Vestnik oftalmologii最新文献

{"title":"[Modern diagnostic possibilities for peripapillary neovascular membranes. Report 1. OCT diagnostic signs].","authors":"I V Andreeva, A S Stoyukhina, S A Smolin, V Hamza","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614204126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614204126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripapillary subretinal neovascular membranes (SRNVMs) develop due to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), retinal angioid streaks, inflammatory diseases, congenital optic disc anomalies, and other causes. Diagnosis of peripapillary SRNVMs relies on multimodal imaging, with optical coherence tomography (OCT) being the main method.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to identify differential diagnostic signs of peripapillary SRNVMs of various etiologies according to OCT data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We examined 48 patients with active peripapillary SRNVMs. All patients underwent OCT, including OCT angiography. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In nAMD, peripapillary SRNVMs presented as fibrovascular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment (<i>p</i>=0.05), with a \"double-layer\" sign and drusen in one-third of cases (<i>p</i>=0.017). Subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with nAMD did not differ significantly from the age-related norm (<i>p</i>=0.473 and <i>p</i>=0.384 for the study and fellow eyes, respectively); the inner choroidal surface had a smooth profile (<i>p</i>=0.033), and the Bruch membrane was preserved (<i>p</i>=0.033). In angioid streaks, OCT visualized a thin choroid with folding of the inner surface (<i>p</i><0.0001) and ruptures of the Bruch membrane (<i>p</i><0.0001). In the area of peripapillary SRNVM, choroidal thickness was lower than in patients with nAMD (<i>p</i>=0.024) and pachychoroid spectrum diseases (<i>p</i><0.0001). In pachychoroid-related SRNVMs, choroidal thickness in the SRNVM area and subfoveally, both in the study and fellow eyes, significantly exceeded the values observed in SRNVMs of other etiologies (<i>p</i><0.0001). RPE changes mainly presented as a shallow local detachment (<i>p</i>=0.02) with a saw-tooth contour and no defects. Subretinal hyperreflective material in the SRNVM area was also absent (<i>p</i>=0.02), but isolated subretinal fluid predominated in pachychoroid neovasculopathy (<i>p</i>=0.004), whereas a combination of subretinal and intraretinal fluid was more prevalent in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To correctly determine the type of peripapillary SRNVM, it is necessary to pay primary attention to the condition of the choroid and Bruch membrane, the presence of drusen and subretinal hyperreflective material in the SRNVM area and subfoveally, presence of fluid in the SRNVM area, and the condition of the fellow eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Surgical rehabilitation of severe contusion of eye, adnexa and orbit after a gunshot wound from a traumatic handgun in a child].","authors":"P A Banshchikov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614204162","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614204162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a clinical case of staged surgical rehabilitation of a child with severe combined contusion of the eye, adnexa and orbit, which occurred as a result of a gunshot wound with a rubber bullet from a traumatic pistol. The stages of reconstructive treatment are described step by step: removal of a foreign body from the right orbit, restoration of the orbital bone walls using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) implant (manufactured by Ekoflon, Russia), evisceration of the right eye with the formation of a musculoskeletal stump using a PTFE graft, individual ocular prosthetics, correction of ptosis of the upper eyelid on the side of the anophthalmic orbit. Assessment of treatment outcomes after three years showed that an anatomically adequate conjunctival cavity had been formed, the integrity and mobility of the upper eyelid had been restored, and symmetry of the palpebral fissure relative to the healthy side had been achieved. The use of modern ophthalmic surgical technologies ensured maximum restoration of damaged structures of the ocular adnexa and made it possible to achieve significant cosmetic and functional results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 4","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes in retinal light sensitivity and morphometry during surgical treatment of primary glaucoma with physiotherapeutic stimulation].","authors":"Yu Yusef, V M Sheludchenko, A V Korzhavina, D V Kosova, A V Volzhanin","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614205148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgery for advanced stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) aims to normalize intraocular pressure (IOP). A course of physiotherapy during subsequent stages of surgical treatment may have an additional beneficial effect.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluated the effect of physiotherapy in patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and surgically compensated IOP.