Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Whole Genome Characterization and Pathogenicity of a SC2020-1-Like PRRSV-1 Strain Emerging in Southwest China","authors":"Yuan-Meng Wang,&nbsp;Li-Shuang Deng,&nbsp;Bing-Zhou Huang,&nbsp;Han-Yu Li,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Duan,&nbsp;Yi-Xin Yan,&nbsp;Si-Yuan Lai,&nbsp;Yan-Ru Ai,&nbsp;Yuan-Cheng Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Qing,&nbsp;Zhi-Wen Xu,&nbsp;Ling Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5627927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5627927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), encompassing PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, significantly impacts the global pig industry by causing reproductive disorders and respiratory difficulties. In this paper, we isolated a novel PRRSV-1 strain, named SCPJ2023, from weaned piglets in Sichuan. Utilizing primary macrophages, we isolated SCPJ2023 and performed complete genome sequencing through metagenomic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis classified SCPJ2023 as pan-European subtype 1. SCPJ2023 showed a 95.3% similarity to SC2020-1. Amino acid analysis identified differences in Nsp2, GP3, and GP4 between SCPJ2023 and other representative strains. In vivo challenge experiments demonstrated that SCPJ2023 induced clinical symptoms in piglets, including coughing, fever, reduced appetite, and depression. Pathological examinations revealed hemorrhage and congestion, increased inflammatory cells, thickening of the alveolar wall, and collapse of the alveolar cavity in SCPJ2023-infected piglets. Altogether, our study identified a novel pathogenic isolate of PRRSV-1, expanding the newly named SC2020-1-like subgroup by identifying additional strains beyond the initial SC2020-1 isolate.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5627927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing E. coli Harboring blaOXA−1-catB3-arr-3 Genes Isolated From Dairy Farm Environment in China","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib,&nbsp;Minjia Tang,&nbsp;Furqan Awan,&nbsp;Amjad Islam Aqib,&nbsp;Ruochen Hao,&nbsp;Saad Ahmad,&nbsp;Shengyi Wang,&nbsp;Ruofeng Shang,&nbsp;Wanxia Pu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3526395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3526395","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Anthropogenic activities in the environment affect the ecosystem and can play an important role in selecting and spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs). The dairy farm environment may serve as a hotspot and reservoir for exchanging and spreading ARGs, but studies are scarce. Here, we investigated and characterized the extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains recovered from the dairy farm environment co-harboring <i>bla</i>_OXA−1, <i>catB3</i>, and <i>arr-3</i> genes. The isolates were identified and characterized by PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assay, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and multiple bioinformatics tools. Seven <i>E. coli</i> strains co-harboring <i>bla</i>_OXA−1, <i>catB3</i>, and <i>arr-3</i> genes were identified which belonged to distinct sequence types (STs) and carried diverse plasmid replicon types. The conjugation assay revealed a successful transfer of <i>bla</i>_OXA−1, <i>catB3</i>, and <i>arr-3</i> genes into the recipient <i>E. coli</i> J53 with a co-conjugation frequency ranging from (2.25 ± 0.3) × 10⁻⁴ to (3.85 ± 0.3) × 10⁻³. Bioinformatics analysis of WGS revealed the diversity of acquired ARGs, conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, phosphonic, phenicol, and rifamycin. The genetic environment analysis showed that <i>aac</i>(<i>6^′</i>)-<i>Ib-cr-bla</i>_OXA−1-<i>catB3-arr-3-qacE1-sul1</i> was the common genetic backbone among the seven <i>E. coli</i> strains. Among the mobile genetic elements, insertion sequences were the predominant elements as compared to transposons. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the <i>E. coli</i> of this study and other strains of human–animal-environment origin retrieved from the NCBI database. This study presented the whole genome-based characterization of <i>E. coli</i> strains carrying the <i>bla</i>_OXA−1-<i>catB3-arr-3</i> genes. It provided evidence that the dairy environment may harbor a variety of ARGs and act as a potential reservoir for their spread in the ecosystem. The results recommend the routine surveillance of ARGs carrying bacteria in dairy environments and the need for additional studies to understand the dissemination mechanism within One Health perspective to prevent their further spread.