Veterinary immunology and immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Progress in the development and use of monoclonal antibodies to study the evolution and function of the immune systems in the extant lineages of ungulates","authors":"William C. Davis,&nbsp;Asmaa H. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Victoria Hulubei,&nbsp;Amany Hasan,&nbsp;Gaber S. Abdellrazeq","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Details on the origin and function of the immune system are beginning to emerge from genomic studies tracing the origin of B and T cells and the major histocompatibility complex. This is being accomplished through identification of DNA sequences of ancestral genes present in the genomes of lineages of vertebrates that have evolved from a common primordial ancestor. Information on the evolution of the composition and function of the immune system is being obtained through development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the MHC class I and II molecules and differentially expressed on leukocytes differentiation molecules (LDM). The mAbs have provided the tools needed to compare the similarities and differences in the phenotype and function of immune systems that have evolved during speciation. The majority of information currently available on evolution of the composition and function of the immune system is derived from study of the immune systems in humans and mice. As described in the present review, further information is beginning to emerge from comparative studies of the immune systems in the extant lineages of species present in the two orders of ungulates, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla. Methods have been developed to facilitate comparative research across species on pathogens affecting animal and human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 110730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps and active myeloperoxidase concentrate in lamellar tissue of equids with naturally occurring laminitis","authors":"Nazaré Storms ,&nbsp;Geoffroy de la Rebière ,&nbsp;Thierry Franck ,&nbsp;Ange Mouithys Mickalad ,&nbsp;Charlotte Sandersen ,&nbsp;Justine Ceusters ,&nbsp;Didier Serteyn","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laminitis is a pathology of the equine digit ultimately leading to a failure of the dermo-epidermal interface. Neutrophil activation is recognized as a major factor in SIRS-associated laminitis and has recently been described in induced endocrinopathic laminitis evidenced by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are released with neutrophil activation. This study aimed to investigate the presence and activity of MPO and NET in the lamellar tissue of equids presented with naturally occurring laminitis. Samples of lamellar tissue of five horses and five donkeys presented with laminitis, as well as eight control horses without laminitis, were collected. Lamellar tissue extracts were submitted to ELISA and specific immuno-extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) assays to confirm the presence and activity of both MPO and NET. Lamellar sections were also immunohistopathologically stained for MPO and NET. Analysis of lamellar tissue extracts revealed that laminitis cases had significantly higher levels of total MPO concentration, MPO activity, and NET-bound MPO activity in comparison to control horses. Moreover, a strong correlation was identified between the activity of NET-bound MPO and the total MPO activity, which suggests that MPO activity partly originates from NET-bound MPO. Immunohistochemical staining showed that MPO and NET labelling in laminitis cases was moderate to marked, primarily in the epidermis and in inflammatory infiltrates containing neutrophils, while labelling in control horses was minimal. This article constitutes the first indication of the presence and activity of NET-bound MPO in the lamellar tissue of horses and donkeys with naturally occurring laminitis. Targeting these substances may provide new treatment possibilities for this debilitating disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 110738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165242724000242/pdfft?md5=4da08734a216e3ab37016ca3e1d90b5f&pid=1-s2.0-S0165242724000242-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140001666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and development of multiepitope chimeric antigens by bioinformatic and bacterial based recombinant expression methods, with potential application for bovine tuberculosis serodiagnosis","authors":"Cassiano Martin Batista ,&nbsp;Josir Laine Veschi ,&nbsp;Vanessa Felipe de Souza ,&nbsp;Leonardo Foti ,&nbsp;Lea Chapaval Andri","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is caused by <em>Mycobacterium bovis,</em> is a single health concern, which causes economic losses, is a sanitary barrier and is a zoonotic concern. The golden-pattern intradermic tests have low sensitivity of about 50%. To fix this sensitivity problem, immunoassays could be a powerful tool. However, few studies produced antigens for bTB immunoassays, which needs improvements. Aim of this study was to produce multiepitope chimeric antigens (MCA) to use for bTB diagnosis. To achieve MCA design and development, extensive bibliographic search, antigenic epitope prediction, specificity, hydrophobicity, and 3D structure modeling analyses were performed, as well as cloning, expression and purification. Seven epitopes from four different target proteins (MPB-70, MPB-83, ESAT-6 and GroEL) were combined in five chimeras containing five repetitions of each epitope to enhance antibodies affinity. 