Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Twenty-Three Years of Surveillance in Chinese Avian Pasteurella multocida Reveals Declining Antimicrobial Resistance but Increasing Therapeutic Challenges","authors":"Nansong Jiang,&nbsp;Tingting Lu,&nbsp;Hongmei Chen,&nbsp;Weiwei Wang,&nbsp;Qizhang Liang,&nbsp;Qiuling Fu,&nbsp;Rongchang Liu,&nbsp;Guanghua Fu,&nbsp;Chunhe Wan,&nbsp;Longfei Cheng,&nbsp;Wensong Jin,&nbsp;Yu Huang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2248363","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/2248363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pasteurella multocida</i> (Pm) is an important veterinary and zoonotic pathogen that causes significant economic losses in poultry production. However, long-term surveillance studies integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), biocide tolerance, and genomic epidemiology of Pm remain scarce. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility, biocide tolerance, and the phenotypic associations of 136 avian Pm isolates collected from six provinces in China between 2002 and 2024. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize population structure, identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and assess genotype–phenotype concordance. The A:L1:ST129 lineage remained the predominant clone throughout the 23-year surveillance period, with a high prevalence of AMR-associated traits observed within this lineage. Although resistance to several commonly used antimicrobial classes declined significantly after 2021, florfenicol resistance continued to increase, suggesting an emerging challenge for the clinical management of pasteurellosis. While the isolates generally exhibited low tolerance to the four representative biocides tested, phenotypic correlations were observed between AMR profiles and biocide tolerance patterns. Furthermore, substantial phenotype–genotype discordance was observed, indicating that the presence of ARGs alone may not be sufficient to accurately predict antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, this study provides a longitudinal assessment of long-term AMR trends, biocide tolerance, and genomic epidemiology of avian Pm in China, offering epidemiological evidence for monitoring AMR trends and improving antimicrobial management strategies in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Evidence for Transovarial Transmission of Babesia gibsoni by Haemaphysalis longicornis","authors":"Yaxin Zheng,&nbsp;Fangwei Chen,&nbsp;Jianyu Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Han,&nbsp;Sen Wang,&nbsp;Muxiao Li,&nbsp;Fen Du,&nbsp;Junlong Zhao,&nbsp;Lan He","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5585506","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/5585506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Babesia gibsoni</i> is a globally distributed tick-borne apicomplexan parasite that threatens dog health, yet its transmission dynamics in <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> remain incompletely defined. Under controlled laboratory conditions, a <i>Babesia</i>-free parthenogenetic <i>H. longicornis</i> colony was used to evaluate transovarial transmission, transmission competence of the resulting F1 stages, retention of transmission competence after feeding on non-susceptible rabbits, and post-molt transmission after larval or nymphal acquisition feeding. Tick samples from the corresponding experimental lineages were screened by pooled internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-targeted nested PCR at the egg, larval, nymphal, and adult stages. Transmission competence was evaluated by infesting splenectomized recipient dogs with the remaining ticks from the corresponding PCR-screened lineages, followed by PCR and blood-smear monitoring. Ticks from a PCR-positive transovarial F1 lineage transmitted <i>B. gibsoni</i> to recipient dogs at the larval, nymphal, and adult stages. Within the transovarial F1 lineage, transmission competence was retained after one or two developmental-stage feedings on non-susceptible rabbits. In contrast, no evidence of post-molt transmission to recipient dogs was observed after larval or nymphal acquisition feeding. Collectively, these findings provide laboratory evidence for transovarial transmission of <i>B. gibsoni</i> and transmission competence of the resulting F1 larval, nymphal, and adult stages in the tested parthenogenetic <i>H. longicornis</i> colony.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosecurity Competencies and Educational Needs Among Veterinary Professionals: A Multinational Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"Claude Saegerman,&nbsp;Véronique Renault,&nbsp;Constance Wielick,&nbsp;Blerta Mehmedi,&nbsp;Jorge Ron-Román,&nbsp;Amel Adel,&nbsp;Bachir Souley-Kouato,&nbsp;A. K. M. Anisur Rahman,&nbsp;Marie-France Humblet,&nbsp;Marion Allano","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7275694","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/7275694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The importance of animal biosecurity is growing, and it has been incorporated into the veterinary medicine curriculum, as well as into the European Animal Health Law and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Terrestrial Animal Health Code. However, few studies have been conducted to date on the self-perceived competencies acquired and the educational needs of veterinary students and practitioners in animal biosecurity. To address this, an online survey involving 651 participants from 66 countries across 5 continents was conducted (with predominance of Europe). The three sections of the survey were participant profiles, perceptions of their competencies, and additional training needs. The survey participants work in veterinary clinics, ambulatory practices, and academic environments. Main animal species managed were ruminants, companion animals, equids, poultry, and pigs. The level of agreement regarding the competencies acquired in relation to the managed species was consistent, except for the biosecurity audits. Competencies increased markedly between graduation and the tenth year of practice, followed by a slower progression. A total of 276 participants expressed a strong demand for training in biosecurity but a lower need for cleaning and disinfection protocols. No significant intercontinental differences (Africa, America, and Europe) were found for competencies in risk analysis and biosecurity audits. However, Africa showed a significantly lower median priority score for competencies related to cleaning/disinfection, animal isolation, and information sourcing. Identifying priority competencies and training gaps will enable better-targeted educational interventions, thereby contributing to Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 10 (reduced inequalities).</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Biosecurity Preparedness for Foreign Animal Diseases Among Swine Farms in the United States Territory of Puerto Rico","authors":"Jessica P. Mateus,&nbsp;Kara Flaherty,&nbsp;Isha Agrawal,&nbsp;Andreia G. Arruda","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3769536","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/3769536","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Successful responses to foreign animal diseases (FADs) such as African Swine Fever (ASF) in swine populations depend on the timely planning and implementation of effective biosecurity measures at the farm level. This study aimed to characterize biosecurity preparedness among swine farms in Puerto Rico and to identify geographic areas with higher biosecurity-related vulnerabilities across the island. Data were collected from 95 swine farms from seven regions using an adapted form of the enhanced biosecurity plan templates available from the Secure Pork Supply (SPS) Plan, a nationally recognized framework. Biosecurity scores were calculated using 37 captured variables related to biosecurity measures and transformed into a percentage. The overall average biosecurity score was 42.8% ± 4.5%. Lower regional-level biosecurity scores were observed in western regions. Although some operational practices, such as feed storage management and the use of dedicated vehicles and equipment, showed higher levels of adoption, critical components such as the availability of equipment necessary for depopulation and manure storage capacity to prevent the introduction and spread of highly relevant pathogens were often lacking, particularly regarding producer-level knowledge and preparedness. Overall, farms housing multiple species showed significantly lower biosecurity scores, while larger herd sizes being associated with higher biosecurity scores (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that biosecurity implementation remains limited across many farms, particularly among multi-species and smaller-scale operations, highlighting the need for targeted and context-adapted biosecurity outreach and preparedness efforts in Puerto Rico, particularly in western regions located closer to ASF-endemic areas in the Caribbean.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endemic Circulation and Genetic Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Buffalo Populations of Bangladesh","authors":"Abdullah Mohammad Asif,&nbsp;Tajul Islam Mamun,&nbsp;Md. Rokibul Hasan Shanto,&nbsp;Md. Khademul Islam,&nbsp;Md. Mashfiq Hossain Khadem,&nbsp;Uttama Acharjee,&nbsp;Md. Shazzadul Kabir,&nbsp;Md. Shakil Mahmud Supto,&nbsp;Asikur Rahman,&nbsp;Syed Muktadir Al Sium,&nbsp;Amam Zonaed Siddiki,&nbsp;Md Bashir Uddin,&nbsp;Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3107202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3107202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) is endemic in Bangladesh, causing severe economic losses in the livestock sector. While it primarily affects cattle, buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) remain highly susceptible. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of FMDV in buffaloes across three districts (Sylhet, Rajshahi, and Noakhali) of Bangladesh from January to June 2024. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 622 nasal swabs from 67 herds were collected and tested for FMDV RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overall, 255 samples were positive, resulting in an individual-level prevalence of 41.0%(255/622), while 88.1% (59/67) of herds were FMDV-positive. Animal-level prevalence was highest in Sylhet (47.1%), followed by Noakhali (38.9%) and Rajshahi (37.1%). To further characterize circulating strains, eight representative RT-PCR-positive samples were sequenced, revealing the co-circulation of serotypes O (<i>n</i> = 5) and Asia-1 (<i>n</i> = 3). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the ME-SA/Ind2001e lineage of the serotype O and the Asia-1 Group V lineage, clustering with contemporary strains from Bangladesh and neighboring countries, suggesting possible intra- and transboundary transmission. Pairwise genetic distance evaluation revealed high regional similarity, while Mantel tests indicated significant associations between genetic, geographic, and temporal distances. Comparative genomic analysis revealed largely conserved genomic regions, whereas VP1 analysis indicated that purifying selection predominated across both serotypes, with serotype O exhibiting greater genetic diversity (<i>π</i> = 0.11642) than Asia-1 (<i>π</i> = 0.05258), suggesting localized antigenic variability and possible immune-mediated viral evolution. These findings highlight the need for strengthened surveillance, improved biosecurity, and integrated vaccination strategies to enhance FMD control and reduce economic losses in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3107202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Divergence and Molecular Signatures of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus S-INDEL Subtype","authors":"Yue Chen,&nbsp;Lin Yuan,&nbsp;Wenqiang Wang,&nbsp;Lulu Chen,&nbsp;Can Cui,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenbang Zhu,&nbsp;Wei Wen,&nbsp;Kegong Tian,&nbsp;Xiangdong Li","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1604677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1604677","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) continues to evolve under the selective pressures of vaccine-induced immunity and environmental factors, leading to immune evasion and sustained piglet mortality. In this study, we characterized PEDV field strains collected across China from 2023 to 2026 and observed substantial genetic divergence. Among them, three strains were identified as the S-INDEL subtype, with each located on a distinct branch of the S-INDEL phylogenetic tree. Further analysis revealed branch-specific molecular features. Notably, strains on the S-INDEL-CH-1 and S-INDEL-CH-2 branches carry a three-nucleotide deletion at positions 416–418 in the S gene. To facilitate rapid discrimination of subtypes within the GI genotype and S-INDEL subtype, we established a hierarchical typing scheme that combines predicted N-linked glycosylation site polymorphisms (N1193 and N230) with the S-INDEL-specific deletion pattern, enabling rapid preliminary discrimination among PEDV GI genotype (GIa and GIb) and S-INDEL subtype directly from S gene sequences. Collectively, our findings provide a complementary and practical framework for PEDV GI genotype and S-INDEL subtype classification and yield new insights into the molecular characteristics of the S-INDEL subtype.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1604677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Against Toxoplasma gondii: Immunological Rationale, Platform Strategies, and Translational Challenges","authors":"Xiaoyu Sang,&nbsp;Yutong Zhang,&nbsp;Fangqi Sun,&nbsp;Yanting Jin,&nbsp;Hua Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Feng,&nbsp;Hany M. El-Wahsh,&nbsp;Sara Farag,&nbsp;Ebtesam Al-Olayan,&nbsp;Beniamino Cenci Goga,&nbsp;Na Yang,&nbsp;Saeed El-Ashram","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6819201","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/6819201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a widely distributed zoonotic pathogen with detrimental impacts on both human health and livestock production. No vaccine is available for humans, and the only licensed veterinary vaccine, Toxovax, has limitations related to safety, stability, and large-scale production. In this review, we analyze nanoparticle platforms, including PLGA, chitosan, lipid nanoparticles, calcium phosphate nanoparticles, virus-like particles, and porous delivery systems, in relation to antigen uptake and MHC-I/MHC-II presentation, Th1-polarized cellular immunity, and mucosal vaccination. We also consider how antigen selection, carrier properties, route of administration, and host species influence immune responses and protection. Available studies show that different antigens may perform differently within the same platform and that the same antigen may induce different outcomes when delivered by different carriers. From a One Health perspective, feline vaccination may reduce environmental oocyst contamination, whereas livestock vaccination may reduce tissue cysts and food-borne transmission. Although parenteral mRNA-LNP vaccines have reduced chronic-stage parasite burdens in mice, direct evidence that they induce intestinal mucosal immunity remains limited. Key translational issues include validation in nonrodent hosts, chronic-stage and mucosal endpoints, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory approval. Nanoparticle vaccines remain promising, but their successful development will require closer matching of antigen, platform, administration route, and target host.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6819201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148917698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Threat Emerges: The First Detection of GVIII Genotype IBV in China and the Urgent Need for Molecular Surveillance","authors":"Jiao Cai,&nbsp;Hongze Pang,&nbsp;Rui Xu,&nbsp;Chenchen Meng,&nbsp;Shiyan Xu,&nbsp;May Myat Thu,&nbsp;Yifan Zhang,&nbsp;Mengjiao Guo,&nbsp;Chengcheng Zhang,&nbsp;Zongyi Bo,&nbsp;Shouchang Zhou,&nbsp;Yantao Wu,&nbsp;Xiaorong Zhang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8699584","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/8699584","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2025, an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain of the GVIII genotype was identified and isolated from a poultry farm in Hebei Province, China, representing the first documented detection of this IBV genotype within the country to date. Nucleotide homology analysis revealed that the S1 gene of this isolate shares 62.2%–96.9% sequence identity with previously reported GVIII-type strains from other countries. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome indicated that this strain originated from a single recombination event: Its S gene may have been derived from the GVIII-1 lineage strain IBV/Ck/USA/CA/21-1883, while the remaining genomic regions were likely acquired from the GI-19 lineage strain SD. Pathogenicity evaluation demonstrated that infected flocks exhibited reduced body weight gain, with 40% of chickens showing signs of diarrhea. Necropsy findings included hemorrhagic lesions at the proventriculus-gizzard junction and within the bursa of Fabricius. Moreover, 85% of infected hens developed severe oviduct hypoplasia, and 90% showed a reduction in follicular number. The isolate described in this study constitutes the first detection of a GVIII genotype IBV strain in China, although its route of introduction remains undetermined. The emergence of this strain highlights the necessity for sustained molecular surveillance of IBV and the development of genotype-matched vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Pathogenicity Evaluation of Porcine Teschovirus in Tibetan Pigs on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China","authors":"Haohao Lu,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Danjiao Yang,&nbsp;Xue Gao,&nbsp;Shuo Feng,&nbsp;Yiwen Pei,&nbsp;Zhidong Zhang,&nbsp;Long Zhou","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8803438","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/8803438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is the causative agent of porcine diarrhea and multisystem disorder and poses a global threat to the health of domestic pigs. However, its epidemic and pathogenic characteristics in Tibetan pigs, which are a unique indigenous breed in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China, remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a comprehensive investigation during 2024–2025, in which 303 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from 21 farms across eight counties in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with an average altitude of 3433 m. RT-PCR testing identified 141 PTV-positive samples, yielding a high positivity rate of 46.5% (141/303). From these positives, 27 VP1 sequences were cloned and sequenced; phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16 strains belonged to <i>Teschovirus A</i>, three strains were divided into <i>Teschovirus B</i>, and three strains formed the interspecies recombinant genotypes (PTV-15/16). Interestingly, five novel strains were classified as undefined genotypes, indicating an extensive genetic diversity among PTV strains circulating in Tibetan pigs. Furthermore, a PTV strain, designated PTV-SCgz-01, was successfully isolated in PK-15 cells, with a near-complete genomic sequence of 7081 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis based on the polyprotein and the VP1 genes indicated that it belonged to genotype PTV-4, whereas recombination analysis revealed that PTV-SCgz-01 is a natural recombinant with parental strains derived from HNMY (PTV-4) and China/SWU-ZG2/2018 (PTV-6). Experimental infection of 17-day-old Tibetan piglets demonstrated that this isolate induces severe watery diarrhea. Notably, the virus also caused severe pulmonary hemorrhage and mild cerebral hyperemia with neuronal degeneration, and it had a high mortality rate (40%), suggesting that strain PTV-SCgz-01 has strong pathogenic potential for 17-day-old Tibetan piglets. Our findings provide a more comprehensive molecular epidemiology of PTVs in Tibetan pigs and underscore the need for viral surveillance and control in this unique pig population.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses: Origins, Global Spread, Transmission Pathways and Pathogenesis","authors":"Héctor Puente,&nbsp;Héctor Arguello,&nbsp;Pedro Rubio,&nbsp;Ana Carvajal","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6796680","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/6796680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine enteric coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a persistent and evolving threat to global pig production due to their high transmissibility, environmental stability and capacity for rapid international dissemination. Historically, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have been the most significant enteric CoVs in swine, causing acute outbreaks with severe diarrhoea and high neonatal mortality. In the past decade, additional pathogens have expanded this epidemiological landscape of porcine enteric CoVs. Swine enteric CoV (SeCoV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhoea syndrome CoV (SADS-CoV) illustrate the remarkable genetic plasticity, recombination capacity and interspecies transmission potential of this viral group. To address these challenges, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the main scope regarding the origins, global spread, transmission pathways, and pathogenesis of these viruses. We emphasise the critical differences among them, particularly concerning transboundary dissemination, host range, and zoonotic potential. In conclusion, the repeated emergence and host adaptation of these agents underscore the urgent need to address surveillance gaps through continuous molecular tracking, improved biosecurity protocols, and the development of coordinated global control strategies to mitigate their impact on animal health and modern production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}