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3526395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid-Mediated Co-Occurrence of mcr-1.1 in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From the Indigenous Seminomadic Community in Malaysia","authors":"Polly Soo Xi Yap,&nbsp;Li-Fang Yeo,&nbsp;Cindy Shuan Ju Teh,&nbsp;Amreeta Dhanoa,&nbsp;Maude Elvira Phipps","doi":"10.1155/2024/9223696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9223696","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The growing prevalence of commensal antibiotic resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> poses a significant concern for the global spread of antibiotic resistance. Stool samples (<i>n</i> = 35) from a seminomadic indigenous community in Malaysia, the Jehai, were screened for multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically the extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Subsequently, whole-genome sequencing was used to provide genomic insights into eight ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> that colonised eight individuals. The ESBL <i>E. coli</i> isolates carry resistance genes from various antibiotic classes such as the <i>β</i>-lactams (<i>bla</i>_TEM, <i>bla</i>_CTX-M−15 and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M−55), quinolones (<i>gyrA</i>, <i>qnrS</i> and <i>qnrS1</i>) and aminoglycosides (<i>aph</i>(<i>3′</i>)<i>-Ia</i>, <i>aph</i>(<i>6</i>)<i>-Id</i> and <i>aac</i>(<i>3</i>)<i>-IId</i>). Three concerning convergence of ESBL, colistin and metal resistance determinants, with three plasmids from H-type lineage harbouring <i>bla</i>_CTX-M and <i>mcr-1.1</i> genes were identified. Using the Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) Native Barcoding Kit (SQK-NBD114.24) in conjunction with the R10.4.1 flow cell, which achieved an average read accuracy (<i>Q</i> &gt; 10) of 99.84%, we further characterised the <i>mcr-1.1</i>-bearing plasmids, ranging in size from 25 to 28 kb, from three strains of <i>E. coli</i>. This report represents the first whole genome analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically those resistant to colistin, found within the indigenous population in Malaysia. It strongly indicates that the pertinent issue of colistin resistance in the country is far more significant than previously estimated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9223696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Heterogeneous in the Effectiveness of Inactivated CoronaVac and Sinopharm Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in China","authors":"Shihong Yang,&nbsp;Hualei Xin,&nbsp;Xingying Lang,&nbsp;Jin Hua,&nbsp;Xiaoman Cui,&nbsp;Lu Li,&nbsp;Chuchu Ye,&nbsp;Ying Qin,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Ben Cowling,&nbsp;Shengjie Lai,&nbsp;Ke Sun,&nbsp;Zhongjie Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/9533861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9533861","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>We aimed to understand the temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk and assess the impact of inactivated vaccination on the occurrence of reinfection. We investigated the reinfection risk of SARS-CoV-2 from November 1, 2022, to February 12, 2023, when China rapidly lifted the zero-COVID policy. The study subjects were those who were first infected during the zero-COVID period between January 1, 2020, and October 31, 2022, in Dalian city, China. Among the 1961 previous infections, 126 (6.4%, 95% CI: 5.4, 7.5) were reinfected. The risk of reinfection increased over time since initial infection. Compared with those who did not receive or received one dose of inactivated vaccine, receiving two or three doses was associated with additional protection against reinfection among individuals who were infected with pre-Omicron more than a year earlier, with the OR ranged from 0.33 (95% CI: 0.03, 1.83) to 0.91 (95% CI: 0.22, 3.27). In contrast, no protective effect from two or three doses of vaccines against reinfection was observed among those who were first infected with Omicron variants within a year. Primary or booster vaccination contributed to limited protection against reinfection or symptomatic reinfection among individuals infected with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 within a year. However, a booster dose after 1 year of natural infection may provide additional protection against reinfection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9533861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Approach to an Emerging Problem: Implementing a Whole Year of Camera Trap Survey in Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife on Tick Abundance","authors":"Ezio Ferroglio,&nbsp;Rachele Vada,&nbsp;Flavia Occhibove,&nbsp;Mattia Fracchia,&nbsp;Federica De Cicco,&nbsp;Pablo