Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Risk factors associated to amblyopia in children: a case-control study].","authors":"C R Plasencia, J P Plasencia, C C García, J Caballero-Alvarado, C Zavaleta-Corvera","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614204146","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614204146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amblyopia is one of the most common causes of preventable visual impairment in children. Identifying population-specific risk factors is essential to guide early screening and intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine ocular and non-ocular risk factors associated with amblyopia in children.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control study was conducted using medical records of 62 children diagnosed with amblyopia and 186 age-matched controls (3-14 years old), between January 2019 and December 2020. Data on demographic, perinatal, and ocular characteristics were collected. Associations between potential risk factors and amblyopia were evaluated using chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of amblyopic and control participants was comparable (8.32±3.43 vs. 8.01±3.54 years; <i>p</i>=0.54). Amblyopia was significantly associated with hyperopia (OR=3.99; 95% CI 1.14-13.27), astigmatism (OR=3.82; 95% CI 1.35-12.10), and strabismus (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.34-4.44). The combination of hyperopia and astigmatism showed the strongest association (OR=4.06; 95% CI 2.21-7.30). No significant relationships were observed for prematurity (<i>p</i>=0.842) or socioeconomic status (<i>p</i>=0.587).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Refractive errors and strabismus were the main amblyogenic factors identified in this pediatric population. These findings emphasize the importance of early vision screening and timely correction of refractive and alignment abnormalities to prevent amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Microbiota and microbiome of the lacrimal drainage system].","authors":"Sh R Kuzbekov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614203191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614203191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review analyzes current concepts of the role of the microbiota and microbiome in the physiology and pathology of the human lacrimal drainage system (LDS). The terms are clearly differentiated: microbiota is the collection of living microorganisms, whereas microbiome also includes their genetic material and habitat. The article describes anatomical features of the LDS and involutional changes in adults (atrophy of the lacrimal puncta, canalicular fibrosis, and nasolacrimal duct stenosis), which predispose to tear stagnation and inflammation. The review includes a comparative analysis of the microbiological spectrum in healthy individuals and patients with dacryocystitis and canaliculitis. The composition of the flora was found to differ substantially depending on age (predominance of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> in children versus <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. in adults) and geographical region. Metagenomic sequencing data (16S rRNA) demonstrate significantly greater microbial diversity compared with conventional culture methods, revealing a broad spectrum of aerobes, anaerobes, and fungi. The work pays particular attention to regional resistance patterns, including the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in several Asian countries. Based on the literature data this study proposes and algorithm for empirical antibacterial therapy, taking into account the likely pathogens, as well as the indications for surgical correction, and emphasizes the prospects for creating a national map of the LDS microbiome in the Russian Federation to optimize treatment strategies for dacryocystitis and dacryostenosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 3","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Experimental assessment of mass transfer in the human cornea using cesium ion migration as a model].","authors":"Yu Yusef, I A Novikov, G A Osipyan, R Yu Pishchalnikov, A I Novikova, Kh Khraystin, A K Dzamikhova, N P Kiryushchenkova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142011101","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2026142011101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of endothelial corneal dystrophies involves disruption of the natural balance between fluid influx into and efflux from the corneal stroma. Regulation of fluid transport across the endothelial layer <i>in vivo</i> is primarily associated with the activity of sodium-potassium pumps. However, the role of the physicochemical properties of the cornea as a functioning connective tissue should also be taken into account. One possible approach to assessing the efficiency of water transport in the cornea is the measurement of concentration kinetics of alkali cations.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to experimentally assess the physical mass transfer of alkali cations in the human cornea, taking into account the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP), using Cs⁺ as a model.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The experiment used seven corneoscleral flaps with a diameter of 15 mm, which were mounted on an original experimental setup designed to assess the rate of fluid penetration into corneal structures and visualize it. The test was performed both in the absence of hydrostatic IOP simulation and under a pressure of 20 mm Hg with different exposure times. The distribution of cesium across the corneal cross-section was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three stromal zones with different patterns of cation accumulation and transport were identified. It was also established that when alkali cations originated from the aqueous humor, the transverse concentration profile depended on the presence of IOP. Using cesium as a model, it was shown that in the absence of simulated IOP, this alkali cation was distributed evenly from the endothelium to the epithelium, whereas under a pressure of 20 mm Hg its maximum concentration was observed in the mid-stromal zone (180-360 µm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The original experimental setup and the proposed methodology for studying physical mass transfer in the human cornea demonstrated that, under additional pressure close to intraocular pressure, the stroma represents a heterogeneous medium for penetrating high-atomic-weight alkali cations. This specific feature of corneal osmotic permeability may be used in the future for pharmacokinetic modeling or in other fundamental and applied studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Remodelling of the lamina cribrosa of the sclera in optic nerve axonal injury].","authors":"Yu A Huseva, M I Pazniak","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614201160","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614201160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the morphological features of the lamina cribrosa (LC) of the scleral in terms of their potential role in optic nerve (ON) axonal injury.