Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"An Integrated Approach to an Emerging Problem: Implementing a Whole Year of Camera Trap Survey in Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife on Tick Abundance","authors":"Ezio Ferroglio,&nbsp;Rachele Vada,&nbsp;Flavia Occhibove,&nbsp;Mattia Fracchia,&nbsp;Federica De Cicco,&nbsp;Pablo Palencia,&nbsp;Amir Reza Varzandi,&nbsp;Stefania Zanet","doi":"10.1155/2024/4064855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4064855","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Tick-borne zoonoses are an emerging health issue. The expansion of ticks is mainly driven by climatic changes but also by new approaches to the management of the natural environment, increasing the abundance of vertebrate host species and thus the potential exposure to tick bites for both humans and companion animals. In this context, a holistic approach to studying ticks’ ecology is required. In the present work, we shed light on the link between environmental tick abundance (global and specific of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> nymphs, as the highest zoonotic threat) and the temporal occupancy of wildlife host species retrieved from camera traps (namely, wild ruminants, mesocarnivores and wild boar). We modelled this relationship by integrating abiotic factors relevant to tick survival, such as the vegetation cover and saturation deficit, and estimated the accuracy of prediction. To collect these data, we deployed camera traps in a peri-urban Natural Park in Northwest Italy to monitor wildlife for 1 whole year while collecting ticks in front of camera traps by dragging transects every 2 weeks. Overall, wildlife temporal occupancy showed an additive impact on tick abundance for species that are preferential hosts (deer and mesocarnivores) and a detractive impact for wild boar, which also presented a lower tick burden, particularly with regard to the tick species collected in the environment (mainly <i>I. ricinus</i> and <i>Haemaphysalis punctata</i>). Accuracy of prediction was higher for <i>I. ricinus</i> nymphs rather than the global model. Temporal fluctuations in the tick population were also highlighted. Wildlife temporal occupancy was not constant and varied between seasons according to feeding habits. In conclusion, we highlighted the utility of camera trap data to investigate tick ecology and acarological risk. This information is crucial in informing monitoring and prevention strategies to decrease the risk of tick bites in humans and thus zoonotic risk of tick-borne diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4064855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Complete Genome Analysis of Multiple Drug Resistance Proteus mirabilis KUST-1312 Isolate From Migratory Birds in China: A Public Health Threat","authors":"Jiayu Gao,&nbsp;Shufa Liu,&nbsp;Sadia Bano,&nbsp;Xueshan Xia,&nbsp;Zulqarnain Baloch","doi":"10.1155/2024/8102506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8102506","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, a gram-negative bacterium, poses a significant public health threat due to its multidrug-resistant (MDR) characteristics. Here, for the first time, we report the isolation and comprehensive genome analysis of an MDR strain, <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312, obtained from migratory birds in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 65 samples, including migratory bird feces, soil, and water from Dianchi Lake, were collected. Standard microbiological techniques were employed to isolate the <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312 strain from these samples. Genomic sequencing was conducted using a hybrid assembly strategy, combining Illumina and Oxford nanopore sequencing technologies. Phenotypic testing revealed the MDR nature of <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312, displaying resistance to various antibiotics except gentamicin and Cefotaxime. Notably, 15 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including <i>aph</i>(<i>3′</i>)-<i>Ia</i>, <i>cat</i>, <i>tet</i>(<i>J</i>), <i>bleO</i>, <i>dfrA12</i>, <i>aadA2</i>, <i>AAC</i>(<i>3</i>)-<i>IId</i>, <i>bla-TEM-1B</i>, <i>erm</i>(<i>42</i>),<i>aph</i>(<i>6</i>)-<i>Id</i>, <i>blaPER-1</i>, <i>sul2</i>, <i>aph</i>(<i>3′’</i>)-<i>Ib</i>(2copies), and <i>aph</i>(<i>3′</i>)-<i>VIb</i>, were identified on a single chromosome. These 15 ARGs were dispersed along three MDR regions, and the boundaries of these regions were consistently flanked by copies of insertion sequences and also contained other genetic elements. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the close relation of <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312 with environmental and clinical isolates reported from other continents rather than with Asian isolates. In conclusion, this study reports the first-ever isolation of an MDR <i>P. mirabilis</i> KUST-1312 strain from migratory birds globally, particularly in China. There is a need to explore further its prevalence in detail in various ecological niches, including migratory birds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8102506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Based Molecular Diversity of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Pigeons in China","authors":"Shuangyu Li,&nbsp;Xinshuai Liu,&nbsp;Haoyu Zhao,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Lu,&nbsp;Juan Wang,&nbsp;Ruichao Li,&nbsp;Peng Xie,&nbsp;Yibin Hu,&nbsp;Caiyuan Zhou,&nbsp;Qian Mao,&nbsp;Leilei Sun,&nbsp;Shanshan Li,&nbsp;Wenhui Wang,&nbsp;Fang Wang,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Tiantian Liu,&nbsp;Wei Pan,&nbsp;Chengbao Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/1828830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1828830","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ESBL-EC) strains present a significant menace to the well-being of both animals and humans. However, limited information is available regarding their profiles in pigeons. Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, drug susceptibility testing, and bioinformatics analysis, we examined the genomic features and epidemiology of 95 ESBL-EC strains (41 racing and 54 meat pigeons) that were isolated from 11 Chinese cities. These strains belonged to seven phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F). Moreover, these isolates have 51 serotypes, including several pathogenic ones (e.g., O51, O8, O4, O25, and O6). Notably, two high-risk clones, ST131 O25:H4, were found in racing pigeons and were responsible for the worldwide outbreaks of highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> infections. In addition, we found 41 multilocus sequence typing types, of which the dominant types were ST155, ST20, ST1011, and ST1196. In total, 91 isolates (95.79%) showed MDR, while eight isolates (8.42%) showed resistance to up to eight classes of antibiotics. Furthermore, we identified a series of ESBL genes in these isolates, including <i>bla</i>_CTX-M, <i>bla</i>_TEM, <i>bla</i>_OXA, <i>bla</i>_LAP, and <i>bla</i>_CMY. Also, 50 other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were accompanied by the carriage of 33 plasmid replicon types, facilitating the horizontal spread of ARGs. Interestingly, three <i>mcr-1</i>, four <i>mcr-1.1</i>, and one <i>tet</i>(X4) were found in isolates of meat pigeons, and it was possible to successfully transfer the plasmids containing <i>tet</i>(X4) and <i>mcr-1.1</i> to <i>E. coli</i> C600. In summary, this work presents the complexity of MDR profiles, plasmid profiles, and multiple typing profiles of Chinese ESBL-EC isolates of pigeon origin for the first time. The thorough investigation of ESBL-EC in pigeons presented in this work suggests that racing and meat pigeons are significant ARGs reservoirs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1828830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postepidemic Epidemiology of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in the United States","authors":"Dennis N. Makau,&nbsp;Nakarin Pamornchainavakul,&nbsp;Kimberly VanderWaal,&nbsp;Mariana Kikuti,&nbsp;Catalina Picasso-Risso,&nbsp;Emily Geary,&nbsp;Cesar A. Corzo","doi":"10.1155/2024/5531899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5531899","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) emerged in the United States (U.S.) swine population in 2013, initiating an initial significant epidemic followed by a state of endemicity in the U.S. Despite continued monitoring, the epidemiology of PEDV during its endemic phase remains inadequately researched. Our study aimed to characterize the spatial–temporal distribution of postepidemic PEDV cases in the U.S. breeding herd and identify associated risk factors. Data from 1089 breeding farms in 27 states, reported to the Morrison Swine Health Monitoring Project from July 2014 to June 2021, were analyzed. We stratified the data into six U.S. regions and employed SaTScan for spatiotemporal permutation and cluster analysis. Survival analysis was used to assess risk factors. A notable seasonal clustering of PEDV cases was observed in winter (January–March; <i>p</i> = 0.001, relative risk = 2.2) with regional variation. Ten high-rate spatial–temporal clusters (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05) were identified ranging from 2.5 to 833.7 km² and lasting 1–5 months, occurring in four regions between 2015 and 2021. For the study period, a total of 625 cases of PEDV were recorded on 372 farms. The total number of PEDV cases decreased from 95 breeding farms in 32 counties (2014–2015) to 53 farms in 28 counties (2020–2021), indicating an overall reduction in occurrence and spatial extent. Feed mitigants demonstrated a protective effect, significantly reducing the risk of PEDV occurrence (hazard ratio = 0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.003), while air filtration systems exhibited marginal benefits (hazard ratio = 0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.06). Other important risk factors included county farm density with farms in high-density regions (&gt;31 farms/100 km²) being 1.3 times more likely to experience outbreaks than in medium-density regions (13–31 farms/1000 km²; <i>p</i>  &lt; 0.001). Additionally, farms in region E had higher odds of outbreaks compared to region B. The overall decline in PEDV cases and reduced spatial extent reflect industry efforts in postepidemic control and elimination. The protective effects of feed mitigants warrant further investigation. Our findings underscore the opportunity for coordinated efforts to eliminate PEDV in the U.S. and emphasize the need for comprehensive risk profiling associated with industry practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5531899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Canine morbillivirus (Canine Distemper Virus) Field Strains in Dogs, Chile, 2022–2023","authors":"Naomi Ariyama,&nbsp;Belén Agüero,&nbsp;Benjamín Bennett,&nbsp;Constanza Urzúa,&nbsp;Felipe Berrios,&nbsp;Claudio Verdugo,&nbsp;Víctor