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 50 patients (64 eyes) with stage II-III POAG and indications for glaucoma surgery - nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS). IOP, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), visual field index (VFI), average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (AvgRNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) parameters were assessed before NPDS and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. In the study group, 1 month after NPDS, patients received a 2-week course of adjunctive physiotherapy consisting of three procedures - transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation, endonasal electrophoresis with the 0.1% retinoprotective agent Semax, and heliox (21/79) inhalation. The control group received 0.1% Semax nasal drops twice daily for 10 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One month after NPDS, corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) decreased significantly (<i>p</i><0.001), with no subsequent increase. In the study group, MD improved from -8.62±1.86 dB to -7.03±1.36 dB (<i>p</i><0.01), while adjunctive physiotherapy produced a further improvement to -4.33±0.98 dB (<i>p</i><0.0001), which persisted for up to 6 months after surgery. In the control group, MD returned to baseline values by month 3. Analysis of VFI, AvgRNFL, and GCC revealed no statistically significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that comprehensive physiotherapy potentiates improvement in retinal function after surgery in patients with advanced POAG, with the effect lasting for up to 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of topical glaucoma therapy on the corneal subepithelial layer].","authors":"A A Popova, Z V Surnina, V V Strakhov, N Yu Shirina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614205124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of vision loss worldwide. In Russia, more than 1 million patients with glaucoma were registered in 2022, including more than 100 000 patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma. Detection of early-stage glaucoma has improved in Russia thanks to the development of high-precision diagnostic methods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to assess the effect of topical therapy on the structure of corneal nerve fibers and on the status of Langerhans cells using two-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 102 elderly individuals (204 eyes). The observation group consisted of patients diagnosed with stage I-III primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) receiving conservative glaucoma treatment (<i>n</i>=73, 146 eyes), and the comparison group consisted of ophthalmologically healthy volunteers (<i>n</i>=29, 58 eyes). Patients with a history of laser or surgical interventions on the eye were excluded from the study. Laser confocal microscopy was performed using an HRT III device with Rostock Cornea Module (Heidelberg, Germany). The obtained confocal images were analyzed using the authors' original software program Liner 1.2 S.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of glaucoma stage on neuroretinal rim area. The eye drop use had an insignificant effect on the relationship between glaucoma stage and the anisotropy coefficient of corneal nerve fiber orientation. We found no statistically significant relation between the anisotropy coefficient of corneal nerve fiber orientation and the number of Langerhans cells in the subbasal corneal nerve plexus layer between the groups that used eye drops and those that did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with glaucoma, corneal confocal microscopy findings may be informative, with particular attention warranted to the anisotropy coefficient of corneal nerve fiber orientation and the status of Langerhans cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Features of local and systemic production of major immune response cytokines in epithelial lacrimal gland tumors].","authors":"A G Amiryan, S V Saakyan, N V Balatskaya, M Yu Gusakova, E S Sorozhkina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614205138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigation of the cytokine profile in tear fluid (TF) as a local environment, as well as in blood serum (BS), which reflects systemic immune status, may provide valuable information on the pathogenetic features and biological behavior of epithelial lacrimal gland tumors (LGTs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to investigate changes in the levels of key cytokines associated with the immune response (IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-2, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-10) in TF and BS of patients with epithelial LGTs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study examined 21 participants, including 10 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with epithelial LGTs (pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was diagnosed in 6 cases and lacrimal gland cancer (LGC) - in 5 cases). Cytokine levels in test samples were determined by multiplex analysis (CBA platform) using a flow cytometer. The analysis accounted for both the concentration of immunomediators and the frequency of their detection in the tested material.