Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of an inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with Toll-like receptor ligands against transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens","authors":"Sugandha Raj ,&nbsp;Mohammadali Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato ,&nbsp;Nitish Boodhoo ,&nbsp;Myles St Denis ,&nbsp;Éva Nagy ,&nbsp;Samira Mubareka ,&nbsp;Khalil Karimi ,&nbsp;Shahriar Behboudi ,&nbsp;Shayan Sharif","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Avian influenza viruses (AIV), including the </span>H9N2<span> subtype, pose a major threat to the poultry industry as well as to human health. Although vaccination provides a protective control measure, its effect on transmission remains uncertain in chickens. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of beta-propiolactone (BPL) whole inactivated H9N2 virus (WIV) vaccine either alone or in combination with CpG ODN 2007 (CpG), poly(I:C) or AddaVax™ (ADD) to prevent H9N2 AIV transmission in chickens. The seeder chickens (trial 1) and recipient chickens (trial 2) were vaccinated twice with different vaccine formulations. Ten days after secondary vaccination, seeder chickens were infected with H9N2 AIV (trial 1) and co-housed with healthy recipient chickens. In trial 2, the recipient chickens were vaccinated and then exposed to H9N2 AIV-infected seeder chickens. Our results demonstrated that BPL+ CpG and BPL+ poly(I:C) treated chickens exhibited reduced oral and cloacal shedding in both trials post-exposure (PE). The number of H9N2 AIV+ recipient chickens in the BPL+ CpG group (trial 1) was lower than in other vaccinated groups, and the reduction was higher in BPL+ CpG recipient chickens in trial 2. BPL+ CpG vaccinated chickens demonstrated enhanced systemic antibody responses<span><span> with high IgM and IgY titers with higher rates of seroprotection by day 21 post-primary vaccination (ppv). Additionally, the induction of IFN-γ expression and production was higher in the BPL+ CpG treated chickens. </span>Interleukin (IL)− 2 expression was upregulated in both BPL+ CpG and BPL+ poly(I:C) groups at 12 and 24 hr post-stimulation.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 110715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of apitherapy on canine, equine, and chicken lymphocytes, in vitro","authors":"Jeffrey T. Turn ,&nbsp;Joerg Mayer ,&nbsp;Koichi Nagata ,&nbsp;Frane Banovic ,&nbsp;Kristina Meichner ,&nbsp;David J. Hurley ,&nbsp;Eric Koslowski ,&nbsp;Robert M. Gogal Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Apitherapy is a form of alternative medicine that utilizes products from the western honeybee (<span><em>Apis mellifera</em></span><span><span><span><span><span>), including honey, propolis, and honeybee venom, to improve the health status of human patients by altering host immunity. An added benefit of these products is that they are nutraceuticals and relatively inexpensive to aquire. Currently, little is known about the use of honeybee products in veterinary species, as well as their impact on host immunity. In the present in vitro study, honey, propolis, and honeybee venom were co-cultured with enriched </span>canine, equine, and chicken </span>peripheral blood lymphocytes<span> (PBLs) with cell proliferation, cell viability/apoptosis, and cellular morphology evaluated. </span></span>Concanavalin A<span> (Con A) and dexamethasone were used as stimulatory and suppressive controls, respectively. Honeybee products’ effects on the three veterinary species varied by product and the species. Honey stimulated the PBLs proliferation in all three species but also displayed some increased cytotoxicity. Propolis stimulated proliferation in canine and equine PBLs, however, it suppressed proliferation in the chicken PBLs. Honeybee venom was the strongest PBL stimulant for all three species and in the equine, surpassed the stimulant response of Con A and yet, enhanced PBL </span></span>cell viability<span><span> post culture. In summary, the results of this preliminary in vitro study show that these three honeybee products do impact lymphocyte proliferation and viability in </span>dogs, horses, and chickens, and that more research both in vitro and in vivo will be necessary to draw conclusions regarding their future use as immune stimulants or inhibitors.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 110700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139102427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of age on vitamin D receptor expression, vitamin D metabolism and cytokine production in ex vivo Rhodococcus equi infection of equine alveolar macrophages","authors":"LJ. Berghaus ,&nbsp;J. Cathcart ,&nbsp;RD. Berghaus ,&nbsp;C. Ryan ,&nbsp;RE. Toribio ,&nbsp;KA. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><em>Rhodococcus equi</em></span> (<em>R. equi</em><span>), a pneumonia-causing intracellular bacterium<span>, results in significant morbidity and mortality in young foals, while healthy adult horses rarely develop disease. Survival and replication within alveolar macrophages (AMφ) are the hallmarks of </span></span><em>R. equi</em><span>’s pathogenicity</span><em>.