Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by varicella zoster virus].","authors":"A M Ryumin, A A Pavlova, D M Sobchak, I A Otmahova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101199","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ophthalmic herpes zoster is the second most common form of herpes zoster and can lead to complete vision loss. Since necrotizing herpetic retinopathies are relatively rare and often reported as isolated clinical cases, establishing a unified approach to managing such patients is challenging. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge on the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic features, and treatment of progressive outer retinal necrosis. A total of 30 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2011 and 2019 and accessible through the EBSCO database were analyzed. The search employed relevant keywords and abbreviations: varicella zoster virus (VZV), herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), necrotizing herpetic retinopathies (NHRs), and progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN). The results of this analysis present the current understanding of the prevalence, clinical features, and management strategies for progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by VZV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Artificial intelligence in assessment of individual risks of age-related macular degeneration progression].","authors":"Yu Yusef, A A Plyukhova, N Yusef","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2025141021123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2025141021123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative retinal disease and a leading cause of blindness in older adults worldwide. According to numerous studies, the number of affected individuals reached 196 million in 2020, with projections estimating an increase to 288 million by 2040, including 18.6 million cases of advanced AMD. The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled researchers and clinicians to characterize microstructural changes in different retinal layers at earlier disease stages and improve monitoring strategies. Important steps have been taken to develop algorithms capable of recognizing early signs of AMD, assessing its severity, and predicting progression. These algorithms have formed the basis for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven systems applicable to any hardware or software exhibiting intelligent behavior. OCT imaging allows for the identification of biomarkers whose presence or interaction with other factors predict transition from intermediate to advanced AMD. The obtained data can provide deeper insights into the pathogenesis of intermediate AMD, enhance early diagnosis for timely intervention, and facilitate the search for new treatment options. Artificial intelligence could make this process easier, simpler, less time-consuming, and more accurate by integrating structural OCT data with genetic risk indicators and lifestyle characteristics. However, the results are still inconsistent due to factors leading to limited result reliability, such as database quality, sample sizes, and data acquisition methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effects of intraoperative use of angiogenesis inhibitors on outcomes and complication rates in the surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy].","authors":"D V Petrachkov, V M Filippov, S Sh Balkar","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514102144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514102144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) complications, such as vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment, as well as macular involvement, remains a complex multifactorial challenge. The use of angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs) at different stages of patient management is being investigated. In particular, intraoperative use of AIs appears to be pathogenetically justified.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the effect of intraoperative administration of AIs on the outcomes and complication rates in the surgical treatment of PDR.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comparative analysis of anatomical and functional outcomes, as well as postoperative complication rates, was performed in two comparable groups of patients who underwent surgery for PDR complications: one with intraoperative AI use (60 cases, 60 eyes), and one without it (109 cases, 109 eyes). The evaluation was conducted at the early (1 month) and long-term (6 months) postoperative follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of AIs was significantly correlated with higher postoperative visual acuity at all follow-up periods and with lower central retinal thickness (CRT) at 1 month after surgery. The complication rate was numerically higher in the group without AIs use, with borderline statistical significance noted for vitreous hemorrhage and anterior segment neovascularization (<i>p</i>=0.079 and <i>p</i>=0.096, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in the incidence of diabetic macular edema (DME) or cases of vitreous hemorrhage requiring revision surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the high variability in clinical presentation of PDR, the use of AIs at different stages of treatment is justified. The study provides promising insights into the effects of intraoperative AIs administration on anatomical and functional outcomes, as well as complication rates. Further research into AIs effects taking into account the cytokine profile may be relevant for the personalized selection of treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Microbiota of the ocular surface in children with myopia].","authors":"O I Orenburkina, G N Rezbaeva, V V Dudurich, A E Babushkin, K S Sogomonian, A A Danilova, L G Danilov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma20251410315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma20251410315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A healthy ocular surface is characterized by relatively stable and comparatively low microbial diversity. However, pathological conditions can provoke shifts in the composition of bacterial taxa, which may be associated, among other factors, with the progression of myopia.