Neira","doi":"10.1155/2024/9993255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9993255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a significant threat to dogs and wildlife worldwide, and this study sought to provide an updated genetic characterization of CDV field strains in Chile during 2022–2023. We collected samples from 52 suspected CDV cases in domestic dogs and detected viral RNA through real-time RT-PCR in 28 dogs (54%). Factors like age and vaccination status were determinants of CDV positivity, with young adult and unvaccinated dogs facing a higher infection risk. We isolated CDV from positive samples in VeroDogSLAM cells. From these isolates and direct samples, we obtained sequences and estimated the phylogeny based on gene H. CDV isolates from nasal and conjunctival swabs exhibited cytopathic effects, and sequence analysis unveiled a substantial genetic diversity among the strains. Chilean CDV strains demonstrated a genetic distance to vaccine strains of approximately 10%, antigenic-change-related amino acid substitutions, and novel putative glycosylation sites. In the phylogeny, Chilean CDV field strains clustered into two lineages, Europe/South America-1 and North/South America-4, indicating the emergence of the North/South America-4 lineage in Chile and underscoring the genetic complexity of CDV in the country. Interestingly, certain Chilean viruses shared a close common ancestor with Brazilian and Peruvian viruses, suggesting viral spreading patterns. Further investigations are warranted to comprehend the potential antigenic implications of these genetically diverse CDV strains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9993255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Assessment for Risk of Possible Human Transmission of FCoV-23","authors":"Ahmet Caglar Ozketen,&nbsp;Hasan Huseyin Kazan,&nbsp;Cenk Serhan Özverel,&nbsp;Tamer Şanlıdağ","doi":"10.1155/2024/8398470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8398470","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Since the pandemic in 2019, coronaviruses (CoVs) have been a great concern for public health burden. The fact that CoVs can infect all animals including domestic ones and livestock points to a future pandemic even though interaction between human and wildlife animals is restricted. Moreover, interspecies transmission abilities of CoVs by mutations make them drastically risky not only for humans but also for animal health. Recently, a new CoV outbreak in cats in Cyprus, the so-called FCoV-23, has been realized. In addition to worries over animal health, any possible transmission to humans is now controversial. However, there have been limited characterization studies on FCoV-23. Thus, we aimed to assess the possible transmission of FCoV-23 to humans using <i>in silico</i> prediction tools. Accordingly, we first checked the binding affinities of receptor binding domain (RBD) of FCoV-23 against feline target protein and its human homolog. Next, we randomly and rationally created mutations on the RBD sequence and evaluated the binding affinities using protein docking tools. Our results underlined that multiple mutations at the same time were needed for increased binding affinity towards human target protein, demonstrating that the probability of transmission to humans was extremely low when mutation rates were regarded. Still, further molecular studies are required to comprehensively conclude the possible transmission risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8398470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Epidemiologic Features of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus A H5N1 2.3.3.4b Panzootic: A Review","authors":"Carlos Sacristán,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Ewbank,&nbsp;Pablo Ibáñez Porras,&nbsp;Elisa Pérez Ramírez,&nbsp;Ana de la Torre,&nbsp;Víctor Briones,&nbsp;Irene Iglesias","doi":"10.1155/2024/5322378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5322378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Avian influenza is one of the most devastating avian diseases. The current high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b epizootic began in the 2020–2021 season, and has caused a panzootic, considered one of the worst ever reported. The present panzootic has novel epidemiological features that represent a challenge for its prevention and control. This review examines key epidemiological changes of the disease such as seasonality, geographic spread, and host range. The seasonality of the virus has changed, and contrary to previous avian influenza epizootics, this subclade was able to persist during boreal summer. Its geographic range has expanded, with reports in all continents except Australia. During this epizootic, HPAIV H5N1 has broadened its host range, infecting hundreds of bird species, and causing the death of thousands of wild birds and over 300 million poultry. The number and diversity of mammal species infected by H5N1 2.3.4.4b is unprecedented. Although considered low, this strain’s potential to spillover to humans should not be underestimated, especially considering the current extremely high viral circulation in animals and increasing adaptation to mammals. Overall, HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b represents an ongoing and growing threat to poultry, wildlife, and human health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5322378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetically Informative Mutations in Drug Resistance Genes of Human-Infecting