Palencia,&nbsp;Amir Reza Varzandi,&nbsp;Stefania Zanet","doi":"10.1155/2024/4064855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4064855","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Tick-borne zoonoses are an emerging health issue. The expansion of ticks is mainly driven by climatic changes but also by new approaches to the management of the natural environment, increasing the abundance of vertebrate host species and thus the potential exposure to tick bites for both humans and companion animals. In this context, a holistic approach to studying ticks’ ecology is required. In the present work, we shed light on the link between environmental tick abundance (global and specific of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> nymphs, as the highest zoonotic threat) and the temporal occupancy of wildlife host species retrieved from camera traps (namely, wild ruminants, mesocarnivores and wild boar). We modelled this relationship by integrating abiotic factors relevant to tick survival, such as the vegetation cover and saturation deficit, and estimated the accuracy of prediction. To collect these data, we deployed camera traps in a peri-urban Natural Park in Northwest Italy to monitor wildlife for 1 whole year while collecting ticks in front of camera traps by dragging transects every 2 weeks. Overall, wildlife temporal occupancy showed an additive impact on tick abundance for species that are preferential hosts (deer and mesocarnivores) and a detractive impact for wild boar, which also presented a lower tick burden, particularly with regard to the tick species collected in the environment (mainly <i>I. ricinus</i> and <i>Haemaphysalis punctata</i>). Accuracy of prediction was higher for <i>I. ricinus</i> nymphs rather than the global model. Temporal fluctuations in the tick population were also highlighted. Wildlife temporal occupancy was not constant and varied between seasons according to feeding habits. In conclusion, we highlighted the utility of camera trap data to investigate tick ecology and acarological risk. This information is crucial in informing monitoring and prevention strategies to decrease the risk of tick bites in humans and thus zoonotic risk of tick-borne diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4064855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Complete Genome Analysis of Multiple Drug Resistance Proteus mirabilis KUST-1312 Isolate From Migratory Birds in China: A Public Health Threat","authors":"Jiayu Gao,&nbsp;Shufa Liu,&nbsp;Sadia Bano,&nbsp;Xueshan Xia,&nbsp;Zulqarnain Baloch","doi":"10.1155/2024/8102506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8102506","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, a gram-negative bacterium, poses a significant public health threat due to its multidrug-resistant (MDR) characteristics. Here, for the first time, we report the isolation and comprehensive genome analysis of an MDR strain, <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312, obtained from migratory birds in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 65 samples, including migratory bird feces, soil, and water from Dianchi Lake, were collected. Standard microbiological techniques were employed to isolate the <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312 strain from these samples. Genomic sequencing was conducted using a hybrid assembly strategy, combining Illumina and Oxford nanopore sequencing technologies. Phenotypic testing revealed the MDR nature of <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312, displaying resistance to various antibiotics except gentamicin and Cefotaxime. Notably, 15 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including <i>aph</i>(<i>3′</i>)-<i>Ia</i>, <i>cat</i>, <i>tet</i>(<i>J</i>), <i>bleO</i>, <i>dfrA12</i>, <i>aadA2</i>, <i>AAC</i>(<i>3</i>)-<i>IId</i>, <i>bla-TEM-1B</i>, <i>erm</i>(<i>42</i>),<i>aph</i>(<i>6</i>)-<i>Id</i>, <i>blaPER-1</i>, <i>sul2</i>, <i>aph</i>(<i>3′’</i>)-<i>Ib</i>(2copies), and <i>aph</i>(<i>3′</i>)-<i>VIb</i>, were identified on a single chromosome. These 15 ARGs were dispersed along three MDR regions, and the boundaries of these regions were consistently flanked by copies of insertion sequences and also contained other genetic elements. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the close relation of <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312 with environmental and clinical isolates reported from other continents rather than with Asian isolates. In conclusion, this study reports the first-ever isolation of an MDR <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312 strain from migratory birds globally, particularly in China. There is a need to explore further its prevalence in detail in various ecological niches, including migratory birds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8102506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Based Molecular Diversity of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Pigeons in China","authors":"Shuangyu Li,&nbsp;Xinshuai Liu,&nbsp;Haoyu Zhao,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Lu,&nbsp;Juan Wang,&nbsp;Ruichao Li,&nbsp;Peng Xie,&nbsp;Yibin Hu,&nbsp;Caiyuan Zhou,&nbsp;Qian Mao,&nbsp;Leilei Sun,&nbsp;Shanshan Li,&nbsp;Wenhui Wang,&nbsp;Fang Wang,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Tiantian Liu,&nbsp;Wei Pan,&nbsp;Chengbao Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/1828830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1828830","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ESBL-EC) strains present a significant menace to the well-being of both animals and humans. However, limited information is available regarding their profiles in pigeons. Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, drug susceptibility testing, and bioinformatics analysis, we examined the genomic features and epidemiology of 95 ESBL-EC strains (41 racing and 54 meat pigeons) that were isolated from 11 Chinese cities. These strains belonged to seven phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F). Moreover, these isolates have 51 serotypes, including several pathogenic ones (e.g., O51, O8, O4, O25, and O6). Notably, two high-risk clones, ST131 O25:H4, were found in racing pigeons and were responsible for the worldwide outbreaks of highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> infections. In addition, we found 41 multilocus sequence typing types, of which the dominant types were ST155, ST20, ST1011, and ST1196. In total, 91 isolates (95.79%) showed MDR, while eight isolates (8.42%) showed resistance to up to eight classes of antibiotics. Furthermore, we identified a series of ESBL genes in these isolates, including <i>bla</i>_CTX-M, <i>bla</i>_TEM, <i>bla</i>_OXA, <i>bla</i>_LAP, and <i>bla</i>_CMY. Also, 50 other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were accompanied by the carriage of 33 plasmid replicon types, facilitating the horizontal spread of ARGs. Interestingly, three <i>mcr-1</i>, four <i>mcr-1.1</i>, and one <i>tet</i>(X4) were found in isolates of meat pigeons, and it was possible to successfully transfer the plasmids containing <i>tet</i>(X4) and <i>mcr-1.1</i> to <i>E. coli</i> C600. In summary, this work presents the complexity of MDR profiles, plasmid profiles, and multiple typing profiles of Chinese ESBL-EC isolates of pigeon origin for the first time. The thorough investigation of ESBL-EC in pigeons presented in this work suggests that racing and meat pigeons are significant ARGs reservoirs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1828830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postepidemic Epidemiology of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in the United States","authors":"Dennis N. Makau,&nbsp;Nakarin Pamornchainavakul,&nbsp;Kimberly VanderWaal,&nbsp;Mariana Kikuti,&nbsp;Catalina Picasso-Risso,&nbsp;Emily Geary,&nbsp;Cesar A. Corzo","doi":"10.1155/2024/5531899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5531899","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) emerged in the United States (U.S.) swine population in 2013, initiating an initial significant epidemic followed by a state of endemicity in the U.S. Despite continued monitoring, the epidemiology of PEDV during its endemic phase remains inadequately researched. Our study aimed to characterize the spatial–temporal distribution of postepidemic PEDV cases in the U.S. breeding herd and identify associated risk factors. Data from 1089 breeding farms in 27 states, reported to the Morrison Swine Health Monitoring Project from July 2014 to June 2021, were analyzed. We stratified the data into six U.S. regions and employed SaTScan for spatiotemporal permutation and cluster analysis. Survival analysis was used to assess risk factors. A notable seasonal clustering of PEDV cases was observed in winter (January–March; <i>p</i> = 0.001, relative risk = 2.2) with regional variation. Ten high-rate spatial–temporal clusters (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) were identified ranging from 2.5 to 833.7 km² and lasting 1–5 months, occurring in four regions between 2015 and 2021. For the study period, a total of 625 cases of PEDV were recorded on 372 farms. The total number of PEDV cases decreased from 95 breeding farms in 32 counties (2014–2015) to 53 farms in 28 counties (2020–2021), indicating an overall reduction in occurrence and spatial extent. Feed mitigants demonstrated a protective effect, significantly reducing the risk of PEDV occurrence (hazard ratio = 0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.003), while