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared the taxonomic diversity of the conjunctival microbiota in children with varying degrees of myopia and those without clinically confirmed myopia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Ocular surface samples were obtained from 29 children aged 6-17 years with myopia (58 eyes) and from 12 children of the control group aged 9-17 years (24 eyes). The taxonomic composition of the conjunctival microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA) sequencing, followed by microbiome profiling through bioinformatics and statistical tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ocular surface microbiota in children with myopia demonstrated higher alpha diversity compared to the control group. This was confirmed by values of the Chao (reflecting low-abundance taxa) and Shannon (reflecting overall bacterial diversity - higher diversity means higher index; optimal value; 3.1-4.2) indices. The results revealed a clear trend toward differentiation in bacterial composition between myopic and control groups. These differences were associated with changes in the relative abundance of opportunistic bacteria depending on the degree of myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The taxonomic diversity of the ocular microbiota at the genus level in patients with varying degrees of myopia was characterized by a higher number of taxonomic units compared to the control group. The general trend is an increase in the biodiversity of the bacterial composition due to an increase in the relative representation of opportunistic microorganisms. Further research on the influence of the ocular microbiota on the progression of myopia is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 3","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A modern perspective on the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy].","authors":"R R Fayzrakhmanov, M M Shishkin, S N Saraeva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101192","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the pathogenic mechanisms underlying proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), focusing on the development of angio-fibrotic switch, neurodegeneration, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic biomarkers, emphasizes the modern perspectives on the role of the vitreous body and mechanical traction in DR progression. Understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms will provide new opportunities for improvement and development of treatments for DR at earlier stages, before significant and persistent functional impairment occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modern approaches to combined surgery for cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma].","authors":"A R Nurmeeva, A Panas, N S Zenkin, N D Fokina, A S Vvedenskiy, M N Ivanov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514103192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514103192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The problem of combined surgical treatment for cataract in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma remains highly relevant due to the large number of comorbid patients. Ultrasound phacoemulsification has become the modern standard of cataract phaco surgery, including in combination with other procedures. However, the choice of the antiglaucoma component in simultaneous surgical interventions remains largely unresolved. This review outlines the main current techniques - in particular, pathogenetically oriented - for performing the antiglaucoma component of combined surgery in patients with cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 3","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ultrasound evaluation of eyelid weight placement results].","authors":"Y O Grusha, E I Fettser, K V Presnyakova, O V Eksarenko, E A Chizhonkova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514103120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514103120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Placement of gold eyelid weights (GWs) is an effective minimally invasive method for protecting the cornea in paralytic lagophthalmos (PL). Potential complications of this surgery include nonspecific inflammatory response (NIR), implant dislocation and eruption, and others. Timely detection, monitoring, and management of these complications require assessment of eyelid tissues, GW capsule and GW position using ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sonographic evaluation of the results of GW placement in patients with PL.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 20 patients (20 eyelids) with chronic facial palsy (CFP) and PL who underwent ultrasound examination (high-resolution gray-scale B-scan, color Doppler mapping (CDM), three-dimensional color Doppler, echodensitometry, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) of the upper eyelid) in the long-term (2 to 13 years) after the placement of a multi-segment gold eyelid weight made of 999-purity gold (99.99% pure metal).