</em><span> The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its ligand, the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)</span>₂D, are important in immune responses to intracellular bacteria. The vitamin D/VDR pathway regulates the downstream production of cytokines in infected human AMφ. The immunomodulatory role of the vitamin D/VDR pathway in equine leukocytes is unknown. The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of <em>R. equi</em> infection and age on synthesis of 1,25(OH)₂<span><span>D, VDR expression, and cytokine production in an </span>ex vivo model of </span><em>R. equi</em> infection in equine AMφ. AMφ were collected from ten healthy foals at 2-, 4- and 8-weeks old and from nine healthy adult horses once via bronchoalveolar lavage. AMφ were mock infected (CONTROL) or infected with a virulent laboratory strain of <em>R. equi</em> for 7 days (INFECTED). VDR expression was determined via RT-qPCR from cell lysates. 1,25(OH)₂<span>D and cytokines were measured in cell supernatant by immunoassays. VDR expression was impacted by age (P = 0.001) with higher expression in AMφ from 8-week-old foals than from 2-week-old foals and adults. There was no significant effect of infection in foal AMφ, but in adults, relative VDR expression was significantly lower in INFECTED AMφ compared to CONTROL AMφ (P = 0.002). There was no effect of age or infection on 1,25(OH)</span>₂D concentration (P &gt; 0.37). Mean TNFα production was significantly higher from INFECTED compared to CONTROL AMφ from 4- and 8-week-old foals and adults (P <u>&lt;</u> 0.005). Mean IFNγ production was significantly higher from AMφ from foals at 8-weeks-old compared to 2-weeks-old (P = 0.013) and higher from INFECTED AMφ than from CONTROL AMφ in foals at 4-weeks-old and in adults (P <u>&lt;</u> 0.027). The proportion of samples producing IL-1β and IL-10 was also significantly higher from INFECTED compared to CONTROL AMφ isolated from 4-week-old foals (P <u>&lt;</u> 0.008). Similarly, in adult samples, IL-17 was produced from a greater proportion of INFECTED compared to CONTROL samples (P = 0.031). These data document age-associated changes in VDR expression and cytokine production in equine AMφ in response to R. <em>equi</em> infection. This preliminary investigation supports the need for further research to fully elucidate if the vitamin D pathway has an immunomodulatory role in the horse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 110707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139093453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Noticeable immune dysregulation-and-suppression in parvovirus affected dogs” [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 265 (2023) 110663]","authors":"Milad Shahbazi Asil ,&nbsp;Niloofar Zarifian ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Valafar ,&nbsp;Darioush Shirani ,&nbsp;Jalil Mehrzad","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 110704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242723001587/pdfft?md5=542c8aa04d21531cb84aaed210261369&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242723001587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 expression levels in pro-inflammatory response in calves with neonatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome","authors":"Kerim Emre Yanar ,&nbsp;Cihan Gür ,&nbsp;Şükrü Değirmençay ,&nbsp;Ömer Aydın ,&nbsp;Mustafa Sinan Aktaş ,&nbsp;Sümeyye Baysal","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The objective of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α), serum immunoglobulin<span> profiles (IgG and IgM), and lipid peroxidation<span> status (MDA) in relation to pro-inflammatory cytokines. A case-controlled, prospective, and observational investigation was completed on 85 calves. Total RNA was isolated from whole blood samples of both the SIRS and healthy calves, followed by reverse transcription into cDNA. The resulting cDNAs were mixed with iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix and primers specific to the relevant genes using the Rotor-Gene Q instrument. After the reaction was completed, gene expressions were normalised against β-actin using the 2</span></span></span>^-ΔΔCT<span> method. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines namely (IL-1β [SIRS: 2.15 ± 0.55, Control: 1.13 ± 0.62; P = 0.001], IL-6 [SIRS: 2.82 ± 0.52, Control: 0.91 ± 0.11; P &lt; 0.001], IL-18 [SIRS: 1.92 ± 0.41, Control: 0.99 ± 0.13; P &lt; 0.001], and TNF-α [SIRS: 2.59 ± 0.28, Control: 0.93 ± 0.09; P &lt; 0.001]) and IGF-1 (SIRS: 3.55 ± 0.55, Control: 0.91 ± 0.15; P &lt; 0.001) were up-regulated in calves with SIRS, while serum IgG (SIRS: 4.16 ± 0.26, Control: 1.73 ± 0.17; P &lt; 0.001), IgM (SIRS: 1.55 ± 0.11, Control: 1.09 ± 0.13; P &lt; 0.001), and MDA levels (SIRS: 41.12 ± 3.48, Control: 3.76 ± 0.81; P &lt; 0.001) increased significantly in these calves. Furthermore, significant (P &lt; 0.01) positive correlations were found in calves with SIRS in relation to the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IGF-1, serum immunoglobulins, and MDA levels. These results suggest that IGF-1 could be a valuable pro-inflammatory marker, considering its high positive correlation with the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) and markers (MDA, IgG, and IgM) in calves with SIRS.