air filtration systems exhibited marginal benefits (hazard ratio = 0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.06). Other important risk factors included county farm density with farms in high-density regions (&gt;31 farms/100 km²) being 1.3 times more likely to experience outbreaks than in medium-density regions (13–31 farms/1000 km²; <i>p</i>  &lt; 0.001). Additionally, farms in region E had higher odds of outbreaks compared to region B. The overall decline in PEDV cases and reduced spatial extent reflect industry efforts in postepidemic control and elimination. The protective effects of feed mitigants warrant further investigation. Our findings underscore the opportunity for coordinated efforts to eliminate PEDV in the U.S. and emphasize the need for comprehensive risk profiling associated with industry practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5531899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Canine morbillivirus (Canine Distemper Virus) Field Strains in Dogs, Chile, 2022–2023","authors":"Naomi Ariyama,&nbsp;Belén Agüero,&nbsp;Benjamín Bennett,&nbsp;Constanza Urzúa,&nbsp;Felipe Berrios,&nbsp;Claudio Verdugo,&nbsp;Víctor Neira","doi":"10.1155/2024/9993255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9993255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a significant threat to dogs and wildlife worldwide, and this study sought to provide an updated genetic characterization of CDV field strains in Chile during 2022–2023. We collected samples from 52 suspected CDV cases in domestic dogs and detected viral RNA through real-time RT-PCR in 28 dogs (54%). Factors like age and vaccination status were determinants of CDV positivity, with young adult and unvaccinated dogs facing a higher infection risk. We isolated CDV from positive samples in VeroDogSLAM cells. From these isolates and direct samples, we obtained sequences and estimated the phylogeny based on gene H. CDV isolates from nasal and conjunctival swabs exhibited cytopathic effects, and sequence analysis unveiled a substantial genetic diversity among the strains. Chilean CDV strains demonstrated a genetic distance to vaccine strains of approximately 10%, antigenic-change-related amino acid substitutions, and novel putative glycosylation sites. In the phylogeny, Chilean CDV field strains clustered into two lineages, Europe/South America-1 and North/South America-4, indicating the emergence of the North/South America-4 lineage in Chile and underscoring the genetic complexity of CDV in the country. Interestingly, certain Chilean viruses shared a close common ancestor with Brazilian and Peruvian viruses, suggesting viral spreading patterns. Further investigations are warranted to comprehend the potential antigenic implications of these genetically diverse CDV strains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9993255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Assessment for Risk of Possible Human Transmission of FCoV-23","authors":"Ahmet Caglar Ozketen,&nbsp;Hasan Huseyin Kazan,&nbsp;Cenk Serhan Özverel,&nbsp;Tamer Şanlıdağ","doi":"10.1155/2024/8398470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8398470","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Since the pandemic in 2019, coronaviruses (CoVs) have been a great concern for public health burden. The fact that CoVs can infect all animals including domestic ones and livestock points to a future pandemic even though interaction between human and wildlife animals is restricted. Moreover, interspecies transmission abilities of CoVs by mutations make them drastically risky not only for humans but also for animal health. Recently, a new CoV outbreak in cats in Cyprus, the so-called FCoV-23, has been realized. In addition to worries over animal health, any possible transmission to humans is now controversial. However, there have been limited characterization studies on FCoV-23. Thus, we aimed to assess the possible transmission of FCoV-23 to humans using <i>in silico</i> prediction tools. Accordingly, we first checked the binding affinities of receptor binding domain (RBD) of FCoV-23 against feline target protein and its human homolog. Next, we randomly and rationally created mutations on the RBD sequence and evaluated the binding affinities using protein docking tools. Our results underlined that multiple mutations at the same time were needed for increased binding affinity towards human target protein, demonstrating that the probability of transmission to humans was extremely low when mutation rates were regarded. Still, further molecular studies are required to comprehensively conclude the possible transmission risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8398470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}