Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by varicella zoster virus].","authors":"A M Ryumin, A A Pavlova, D M Sobchak, I A Otmahova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101199","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ophthalmic herpes zoster is the second most common form of herpes zoster and can lead to complete vision loss. Since necrotizing herpetic retinopathies are relatively rare and often reported as isolated clinical cases, establishing a unified approach to managing such patients is challenging. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge on the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic features, and treatment of progressive outer retinal necrosis. A total of 30 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2011 and 2019 and accessible through the EBSCO database were analyzed. The search employed relevant keywords and abbreviations: varicella zoster virus (VZV), herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), necrotizing herpetic retinopathies (NHRs), and progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN). The results of this analysis present the current understanding of the prevalence, clinical features, and management strategies for progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by VZV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Artificial intelligence in assessment of individual risks of age-related macular degeneration progression].","authors":"Yu Yusef, A A Plyukhova, N Yusef","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2025141021123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2025141021123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative retinal disease and a leading cause of blindness in older adults worldwide. According to numerous studies, the number of affected individuals reached 196 million in 2020, with projections estimating an increase to 288 million by 2040, including 18.6 million cases of advanced AMD. The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled researchers and clinicians to characterize microstructural changes in different retinal layers at earlier disease stages and improve monitoring strategies. Important steps have been taken to develop algorithms capable of recognizing early signs of AMD, assessing its severity, and predicting progression. These algorithms have formed the basis for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven systems applicable to any hardware or software exhibiting intelligent behavior. OCT imaging allows for the identification of biomarkers whose presence or interaction with other factors predict transition from intermediate to advanced AMD. The obtained data can provide deeper insights into the pathogenesis of intermediate AMD, enhance early diagnosis for timely intervention, and facilitate the search for new treatment options. Artificial intelligence could make this process easier, simpler, less time-consuming, and more accurate by integrating structural OCT data with genetic risk indicators and lifestyle characteristics. However, the results are still inconsistent due to factors leading to limited result reliability, such as database quality, sample sizes, and data acquisition methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effects of intraoperative use of angiogenesis inhibitors on outcomes and complication rates in the surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy].","authors":"D V Petrachkov, V M Filippov, S Sh Balkar","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514102144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514102144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) complications, such as vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment, as well as macular involvement, remains a complex multifactorial challenge. The use of angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs) at different stages of patient management is being investigated. In particular, intraoperative use of AIs appears to be pathogenetically justified.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the effect of intraoperative administration of AIs on the outcomes and complication rates in the surgical treatment of PDR.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comparative analysis of anatomical and functional outcomes, as well as postoperative complication rates, was performed in two comparable groups of patients who underwent surgery for PDR complications: one with intraoperative AI use (60 cases, 60 eyes), and one without it (109 cases, 109 eyes). The evaluation was conducted at the early (1 month) and long-term (6 months) postoperative follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of AIs was significantly correlated with higher postoperative visual acuity at all follow-up periods and with lower central retinal thickness (CRT) at 1 month after surgery. The complication rate was numerically higher in the group without AIs use, with borderline statistical significance noted for vitreous hemorrhage and anterior segment neovascularization (<i>p</i>=0.079 and <i>p</i>=0.096, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in the incidence of diabetic macular edema (DME) or cases of vitreous hemorrhage requiring revision surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the high variability in clinical presentation of PDR, the use of AIs at different stages of treatment is justified. The study provides promising insights into the effects of intraoperative AIs administration on anatomical and functional outcomes, as well as complication rates. Further research into AIs effects taking into account the cytokine profile may be relevant for the personalized selection of treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A modern perspective on the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy].","authors":"R R Fayzrakhmanov, M M Shishkin, S N Saraeva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101192","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the pathogenic mechanisms underlying proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), focusing on the development of angio-fibrotic switch, neurodegeneration, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic biomarkers, emphasizes the modern perspectives on the role of the vitreous body and mechanical traction in DR progression. Understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms will provide new opportunities for improvement and development of treatments for DR at earlier stages, before significant and persistent functional impairment occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of the structure of the lamina cribrosa in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Structural and circulatory changes in the lamina cribrosa with aging and elevated intraocular pressure].","authors":"N I Kurysheva, V Yu Kim, V E Kim, Kh M Plieva","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101176","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The earliest damage in glaucoma starts in the posterior pole of the eye, where the axons of retinal ganglion cells, that form the optic nerve fibers, and retinal vessels pass through the connective tissue network called the lamina cribrosa (LC). Modern diagnostic techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), enable the visualization of the LC and the assessment of blood flow within it, providing new opportunities for the diagnosis of glaucoma. This review highlights the anatomy and vascularization of the LC, along with the latest research findings obtained via OCT. The article details age-related changes in the LC and the impact of intraocular pressure (IOP) changes on its properties. A novel parameter, the lamina cribrosa curvature index (LCCI), reflecting LC deformation, has been shown to be the most important biomarker of glaucomatous damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Uveal melanoma and its local inflammation - good or bad for the patient?]","authors":"A F Brovkina, L A Kabardikova, P A Shcherbakov, I V Bure, K B Mirzaev","doi":"10.17116/oftalma20251410115","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma20251410115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 21st century is characterized by the study of the features of malignant tumor infiltration by cellular components of the immune system. While some findings suggest a favorable role of lymphoid infiltration in tumors and its positive impact on survival due to immune defense, the opposite is observed in uveal melanoma (UM): lymphoid infiltration significantly worsens the patient's prognosis. Research on this topic is limited, with some studies confined to experimental models.