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study characterizes ultrasound diagnostic features that allow determining the GW size and echodensity, GW capsule, anterior lamella, as well as the vascularization of surrounding tissues. The study also describes the imaging features of upper eyelid tissue with proper GW placement in the primary fixation site, and in cases of its dislocation and exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound imaging methods provide reliable visualization of the GW and upper eyelid tissues in both uncomplicated and complicated cases involving implant disclocation or tendency to exposure. These methods show promise for identifying risk factors for implantation-related complications and require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 3","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of the structure of the lamina cribrosa in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Structural and circulatory changes in the lamina cribrosa with aging and elevated intraocular pressure].","authors":"N I Kurysheva, V Yu Kim, V E Kim, Kh M Plieva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101176","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The earliest damage in glaucoma starts in the posterior pole of the eye, where the axons of retinal ganglion cells, that form the optic nerve fibers, and retinal vessels pass through the connective tissue network called the lamina cribrosa (LC). Modern diagnostic techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), enable the visualization of the LC and the assessment of blood flow within it, providing new opportunities for the diagnosis of glaucoma. This review highlights the anatomy and vascularization of the LC, along with the latest research findings obtained via OCT. The article details age-related changes in the LC and the impact of intraocular pressure (IOP) changes on its properties. A novel parameter, the lamina cribrosa curvature index (LCCI), reflecting LC deformation, has been shown to be the most important biomarker of glaucomatous damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Uveal melanoma and its local inflammation - good or bad for the patient?]","authors":"A F Brovkina, L A Kabardikova, P A Shcherbakov, I V Bure, K B Mirzaev","doi":"10.17116/oftalma20251410115","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma20251410115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 21st century is characterized by the study of the features of malignant tumor infiltration by cellular components of the immune system. While some findings suggest a favorable role of lymphoid infiltration in tumors and its positive impact on survival due to immune defense, the opposite is observed in uveal melanoma (UM): lymphoid infiltration significantly worsens the patient's prognosis. Research on this topic is limited, with some studies confined to experimental models.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the correlation between microRNA-155 expression in the plasma of UM patients after primary enucleation and with pathomorphological inflammatory changes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Eighty-three patients with UM were examined, in 21 cases lymphoid infiltration of the primary tumor was detected, in 6 cases accompanied by a microenvironment. The degree of tumor infiltration with lymphocytes was estimated as a percentage of the total number of cells in the analyzed field, ranging from 1% to 25%. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine microRNA-155 expression in the plasma of all patients before and after enucleation, and its correlation with the level of lymphoid infiltration was analyzed. Postoperative follow-up lasted 6 to 53 months (mean 21.5±14.9 months). In two cases, in the presence of a tumor microenvironment, metastases to the liver were detected 6 and 10 months after enucleation. MicroRNA-155 levels in a volunteer group were used as the control baseline, set at 100% for clarity and convenience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MicroRNA-155 expression levels were higher in patients with lymphoid infiltration (<i>p</i><0.05) and tended to increase with the degree of primary tumor infiltration (<i>p</i><0.001), which in itself, with the appearance of a perifocal lymphoid environment, indicated a poor prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monitoring microRNA-155 expression levels in the plasma of UM patients may help predict occult metastasis prior to enucleation. This is not only crucial for clinical follow-up but may also play a significant role in the development of targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of vitrectomy on changes in molecular biomarker levels of the vitreous cavity in the early postoperative period in proliferative diabetic retinopathy].","authors":"Yu Yusef, D V Petrachkov, K V Baryshev, A G Matyushchenko","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514102130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514102130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determining the levels of molecular biomarkers detected in the vitreous body in various pathological conditions (including diabetic retinopathy), allows for a better understanding of their pathogenesis and optimization of treatment approaches. The multiplex assay is a modern alternative to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enabling the simultaneous analysis of a large number of biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was performed to identify changes in the levels of vitreous biomarkers in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the early postoperative period following 25-gauge vitrectomy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 24 patients (24 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by PDR requiring surgical intervention for tractional retinal detachment, subtotal or total vitreous hemorrhage, or tractional diabetic macular edema (DME). Vitreous samples were collected from all patients at the first stage of vitrectomy and one month after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One month after surgery, the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decreased from 203.8±228.0 to 113±95 pg/ml; however, the difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i>=0.307). A significant reduction was observed in the concentrations of the following pro-inflammatory biomarkers: bFGF, CTACK, Eotaxin, HGF, IL-1β, -1α, -4, -12 (p40), -16, -18, IL-2Rα, IP-10, MIG, SCF, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, MIF, and M-CSF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main effect of vitrectomy on pro-inflammatory cytokines is reduction of their concentration, which confirms the buffering role of the vitreous body in the accumulation of molecular biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}