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Longitudinal sections of the prelaminar, laminar, and postlaminar portions of the ON from human corneal donors were examined. Sections were stained with Masson's trichrome and analyzed using the Bioscan AT+ software. Neurofilament (NF) expression was assessed immunohistochemically using the Neurofilament NE-14 antibody and quantified with ImageJ 1.54i. Statistical analysis included Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Kendall's tau tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ratio of connective tissue to neural components in the LC varied and correlated with age (<i>χ</i>²=21.09, <i>p</i>=0.0018). Based on these differences, three LC patterns were identified: mixed, elastic, and collagenous. The mixed LC pattern was most prevalent across all age groups; the elastic pattern predominated in younger individuals (<44 years); the collagenous pattern was most common in individuals older than 60 years. NF expression was lowest in the mixed type LC, increased significantly in the elastic type LC, and was highest in the >60-year age group with the collagenous type LC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Remodelling of the LC of the sclera characterized by a predominance of collagenous tissue, primarily perivascularly, and accompanied by deformation of the anterior LC surface in individuals older than 60 years, together with a tendency toward increased deviation of ON axons passing through the LC, should be considered potential risk factors for ON axonal injury. The observed variability in the NF cytoskeleton, which preceded changes in axonal transport, may be used as an early marker of retinal ganglion cell damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 1","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nociceptive and neuropathic pain: impact of the ocular surface].","authors":"N V Sheludchenko, S E Avetisov, A P Vasileva, S Yussef, V M Sheludchenko, M A Makarova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142021107","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma2026142021107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular pain has many manifestations. In addition to discomfort, it may lead to reduced visual perception, visual performance, and the quality of life. In modern life and medical practice, numerous conditions can cause or provoke eye pain. It is important to correctly differentiate between nociceptive (short-term) and neuropathic (prolonged, organic) eye pain. In the case of nociceptive pain, the patient's condition can often be improved by identifying and eliminating the underlying cause. Neuropathic pain requires a comprehensive treatment strategy with long-term correction of the patient's psychosomatic status. This review discusses the morphological and physiological aspects of different types of eye pain, their causes, as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Antiangiogenic therapy after cataract surgery in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (clinical observation)].","authors":"E A Litvina, A R Illarionova, O M Potapova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614202157","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614202157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of age-related cataract and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) presents a clinically challenging scenario, as it requires continuation of anti-angiogenic therapy during the perioperative period. The impact of cataract phacoemulsification (PE) on nAMD activity and the need for continued anti-VEGF treatment remains a subject of debate.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assessed the safety profile and progression of nAMD over 12 months following phacoemulsification in patients undergoing treatment with aflibercept and brolucizumab.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective-prospective study included 24 patients (24 eyes) with nAMD and age-related cataract. Two groups were formed: the brolucizumab group (<i>n</i>=12) and the aflibercept group (<i>n</i>=12). All patients underwent PE with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The examination protocol included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, biomicroscopy, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography. Outcomes were evaluated over 12 months preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. The analysis included BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT), presence of intra-, subretinal, and subpigment epithelial fluid, and the number of anti-VEGF injections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of injections did not increase during the 12 months after surgery amounting to 3.1±1.1 in the brolucizumab group and 3.8±1.4 in the aflibercept group (<i>p</i>=0.22). BCVA improved by 0.10 in the brolucizumab group and by 0.05 in the aflibercept group. CRT decreased by 46 µm and 29 µm, respectively. Patients treated with brolucizumab demonstrated more pronounced positive structural dynamics, including a reduction in the frequency of subretinal and intraretinal fluid occurrence. No postoperative adverse events were recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phacoemulsification does not negatively affect the course of nAMD and does not require increased frequency of anti-VEGF therapy. The data confirm the safety of continuing treatment after cataract surgery. Brolucizumab demonstrated more pronounced functional and morphological improvements compared with aflibercept.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Results of the multicenter study \"Registry of patients with inherited retinal dystrophies caused by confirmed biallelic mutations in the RPE65 and RLBP1 genes in Russia (REGINA)\". Report 2. Clinical, social and demographic characteristics of inherited retinal pathologies].","authors":"V V Kadyshev, A A Stepanova, K K Shefer, I V Kondrashina, O A Shchagina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614201179","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614201179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The secondary objectives of the study were to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) phenotypes, including Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), to characterize the diagnostic and treatment pathways of patients with confirmed biallelic mutations in the <i>RPE65</i> and/or <i>RLBP1</i> genes, and to estimate the prevalence of <i>RPE65</i>-associated inherited retinopathy and <i>RLBP1</i>-associated pathology in Russia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This noninterventional cohort study was conducted using retrospective data collected from patients with LCA and RP phenotypes in Russia and annual prospective follow-up of patients with IRDs caused by biallelic mutations in the <i>RPE65</i> or <i>RLBP1</i> genes. The registry was formed between July 20, 2022 and March 3, 2025. Eligible participants were entered into the