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with PA and LGC showed changes in both the qualitative and quantitative composition of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. In TF of patients with LGC, the highest concentrations of IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-17A, and IL-10 were observed, mainly on the affected side. Patients with PA also showed elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, and IL-17A compared with the corresponding control values, but cytokine activation was less pronounced than in LGC. The analysis showed that assessment of TNF-<i>α</i> levels in TF is the most promising diagnostic marker of LGC: elevated concentrations of this cytokine were detected on the tumor side in all patients and were almost 20-fold higher than in PA (<i>p</i><0.05 when comparing LGC patients with controls and the tumor side in LGC with PA). In BS the differences between the groups were less pronounced and not indicative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained data allow the local cytokine profile to be considered as an additional noninvasive tool for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant epithelial LGTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modern principles of ophthalmic surgery for combat trauma: analysis of experience from the Special Military Operation].","authors":"A N Kazantsev","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142051110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2026142051110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combat ocular trauma presents a complex medical and tactical challenge in modern armed conflicts, it is characterized by a high frequency of combined injuries and requires a specialized system of care. The experience of the Special Military Operation (SMO) provides unique clinical material for analysis and for developing modern surgical principles. This review describes the specific features of combat ocular trauma in the context of the SMO: the predominance of multiple radiolucent orbital foreign bodies, extensive lacrimal drainage system injuries, and a pronounced contusion component. The article systematizes an adaptive model of staged treatment with delayed primary surgical care and rapid evacuation to specialized centers, and demonstrates the effectiveness of a strategy of multistage combined optical reconstructive surgery, including vitrectomy, keratoplasty, and orbital reconstruction. Comparative analysis confirmed global trends (the role of blast injury and the importance of treatment timelines), and identified specific features of the SMO that require adaptation of protocols. The SMO experience confirms the evolution of military field ophthalmic surgery toward early, technology-based, anatomically targeted reconstruction. Integrating Russian experience with international data makes it possible to formulate universal principles of care aimed at maximizing preservation of visual function and improving the quality of life of the wounded. Further development of the rehabilitation system and establishment of national trauma registries are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical case of branch retinal artery occlusion in inherited thrombophilia].","authors":"L S Hamraeva, G Kh Xakimova, Sh U Nazarkulova","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614205169","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614205169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is an extremely rare vascular event in the pediatric population. Unlike elderly patients, in whom atherosclerosis is the primary cause, BRAO in children and adolescents is often associated with systemic conditions, including hypercoagulation and genetic predisposition to thrombosis. Ophthalmoscopy and OCT revealed local ischemic retinal edema along the inferior temporal branch of the central retinal artery. Systemic examination and molecular genetic testing revealed combined genetic thrombophilia: heterozygous mutation of the <i>MTHFR</i> gene (<i>A1298C</i>) and homozygous PAI-1 polymorphism (4G/4G). There was also an increase in the level of D-dimer (0.65 µg/ml). The patient received comprehensive conservative therapy aimed at improving microcirculation in the retinal vessels, dilating capillaries, lowering intraocular pressure, stabilizing the rheological properties of blood, and enhancing neuroprotection. Despite the fact that the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was restored to 1.0, there was a persistent absolute scotoma in the upper nasal quadrant, corresponding to the area of secondary atrophy of the inner retinal layers in the affected zone recorded on follow-up OCT. This case highlights the clinical importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of retinal vascular occlusions in children. BRAO in a child should be considered as a potential marker of serious systemic disease, in particular hereditary thrombophilia, which requires early intervention to prevent further complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 5","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Non-glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy: epidemiology, etiological structure, and clinical diagnostic features].","authors":"N L Sheremet, N M Rustamova, A A Shaposhnikova, A Yu Brazhnikov, N I Briko","doi":"10.17116/oftalma2026142031101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2026142031101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy (ONA) is a polyetiological