3D predicted models revealed that all chimeras have a high percentage of disorder, which could enhance antibody recognition, although taking to protein instability. Each chimera was cloned into pET28a (+) expression plasmids and expressed in six <em>Escherichia coli</em> expression strains. Chimeras 3, 4 and 5 could be solubilized in 8 M urea and purified by ion exchange affinity chromatography. Against bTB positive and negative sera, purified chimera 5 had the best results in indirect dot blot and ELISA, as well as in lateral flow dot blot immunoassay. In conclusion, chimera 5, an MPB-83 containing MCA, could be used for further studies, aimed to develop a serologic or rapid test for bTB diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine T zone lymphoma is a tumor of mature, previously activated αβ T cells","authors":"Kelly Hughes ,&nbsp;Evan Conaway ,&nbsp;Emily Blackwell,&nbsp;Emily Rout,&nbsp;Janna Yoshimoto,&nbsp;Robert Burnett,&nbsp;Anne Avery","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>T cell lymphomas are a diverse group of tumors found in both dogs and humans, originating from various normal T cell types. Identifying the origin of neoplastic lymphocytes can offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of these tumors. T zone lymphoma (TZL) in dogs is characterized by the absence of CD45 expression, a strong breed predilection, and its association with adult-onset demodicosis—a condition believed to be linked to immunosuppression. In this study, our aim was to employ transcriptomic and functional data to determine the normal counterpart of TZL. Identifying the normal counterpart may help us understand both how these tumors arise and explain their clinical behavior. Gene expression profiling using NanoString and RNA seq was used to compare the transcriptome between neoplastic T zone cells, normal canine T cells and publicly available gene sets using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Mitogen, anti-CD3 stimulation and PMA/ionomycin stimulation were used to assess T cell proliferation in vitro, and intracellular cytokine production was measured by flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling revealed that TZL is most likely derived from an activated or memory alpha-beta T cell but the cells do not fall cleanly into an effector subtype. TZL cells express CD4-specific transcription factors GATA3 and THPOK, even though TZL cells more commonly express CD8, or neither CD4 nor CD8. TZL cells produce high levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha when stimulated, further supporting the hypothesis that they are derived from an antigen experienced T cell. TZL cells do not proliferate when stimulated through the T cell receptor but will divide when the T cell receptor is bypassed with PMA and ionomycin. The observation that these cells are derived from a mature, previously activated T cell is the first step in understanding the genesis of this unique T cell tumor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139733052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunophenotyping of peripheral circulating lymphocytes and serum selenium levels in calves with neonatal diarrhea","authors":"Murat Uztimür ,&nbsp;Ömer Kizil ,&nbsp;Hatice Handan Akbulut","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aims to: (1) elucidate the immune response exhibited by CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte cells in response to various infectious agents in calves suffering with neonatal diarrhea; and (2) determine and investigate the association between serum selenium levels and T lymphocyte subtypes in neonatal calves afflicted with neonatal diarrhea and infected with various infectious agents. The study encompassed a cohort of 50 calves, encompassing both sexes and various breeds, within the neonatal age range (1–28 days old). Subdivided into distinct groups, the calves were categorized based on the causative agents of neonatal diarrhea, including Rotavirus (n = 10), Cryptosporidium parvum (C.parvum) (n = 10), Coronavirus (n = 5), Rotavirus+C.parvum (n = 5), and a Control group (n = 20). Blood samples were meticulously obtained from the vena jugularis of all animals utilizing specific techniques—8 ml in tubes devoid of anticoagulant and 3 ml in blood collection tubes containing EDTA. Serum selenium levels were analyzed by ICP-MS. Flow Cytometry device was used to determine CD4 + and CD8 +T lymphocyte levels. In this study, although there was no statistically significant difference in serum selenium levels between all study groups, it was found that the selenium level in the control group was not sufficient. CD4 T lymphocyte levels, the rotavirus+C.parvum group exhibited a statistically significant elevation compared to the coronavirus group. Regarding CD8 + T lymphocyte levels, the coronavirus group demonstrated a statistically significant increase when compared to the control group. In intragroup analyses of CD8 + T lymphocyte levels, the coronavirus group exhibited a significant elevation compared to the rotavirus group, C.parvum group, and the C.parvum + Rotavirus group. A significant negative correlation was detected between selenium levels and CD4 + T lymphocytes, while no correlation was found between CD8 + T lymphocytes. Fibrinogen concentration exhibited statistical significance, being higher in the Rotavirus group (p &lt; 0.008) compared to the control group, in the C.parvum group (p &lt; 0.004) compared to the control group, and in the Coronavirus group (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. The leukocyte count demonstrated statistical significance, being higher in the Rotavirus group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001), in the Rotavirus+C.parvum group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.002), and in the Coronavirus group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.011). In conclusion, the data derived from this study illuminate discernible disparities in CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte immune responses, contingent upon the specific etiological agent associated with neonatal diarrhea. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of considering selenium deficiency as a relevant factor in calves affected by neonatal diarrhea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei CB054 supplementation in calves vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis","authors":"Carolina Litchina Brasil ,&nbsp;Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Francisco Denis Souza Santos ,&nbsp;Paulo Ricardo Centeno Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite ,&nbsp;Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probiotics are live microorganisms that, confer health benefits to the host when supplemented in adequate amounts. They can promote immunomodulation by inducing phagocyte activity, leukocyte proliferation, antibody production, and cytokine expression. Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are important probiotic specimens with properties that can improves ruminant nutrition, productivity and immunity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the supplementation with <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei</em> CB054 in calve vaccinated against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR). Calve were vaccinated with a commercial IBR vaccine, on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21. <em>L. casei</em> CB054 was orally administered (4 ×10⁹ UFC) for 35 days, while a non-supplemented control group received Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Stimulation of bovine splenocytes with <em>L. casei</em> CB054 markedly enhanced mRNA transcription levels of cytokines <em>IL2, IL4</em>, <em>IL10</em> and <em>IL17</em> genes. Calves supplemented with <em>L. casei</em> CB054 showed significantly higher (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05) specific anti-BoHV-1 IgG levels, higher serum neutralization, as well as higher mRNA transcription for <em>IL2, IL4</em>, <em>IL10</em> and <em>IL17</em> genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) comparing with control calves. Supplemented calve had an average weight gain of ∼14 kg more than non-supplemented during the experimental period. These results suggest that <em>L. casei</em> CB054 supplementation increase immunogenicity of a commercial IBR vaccine in cattle and improve weight gain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139670132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential to use cannabinoids as adjunct therapy for dexamethasone: An in vitro study with canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells","authors":"Sabrina Dixon ,&nbsp;Arpita Deb ,&nbsp;Todd Archer ,&nbsp;Barbara L.F. Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dexamethasone (dex) is a potent glucocorticoid used to treat a variety of diseases. It is widely used in veterinary medicine in many species; for instance, in dogs, it can be used for emergent cases of anaphylaxis or trauma, management of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, certain cancers, allergic reactions, and topically for skin or eye inflammation. Dex is not without its side effects, especially when administered systemically, which might compromise compliance and effective treatment. Thus, adjunct therapies have been suggested to allow for decreased dex dosing and reduction in side effects while maintaining immunosuppressive efficacy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for cannabinoids to serve as adjunct therapies for dex. Immune function was assessed in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after treatment with dex with and without cannabidiol (CBD) and/or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Dex suppressed IFN-γ protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner and this suppression by low concentrations of dex was enhanced in the presence of CBD, THC, or the combination of CBD and THC. Similar effects were found with <em>INFG</em> and <em>TNFA</em> mRNA expression. These findings provide a rationale for using CBD or THC <em>in vivo</em> to reduce dex dosing and side effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of immune responses and immunopathology in turkeys experimentally infected with clostridial dermatitis-producing strains of Clostridium septicum","authors":"Valeria Criollo ,&nbsp;Feba Ann John ,&nbsp;Carissa Gaghan ,&nbsp;Oscar J. Fletcher ,&nbsp;Anil Thachil ,&nbsp;Rocio Crespo ,&nbsp;Raveendra R. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Clostridium septicum</em> is one of the major causative agents of clostridial dermatitis (CD), an emerging disease of turkeys, characterized by sudden deaths and necrotic dermatitis. Despite its economic burden on the poultry industry, the immunopathological changes and pathogen-specific immune responses are poorly characterized. Here, we used three strains of <em>C. septicum</em>, namely Str. A1, Str. B1 and Str. C1, isolated from CD field outbreaks, to experimentally infect turkeys to evaluate local (skin and muscle) and systemic (spleen) pathological and immunological responses. Results showed that while all three strains produced an acute disease, Str. A1 and B1 caused significantly higher mortality when compared to Str. C1. Gross and histopathology evaluation showed that birds infected with Str. A1 and B1 had severe inflammatory, edematous, granulomatous and necrotic lesions in the skin, muscle and spleen, while these lesions produced by Str. C1 were relatively less severe and mostly confined to skin and/or muscle. Immune gene expression in these tissues showed that Str. B1-infected birds had significantly higher expression of interleukin (IL)−1β, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)γ genes compared to uninfected control, suggesting a robust inflammatory response both locally as well as systemically. The transcription of IL-1β and IFNγ in the muscle or spleen of Str. A1-infected birds and IL-1β in the skin of Str. C1-infected group was also significantly higher than control. Additionally, Str. A1 or B1-infected groups also had significantly higher IL-4 transcription in these tissues, while birds infected with all three strains developed <em>C. septicum</em>-specific serum antibodies. Furthermore, splenic cellular immunophenotyping in the infected turkeys showed a marked reduction in CD4+ cells. Collectively, it can be inferred that host responses against <em>C. septicum</em> involve an acute inflammatory response