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 110706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and functional characterization of bovine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)","authors":"Ambre F. Chapuis ,&nbsp;Omar A. Alfituri ,&nbsp;Jayne C. Hope ,&nbsp;Jo Stevens ,&nbsp;Jo Moore ,&nbsp;Kevin Mclean ,&nbsp;Dorota Androscuk ,&nbsp;Inga Dry","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand (TNF) family involved in immune responses and immunomodulation. Expressed in various cells types around the body, RANKL plays a crucial role in bone remodeling and development of the thymus, lymph nodes and mammary glands. Research in other species demonstrates that RANKL is required for the development of microfold cells (M cells) in the gut, however limited information specific to cattle is available. Cloning and expression of bovine RANKL (BoRANKL) was carried out and bioactivity of the protein was demonstrated in the induction of osteoclast differentiation from both bovine and ovine bone marrow cells. The effects of BoRANKL on particle uptake in bovine enteroids was also assessed. The production of cross-reactive bovine RANKL protein will enable further investigations into cell differentiation using the available ruminant organoid systems, and their role in investigating host-pathogen interactions in cattle and sheep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 110705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242723001599/pdfft?md5=8ed517b9b3f9a744f19ab860a39cbffa&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242723001599-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered apoptosis and proliferation in milk cells and PBMc from BLV-infected bovines with different proviral loads: Possible role of the BCL-2 family proteins, TNF-alpha, and receptors","authors":"M.E. Ladera Gómez ,&nbsp;M.V. Nieto Farias ,&nbsp;M. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;A. Váter ,&nbsp;M.C. Ceriani ,&nbsp;G.L. Dolcini","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Bovines infected by bovine leukemia </span>virus<span> (BLV) are characterized by presenting low proviral load (LPL) or high proviral load (HPL). It is reported that animals with HPL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) present a decrease in apoptosis, an increase in viability and the proliferation rate, while animals that maintain an LPL have an intrinsic ability to control the infection, presenting an increased </span></span>apoptosis rate<span> of their PBMCs. However, there is little information on the effect of BLV on these mechanisms when the virus infects somatic milk cells (SC). This study investigates the mechanisms underlying apoptosis in milk and blood from BLV-infected animals with HPL and LPL. Relative levels of mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF receptor 1 (TNF-RI), TNF receptor 2 (TNF-RII), anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) were measured in SC and PBMCs using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. A significant decrease in the expression of TNF-α in SC from HPL animals vs non-infected bovines was observed, but the infection in SC with BLV did not show a modulation on the expression of TNF receptors. A significant increase in TNF-RI expression in PBMCs from HPL bovines compared to LPL bovines was observed. No significant differences in PBMCs between HPL and LPL compared to non-infected animals concerning TNF-α, TNF-RI, and TNF-RII expression were found. There was a significant increase of both Bcl-2 and Bax in SC from LPL compared to non-infected bovines, but the Bcl-2/Bax ratio showed an anti-apoptotic profile in LPL and HPL bovines compared to non-infected ones. Reduced mRNA expression levels<span><span> of Bax were determined in the PBMCs from HPL compared to LPL subjects. In contrast, BLV-infected bovines did not differ significantly in the mRNA expression of Bax compared to non-infected bovines. Our data suggest that the increased mRNA expression of Bax corresponds to the late lactation state of bovine evaluated and the exacerbated increase of mRNA expression of Bcl-2 may be one of the mechanisms for the negative apoptosis regulation in the </span>mammary gland induced by BLV infection. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of mammary cell death in HPL and LPL BLV-infected bovine mammary gland cells during lactation.