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the correlation between microRNA-155 expression in the plasma of UM patients after primary enucleation and with pathomorphological inflammatory changes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Eighty-three patients with UM were examined, in 21 cases lymphoid infiltration of the primary tumor was detected, in 6 cases accompanied by a microenvironment. The degree of tumor infiltration with lymphocytes was estimated as a percentage of the total number of cells in the analyzed field, ranging from 1% to 25%. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine microRNA-155 expression in the plasma of all patients before and after enucleation, and its correlation with the level of lymphoid infiltration was analyzed. Postoperative follow-up lasted 6 to 53 months (mean 21.5±14.9 months). In two cases, in the presence of a tumor microenvironment, metastases to the liver were detected 6 and 10 months after enucleation. MicroRNA-155 levels in a volunteer group were used as the control baseline, set at 100% for clarity and convenience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MicroRNA-155 expression levels were higher in patients with lymphoid infiltration (<i>p</i><0.05) and tended to increase with the degree of primary tumor infiltration (<i>p</i><0.001), which in itself, with the appearance of a perifocal lymphoid environment, indicated a poor prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monitoring microRNA-155 expression levels in the plasma of UM patients may help predict occult metastasis prior to enucleation. This is not only crucial for clinical follow-up but may also play a significant role in the development of targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of vitrectomy on changes in molecular biomarker levels of the vitreous cavity in the early postoperative period in proliferative diabetic retinopathy].","authors":"Yu Yusef, D V Petrachkov, K V Baryshev, A G Matyushchenko","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514102130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202514102130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determining the levels of molecular biomarkers detected in the vitreous body in various pathological conditions (including diabetic retinopathy), allows for a better understanding of their pathogenesis and optimization of treatment approaches. The multiplex assay is a modern alternative to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enabling the simultaneous analysis of a large number of biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was performed to identify changes in the levels of vitreous biomarkers in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the early postoperative period following 25-gauge vitrectomy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 24 patients (24 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by PDR requiring surgical intervention for tractional retinal detachment, subtotal or total vitreous hemorrhage, or tractional diabetic macular edema (DME). Vitreous samples were collected from all patients at the first stage of vitrectomy and one month after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One month after surgery, the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decreased from 203.8±228.0 to 113±95 pg/ml; however, the difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i>=0.307). A significant reduction was observed in the concentrations of the following pro-inflammatory biomarkers: bFGF, CTACK, Eotaxin, HGF, IL-1β, -1α, -4, -12 (p40), -16, -18, IL-2Rα, IP-10, MIG, SCF, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, MIF, and M-CSF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main effect of vitrectomy on pro-inflammatory cytokines is reduction of their concentration, which confirms the buffering role of the vitreous body in the accumulation of molecular biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Splitting of the iridocorneal complex with duplication of the lens (case study)].","authors":"E A Drozdova, E V Yadykina, A A Karavaeva, T V Kalinina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514102185","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514102185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This publication presents a clinical case of a rare ocular anomaly - splitting of the iridocorneal (ICC) complex with duplication of the lens. The article considers epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations of this pathological condition, diagnostic issues and approaches to the management of patients with congenital ocular abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Lower eyelid retraction after inferior rectus recession in thyroid eye disease].","authors":"Y O Grusha, M S Sergeeva, S S Danilov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2025141021101","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2025141021101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The involvement of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in the inflammatory process in thyroid eye disease (TED) often leads to fibrosis, persistent restrictive strabismus, and binocular diplopia. The inferior rectus muscle (IRM) is most commonly affected, resulting in vertical strabismus and hypotropia with significant limitation of upward gaze. Surgical management of restrictive strabismus in TED aims to increase the range of binocular eye movements, eliminate binocular diplopia, and correct the cosmetic defect associated with strabismus. The \"gold standard\" surgery involves weakening of the affected muscles, and is called muscle recession. In cases of severe fibrotic changes, maximal surgical intervention - so-called deep recession - is needed. Due to the anatomical characteristics of the capsulopalpebral fascia (CPF), the main component of the lower eyelid retractors, which originates from the inferior part of the IRM belly, deep IRM recession results in lower eyelid retraction. This significantly affects both the functional state of the lower eyelid (leading to lagophthalmos) and the symmetry of the palpebral fissures. Moderate lower eyelid retraction is typically managed with retractor dissection and lateral canthoplasty, whereas in severe cases various spacers are used. To minimize the number of surgical stages, techniques have been proposed for repositioning and dissecting the Lockwood ligament, specifically the CPF head, simultaneously with IRM recession. However, the effectiveness of these methods remains debatable, and the risk of intraoperative complications is high. Further research is needed to develop an optimal surgical approach for TED patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 2","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neuroprotective therapy of glaucoma].","authors":"A S Vlasova, S A Petrov, E V Renzyak, T N Malishevskaya","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202514101183","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202514101183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is a chronic multifactorial neurodegenerative disease; the most studied local risk factors for glaucoma progression are elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and its diurnal fluctuations. However, normalization of IOP does not always guarantee stabilization of the glaucomatous process. This article reviews data from international and Russian studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and discusses current approaches to its therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"141 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}