along with antibody production and that the disease severity seem to depend on the strain of <em>C. septicum</em> involved in CD in turkeys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological monitoring of Enterococcus cecorum specific antibodies in chickens","authors":"Amanda Silberborth,&nbsp;Jana Schnug,&nbsp;Silke Rautenschlein,&nbsp;Arne Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pathogenic <em>Enterococcus cecorum</em> (EC) has gained increasing importance as the cause of skeletal infections in meat-type chicken production. Since effective intervention strategies are scarce, it must be focused on preventive measures. Vaccination of meat-type breeder chicken flocks is common practice to protect the progeny against infection with EC. However, no data are available on seroconversion after infection or vaccination. The aim of the present study was the serological monitoring of chickens for EC-specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) using a newly established EC-specific, indirect ELISA for chickens. Sera from previous infection studies were used for the establishment of the assay. Serum samples from confirmed EC-positive meat-type chicken flocks, vaccinated, and non-vaccinated meat-type chicken breeder flocks were analyzed for EC-specific IgY. Comparison of ELISA results with results from real-time PCR and/or bacteriological examination via culture revealed fair to substantial agreement. In infected chickens, more samples were classified as positive via ELISA than via real-time PCR and/or bacteriological examination via culture. Focusing on chickens experimentally infected at 1 day post-hatch (dph), the highest proportion of positive results and highest S/P ratios were found at 42 dph (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). A similar trend was observed for the samples from naturally infected chickens (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Adjustment of the secondary antibody against immunoglobulin M (IgM) may open possibilities to use the assay during the early phase of the growing period, when there is still a chance to treat the infection. The examination of samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated meat-type breeder chickens revealed no significant differences of S/P ratios independent of farm and autogenous vaccine used. In addition to that, monitoring of a non-vaccinated meat-type breeder chicken flock at 4, 10, 15, and 19 weeks post-hatch showed a continuous increase of ELISA-positive serum samples associated with an increase of S/P ratios. This may be explained by cross reactivity with antibodies to <em>Enterococcus hirae</em> or natural antibodies. The usage of EC-specific, recombinant proteins for coating of the plates may help to reduce unspecific background and increase the assay’s specificity in future applications. In conclusion, the newly developed ELISA provides a suitable tool for serological monitoring of meat-type chickens during experimental studies with EC under standardized conditions. Remarkably, the assay is able to detect a higher proportion of EC-positive chickens than other methods, which are currently available. However, the assay is not yet suitable for the monitoring of breeder flocks due to high background.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016524272300168X/pdfft?md5=3f357ecb08937c94faa48bd54d25d357&pid=1-s2.0-S016524272300168X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myeloid derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood can be a prognostic factor in canine transitional cell carcinoma","authors":"Shohei Yokota,&nbsp;Tomohiro Yonezawa,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Momoi,&nbsp;Shingo Maeda","doi":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature cells with immunosuppressive properties found in the tumor microenvironment. MDSCs are divided into two major subsets: polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). Both MDSC subsets contribute to the creation of an immunosuppressive environment for tumor progression. In humans, patients with high levels of MDSCs show worse outcomes for several types of cancers. However, the association between MDSCs and clinical features has rarely been investigated in </span>canine<span><span> studies. In the present study, we measured the proportion of PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of dogs<span> with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prostate cancer (PC), transitional </span></span>cell carcinoma (TCC), lymphoma, and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Additionally, we examined immunosuppressive ability of PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs in </span></span>peripheral blood mononuclear cells of TCC case on CD4</span>⁺, CD8⁺ and interferon-γ⁺ cells and investigated the relationships of MDSCs with clinical features and outcomes. PMN-MDSCs increased in HCC, PC, TCC, and lymphoma. In contrast, M-MDSCs increased in the TCC. Both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs exhibited immunosuppressive effects on CD8⁺, CD4⁺ and interferon-γ⁺<span> cells. In dogs with TCC, lymph node metastasis was associated with high level of PMN-MDSCs but not with M-MDSCs. High levels of both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs were related to advanced tumor stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high levels of both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. In addition, the Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that M-MDSCs and the tumor stage were independent prognostic factors for TCC. These results suggest that PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs may be involved in tumor progression and could be prognostic factors and promising therapeutic targets in dogs with TCC.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":23511,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary immunology and immunopathology","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 110716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}