database, followed by a two-stage genetic diagnostic algorithm to confirm biallelic mutations in the <i>RPE65</i> or <i>RLBP1</i> genes. The data were entered into standardized electronic case report forms, verified, and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 2425 patients from 83 regions of the Russian Federation diagnosed with IRDs. The majority of patients were from Moscow, the Moscow Region, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Tatarstan, Saint Petersburg, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The mean age was 23.22±16.74 years, pediatric patients accounted for 51.34% of analyzed cases. Females and males comprised 47.01% and 52.99% of the cohort, respectively. In patients with confirmed biallelic mutations in the <i>RPE65</i> gene, disease onset was characterized by nyctalopia (47.5%), nystagmus (40%), pigment redistribution (40%), non-recordable/extinguished electroretinogram (45.0%), and prolonged dark adaptation (35.0%). Mean best-corrected visual acuity was reduced (OD: 0.14±0.12; OS: 0.15±0.13), while central retinal thickness in the foveal region remained relatively preserved (OD: 178.70±38.43 µm; OS: 179.17±35.97 µm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study \"Registry of patients with inherited retinal dystrophies caused by confirmed biallelic mutations in the <i>RPE65</i> and <i>RLBP1</i> genes in Russia (REGINA)\" allowed evaluation of a representative IRD cohort, providing a detailed description of key clinical, social, and demographic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 1","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Artificial tears and immunosuppressive therapy for immune-mediated disorders of the ocular surface].","authors":"S V Trufanov, I A Riks","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614202164","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614202164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune-mediated ocular surface disorders represent a group of diseases associated with hypersensitivity reactions. Most of these conditions have a chronic progressive course, which can lead to severe consequences, including loss of visual function. In addition to necessary systemic therapy that depends on the underlying condition, the basic approach to the treatment of immune-mediated ocular surface diseases consists of immunosuppressants and artificial tears. In the acute stage or during exacerbations of severe immune-mediated lesions, the drug of choice is the glucocorticosteroid (GCS) dexamethasone. Fluorometholone and loteprednol considered to be \"soft\", i.e., low-potency GCSs. Although the use of cyclosporine A, including in the form of a cationic emulsion (Ikervis), is considered ineffective for most forms of dry eye disease, it may be used in a selected group of patients with moderate immune keratoconjunctivitis. In more severe cases, the use of the more potent agent tacrolimus is advisable. As for mandatory tear substitution therapy in this patient population, combined formulations containing hyaluronic acid and the reparative agent dexpanthenol appear promising. The composition of Stillavit Intensive provides reliable hydration of ocular surface tissues due to sodium hyaluronate 1.8 mg, additional anti-inflammatory effects mediated by sodium chondroitin sulfate, and regeneration of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium through D-panthenol 50.0 mg.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Biomarkers in tear fluid in keratoconus].","authors":"N B Chesnokova, T A Pavlenko, O V Beznos","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614204199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614204199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents literature data indicating that tear fluid composition in keratoconus reflects the course of metabolic processes in this disease. In keratoconus, tear fluid shows changes in the activity of lysyl oxidase, prolidase, and heparanase, which participate in corneal structure remodeling. Tear fluid also shows enhanced free radical reactions, reduced intensity of energy processes, and disturbances in the protease-inhibitor balance and cytokine status. Despite the absence of visible signs of inflammation, tear fluid changes confirm the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. Significant correlations between clinical study findings and tear levels of markers of these metabolic processes allow their use as biomarkers for detecting early stages of keratoconus, assessing disease severity, predicting progression, identifying therapeutic targets, and objectively evaluating treatment effectiveness, including after corneal cross-linking.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Functional and anatomical outcomes of various perioperative treatment strategies for diabetic macular edema after cataract phacoemulsification].","authors":"A Zh Fursova, M A Vasilyeva, A S Derbeneva, Yu A Karlash, F K Rabota","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614205156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selecting the optimal perioperative treatment strategy for diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients undergoing cataract phacoemulsification remains an important clinical challenge. The effects of different approaches on changes in morphological OCT biomarkers remain insufficiently studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of three perioperative strategies for DME treatment after cataract phacoemulsification.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 102 patients (102 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, DME, and cataract. In group 1 (<i>n</i>=42), patients received preoperative anti-VEGF therapy followed by treatment according to the Treat-and-Extend regimen, group 2 (<i>n</i>=29) in addition to the same anti-VEGF regimen underwent intraoperative dexamethasone implantation, and group 3 (<i>n</i>=31) first underwent intraoperative dexamethasone implantation and then received anti-VEGF therapy. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), fluid OCT biomarkers, hyperreflective foci, and the inter-injection interval were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BCVA improved significantly in all groups by month 12 of follow-up (from 0.22±0.12 to 0.64±0.17; <i>p</i><0.001). The combined strategy provided the earliest reduction in CRT and CCT, rapid resolution of intraretinal and subretinal fluid, a decrease in the number of hyperreflective foci, and prolongation of the inter-injection interval. With the DEX-first strategy, after a pronounced early effect, by month 6 DME had reactivated with loss of anatomical response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite comparable functional outcomes at 12 months, the perioperative strategies differed substantially in the speed of achieving and maintaining anatomical response. The combined strategy provided the most favorable trajectory of morphological response and the most effective control of the inflammatory and exudative activity of DME in the early postoperative period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}