduction in mean value of enophthalmos (from 3.5 mm to 0.5 mm), a decrease in upper eyelid excursion compared to the contralateral side (Δ changed from 4 to 1 mm), reduction of hypophthalmos (from 2 mm to 0 mm), improvements in corneal condition and ocular motility, and regression of diplopia. No complications were registered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosis and treatment of SSS require a multidisciplinary approach. The two-stage treatment strategy for SSS provides good functional and aesthetic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"140 5","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}