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 110703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of doxycycline on canine neutrophil functions","authors":"Johanna C. Rieder ,&nbsp;Nicole Steffensen ,&nbsp;Rabea Imker ,&nbsp;Simon Lassnig ,&nbsp;Nicole de Buhr","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic that is frequently used to treat bacterial infections. Its use has also been described in immune-mediated diseases due to its immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of doxycycline on canine neutrophil functions. Therefore, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were determined after incubation of canine PMNs with doxycycline in three different concentrations (4 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) for one and three hours, respectively. Additionally, a neutrophil killing assay with a doxycycline-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was performed to determine the bactericidal effect of doxycycline treated PMNs in presence of plasma. Doxycycline significantly diminished the production of ROS. However, doxycycline concentrations of 4 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL significantly induced NETs. A synergistic bacteriostatic effect of PMNs and doxycycline on a doxycycline-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolate was detectable. However, already PMNs and especially doxycycline alone inhibited the growth. In summary, doxycycline showed a concentration-dependent immunomodulatory property in canine PMNs with a reduced ROS production and increased NET-induction. This immunomodulatory effect resulted in a slightly increased elimination of a doxycycline-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> by the doxycycline plasma concentrations achieved in dogs<em>.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 110701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242723001551/pdfft?md5=79febd4c20786bd899bc7f44c5079fb9&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242723001551-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a next-generation sequencing protocol for the canine T cell receptor beta chain repertoire","authors":"Cindy L. Zuleger ,&nbsp;Rene Welch Schwartz ,&nbsp;Irene M. Ong ,&nbsp;Michael A. Newton ,&nbsp;David M. Vail ,&nbsp;Mark R. Albertini","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Profiling the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire using next-generation sequencing has become common in both human and translational research. Companion </span>dogs with spontaneous tumors, including </span>canine melanoma, share several features, e.g., natural occurrence, shared environmental exposures, natural outbred population, and </span>immunocompetence<span><span><span>. T cells play an important role in the </span>adaptive immune system by recognizing </span>specific antigens<span> via a surface TCR. As such, understanding the canine T cell response to vaccines, cancer, immunotherapies, and infectious diseases is critically important for both dog and human health. Off-the-shelf commercial reagents, kits and services are readily available for human, non-human primate, and mouse<span> in this context. However, these resources are limited for the canine. In this study, we present a cost-effective protocol for analysis of canine TCR beta chain genes. Workflow can be accomplished in 1–2 days starting with total RNA and resulting in libraries ready for sequencing on Illumina platforms.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 110702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramammary calcitriol treatment of mastitis alters profile of milk somatic cells and indicators of redox activity in milk","authors":"Teri L. Wells ,&nbsp;Michael B. Poindexter ,&nbsp;Mercedes F. Kweh ,&nbsp;Jeff Gandy ,&nbsp;Corwin D. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of intramammary calcitriol treatment on indicators of inflammation during an intramammary bacterial infection. Lactating </span>Holstein cows were challenged with intramammary </span><span><em>Streptococcus uberis</em></span><span>. At the onset of mild or moderate mastitis, cows were randomly assigned to receive 10 µg of intramammary calcitriol (</span><strong>CAL</strong><span>, n = 7) or placebo control (</span><strong>CON</strong>; n = 6) after every milking for 5 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with mixed models using the MIXED procedure of SAS with significance declared at <em>P</em><span><span><span> ≤ 0.05. Milk somatic cells, mastitis severity scores, </span>rectal temperatures, and milk </span>bacterial counts did not differ between treatments. Calcitriol decreased the percentage of CD11b</span>⁺<span>CD14</span>^- cells in milk compared with CON (CON = 81 vs. CAL = 61 ± 5%). Antioxidant potential and concentrations of 15-F_2t<span>- isoprostanes<span> in milk of infected quarters also were lower in CAL compared with CON. Transcripts for the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase and inducible nitric oxide synthase<span> were greater in milk somatic cells of CAL compared with CON, but those for β-defensin 7, metallothionein<span> 1 A and 2 A, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase did not differ between treatments. Although clinical signs of severity did not differ, CAL influenced the composition of milk somatic cells and redox activity in milk of infected quarters.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 110679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}