pathological condition characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cell axons and structural changes in the optic nerve head. ONA is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and disability across different age groups. This review presents current data on the epidemiology, clinical and demographic characteristics, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ONA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 3","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the inflammatory response after implantation of different types of phakic intraocular lenses in high myopia].","authors":"Z S Kamalov, Kh M Kamilov, A F Yusupov, N N Zaynutdinov","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614203138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614203138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High myopia is one of the main causes of reversible vision loss worldwide among the working-age population. Despite the widespread use of phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) for correction, immunological changes in the aqueous humor before and after implantation remain insufficiently studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to assess and compare cytokine levels in the aqueous humor before and after implantation of collamer-based and acrylic-based PIOLs in patients with high myopia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 58 patients (103 eyes) with high myopia scheduled for PIOL implantation. The main group (A) consisted of 36 patients (68 eyes) who received collamer-based PIOLs. The comparison group (B) comprised 22 patients (35 eyes) who received acrylic-based PIOLs. The control group included 20 patients (20 eyes) with emmetropia. Cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, and TGF-<i>β</i>2 were studied only in 18 patients (30 eyes) using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with special reagents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After implantation of different types of PIOLs, all patients included in the study achieved the desired outcome: residual refractive error (0.75±0.5 D) and visual acuity (0.85±0.17) remained stable during the 24-month postoperative period. Before PIOL implantation, patients with high myopia showed a statistically significant increase in IL-6 concentration - more than 2.5-fold (9.51±0.52 pg/ml vs 3.82±0.26 pg/ml in the control group) (<i>p</i><0.001). The TNF-<i>α</i> level increased almost 1.8-fold (9.98±0.53 pg/ml vs 5.63±0.42 pg/ml in the control group) (<i>p</i><0.001). In the main group, the TGF-<i>β</i>2 level was 15.99±1.09 pg/ml, which was 4.1- times higher than the control values (3.88±0.26 pg/ml) (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PIOL implantation in high myopia is an effective, safe, and reliable correction method associated with marked changes in the local cytokine profile. Collamer lenses induce a less intense inflammatory response and a more active remodeling reaction compared with acrylic lenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 3","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cost analysis of aflibercept 8 mg versus other anti-VEGF agents].","authors":"F E Shadrichev, Yu V Strunina","doi":"10.17116/oftalma202614202140","DOIUrl":"10.17116/oftalma202614202140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the economic impact of aflibercept 8 mg (114.3 mg/ml, 0.263 ml; hereinafter aflibercept 8 mg) compared with alternative anti-VEGF agents in adult patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) over a 2-year treatment period.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study compared different anti-VEGF therapies (aflibercept 8 mg; aflibercept 2 mg - 40 mg/ml, 0.278 ml; brolucizumab 6 mg - 120 mg/ml, 0.23 ml; ranibizumab 0.5 mg - 10 mg/ml, 0.23 ml) from the perspective of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation over a 2-year horizon. The number of intravitreal injections was determined based on an indirect comparative analysis; the number of administrations was reconstructed using an anchor value for aflibercept 8 mg and published differences in injection frequencies. Costs were calculated using the weighted average procurement price per package. The burden on the compulsory health insurance (CHI) system was estimated based on the average cost per insurance case (Diagnosis-Related Group, DRG, for \"Intravitreal drug administration\") of 47 459.63 RUB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The costs over 2 years were lower with aflibercept 8 mg, resulting in savings of 99 713-140 434 RUB per patient with nAMD and 98 305-173 196 RUB with DME, depending on the comparator drug. When assessing the burden on the CHI system, savings amounted to 142 378-489 783 RUB per patient with nAMD and 119 598-541 039 RUB per patient with DME.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of aflibercept 8 mg in nAMD and DME reduces both direct treatment costs and expenditures of the CHI system in the first and second years of therapy, as well as cumulatively over 2 years. The results remain robust under price reductions and support the economic feasibility of the use of aflibercept 8 mg.</p>","PeriodicalId":23529,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik oftalmologii","volume":"142 2","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}