Mycobacterium bovis","authors":"Yuhui Dong,&nbsp;Xichao Ou,&nbsp;Bing Zhao,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Wang,&nbsp;Yiduo Liu,&nbsp;Ziyi Liu,&nbsp;Haoran Wang,&nbsp;Xin Ge,&nbsp;Yue Nan,&nbsp;Yanlin Zhao,&nbsp;Xiangmei Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2024/5578214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5578214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) by molecular testing of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> drug resistance genes is becoming increasingly common clinically. However, <i>M. bovis</i>, as an uncommon pathogen of human TB, may interfere with the test results. A comprehensive understanding of phylogenetically informative mutations in the drug resistance genes of <i>M. bovis</i> is required to distinguish true resistance-conferring mutations. We analyzed 53 drug resistance genes in 165 <i>M. bovis</i> isolated from humans using whole-genome sequencing data and found that 98.2% (162/165) of isolates have pyrazinamide intrinsic genotypic resistance, owing to the H57D mutation in the <i>pncA</i> gene. 12.1% (20/165) of <i>M. bovis</i> isolates were resistant to drugs other than pyrazinamide. Furthermore, we discovered 18 phylogenetically informative mutations that differed between <i>M. bovis</i> and the major lineages 1–4 of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Additionally, we reported false-positive ethambutol resistance caused by <i>M. bovis</i> infection due to the phylogenetically informative mutation <i>embB</i> E378A. This study is crucial for gaining insights into the genetic characterization and drug resistance of <i>M. bovis</i> prevalent in humans, as well as contributing to the development of more accurate molecular diagnostic methods and detection tools for drug resistance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5578214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Porcine–Human Reassortant and Zoonotic Group A Rotaviruses in Humans in Poland","authors":"Iwona Kozyra,&nbsp;Janusz Kocki,&nbsp;Artur Rzeżutka","doi":"10.1155/2024/4232389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4232389","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are widespread in humans and many animal species and represent the most epidemiologically important rotavirus group. The aim of the study was the identification of the genotype pattern of human RVA strains circulating in Poland, assessment of their phylogenetic relationships to pig RVAs and identification of reassortant and zoonotic virus strains. Human stool samples which were RVA positive (<i>n</i> = 166) were collected from children and adults at the age of 1 month to 74 years with symptoms of diarrhoea. Identification of the G and P genotypes of human RVAs as well as the complete genotype of reassortant and zoonotic virus strains was performed by the use of an RT-PCR method. The G (G1–G4, G8 or G9) and/or P (P[4], P[6], P[8] or P[9]) genotypes were determined for 148 (89.2%) out of 166 RVA strains present in human stool. G1P[8] RVA strains prevailed, and G4P[8] (20.5%), G9P[8] (15.7%) and G2P[4] (13.3%) human RVA strains were also frequently identified. The full genome analysis of human G4P[6] as well as pig G1P[8] and G5P[6] RVAs revealed the occurrence of porcine–human reassortants and zoonotic RVAs. Detection of G4P[6] in pigs confirms their role as a reservoir of zoonotic RVAs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4232389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Triplex qPCR Assay for Differentiating Highly Virulent Genotype I Recombinant Virus From Low-Virulence Genotype I and Genotype II African Swine Fever Viruses Circulating in China","authors":"Leilei Ding,&nbsp;Tao Ren,&nbsp;Guoxia Bing,&nbsp;Zhigang Wang,&nbsp;Baoyue Wang,&nbsp;Jianqiang Ni,&nbsp;Yuliang Liu,&nbsp;Rui Zhao,&nbsp;Yuanmao Zhu,&nbsp;Fang Li,&nbsp;Renqiang Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Fu,&nbsp;Zhijun Tian,&nbsp;Zhigao Bu,&nbsp;Encheng Sun,&nbsp;Dongming Zhao","doi":"10.1155/2024/6206857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6206857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses serious threats to the global swine industry, food safety, and the economy. Since August 2018, different types of ASFVs have successively emerged in China, making ASF diagnostics more challenging. The highly virulent genotype I recombinant virus has gradually become the prevalent dominant strain and is identified by sequencing several of its genes, which is time-consuming and expensive. Here, we developed a triplex real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the ASFV B646L, X64R, and MGF_360-14L genes to differentiate highly virulent genotype I recombinant viruses from low-virulence genotype I and genotype II viruses in China. This method has high sensitivity and a limit of detection of 10 copies/reaction for standard plasmids, as well as good specificity without cross-reactions with the viral nucleic acids of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV 2), porcine circovirus 3 (PCV 3), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), or porcine rotavirus (PoRV). Importantly, triplex qPCR can be used to quickly and accurately evaluate clinical samples and cell cultures infected with highly virulent genotype I virus, low-virulence genotype I virus, or genotype II virus. Thus, triplex qPCR provides an alternative tool for ASF surveillance in China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6206857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}