Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Challenges and Advances in Porcine Circovirus: A Decade in Review","authors":"Jiawei Zheng,&nbsp;Guoqing Zhang,&nbsp;Peiheng Li,&nbsp;Linzhu Ren","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4921135","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/4921135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, porcine circoviruses (PCVs) have continued to pose a significant threat to global swine health, and pivotal discoveries have significantly reshaped our understanding of their biology and control. Extensive genomic surveillance has expanded porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) genotyping from four to at least eight lineages, with PCV2d now globally dominant under vaccine-driven selection pressure. Since 2016, three novel species, PCV3, PCV4, and PCV5, have been identified, linked to reproductive failure, myocarditis, multisystemic inflammation, and potential neuroinvasion; however, their pathogenic potential remains under active investigation. Recent studies have revealed that PCVs evade host defenses by targeting the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and modulating regulated cell death pathways, thereby fostering viral persistence and immune dysregulation. PCV–induced immunosuppression not only exacerbates bacterial and viral coinfections but also impairs vaccine efficacy, leading to complex clinical outcomes. Advances in structural virology have clarified the roles of the Cap protein, identifying key antigenic loops and posttranslational modifications that influence immunogenicity and vaccine escape. This knowledge has accelerated the development of novel diagnostic assays and next-generation vaccines. Furthermore, vaccine innovation has progressed beyond traditional inactivated formulations to recombinant subunit, virus-like particle, and DNA platforms, some of which incorporate modular or multivalent designs to address genotype diversity and coinfection scenarios. Despite these advances, challenges persist, including the continuous emergence of immune-escape variants, inconsistent vaccine performance under field conditions, and an incomplete understanding of the pathogenicity of PCV3 to PCV5. Therefore, multidisciplinary strategies integrating molecular epidemiology, structural vaccinology, and advanced biotechnologies will be critical to closing current knowledge gaps and ensuring sustainable PCV control.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146007960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Duck Orthoreovirus Induces Ferroptosis in HD11 Cells by Hijacking Cellular Iron Metabolism and Promoting Iron Accumulation","authors":"Hongzhi Wang,&nbsp;Di Lei,&nbsp;Chenchen Jiang,&nbsp;Boyi Xu,&nbsp;Yi Tang,&nbsp;Rendong Fang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7722201","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/7722201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Novel duck orthoreovirus (NDRV) infection induces severe splenic necrosis in ducks, resulting in a cascade of detrimental consequences, including immunosuppression, secondary infections, and diminished vaccine efficacy. Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) exhibits high tropism for macrophages, with splenic macrophages being identified as the primary target cells of NDRV. Although ferroptosis has been implicated in this pathological process, the molecular mechanism underlying NDRV-induced cellular damage remains poorly elucidated. In this study, an in vitro model of NDRV infection was established using HD11 cells to systematically investigate its effect on ferroptosis and the associated mechanisms. Our results indicate that NDRV infection triggers ferroptosis and markedly elevates intracellular Fe²⁺ levels. Mechanistically, NDRV upregulates transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), thereby enhancing iron uptake, promoting iron accumulation, and ultimately inducing ferroptosis. This study is the first to reveal that NDRV induces macrophage ferroptosis by hijacking cellular iron metabolism, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanism through which NDRV infection mediates splenic necrosis and immune cell injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-Driven Genetic Diversity of Leptospira in the Americas: A Continental Perspective","authors":"Alejandro Suárez-Galaz,&nbsp;Sokani Sánchez-Montes,&nbsp;Marco Torres-Castro,&nbsp;Rodolfo Chan-Chan,&nbsp;Aarón Yeh-Gorocica,&nbsp;Wilson Moguel-Chin,&nbsp;Carlos I. Miranda-Caballero,&nbsp;Estefanía Grostieta,&nbsp;Alonso Panti-May,&nbsp;Hugo Ruiz-Piña,&nbsp;Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas,&nbsp;Anabel Cruz-Romero,&nbsp;Nadia F. Ojeda-Robertos,&nbsp;Enrique Reyes-Novelo","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2456548","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/2456548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Leptospira</i> is a genetically diverse genus of spirochetes comprising over 68 species, including several pathogenic taxa such as <i>L</i>. <i>interrogans</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>santarosai</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>noguchii</i>, and <i>L</i>. <i>weilii</i>. These bacteria infect a wide range of vertebrates, especially mammals, with infected animals serving as renal carriers that excrete the pathogen through urine. While rodents are the primary reservoirs for some species, multiple vertebrate orders participate in <i>Leptospira</i> transmission cycles in the Americas. This study aimed to assess and compare the genetic diversity of <i>Leptospira</i> populations across mammalian hosts throughout their distribution ranges in the Americas, exploring the influence of host interactions on bacterial diversity. Data for this study were obtained from two sources: (1) original screening of bats and rodents for pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> and (2) partial gene sequences (<i>16S</i>, <i>LipL32</i>, and <i>SecY</i>) retrieved from GenBank, including sequences from human leptospirosis cases. A total of 321 animals were sampled (104 rodents and 217 bats), with an overall infection frequency of 12.1%. Positive samples were identified via BLAST as <i>L</i>. <i>interrogans</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>noguchii</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>santarosai</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>alexanderi</i>, and <i>L</i>. <i>weilii</i>. Genetic diversity metrics were calculated, and haplotype networks were constructed. Overall analyses revealed greater genetic diversity in bat <i>Leptospira</i> sequences, particularly in the <i>SecY</i> gene. In contrast, artiodactyls exhibited high intraspecific variation, suggesting a potential role in generating new <i>Leptospira</i> variants. Marsupials, rodents, and carnivores showed limited <i>Leptospira</i> diversity. These findings offer new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of <i>Leptospira</i> in the Americas and highlight the role of host ecology in shaping pathogen genetic diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Evaluation of a Multicolor Latex Microsphere-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Simultaneous Detection of Antibodies Against African and Classical Swine Fever Viruses","authors":"Jie Chen,&nbsp;Zhengwang Shi,&nbsp;Yi Ru,&nbsp;Juncong Luo,&nbsp;Qianqian Yang,&nbsp;Yage Xie,&nbsp;Lin Wang,&nbsp;Jing Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhang,&nbsp;Juanjuan Wei,&nbsp;Yuqian Zhu,&nbsp;Hong Tian,&nbsp;Haixue Zheng","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5512419","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/5512419","url":null,"abstract":"<p>African swine fever (ASF), a highly fatal disease often termed the “number one killer” of pigs, presents clinical symptoms indistinguishable from classical swine fever (CSF), such as fever, diarrhea, and vomiting, complicating on-site differential diagnosis. As both ASF and CSF are notifiable diseases under the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), rapid and accurate identification is crucial for effective outbreak management. In this study, we developed a multicolor lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on latex microspheres (LMs) for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against ASF virus (ASFV) and CSF virus (CSFV). The assay enables visual differentiation within 15 min, with red indicating ASFV antibodies and blue indicating CSFV antibodies. After optimization, the LFIA demonstrated a sensitivity of 1:256, equivalent to that of a commercial ASFV ELISA kit and four-fold higher than that for CSFV (1:64). The assay exhibited high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with other common swine pathogens and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). When applied to 180 clinical serum samples and compared with commercial ELISA kits, the LFIA achieved Cohen’s kappa values of 0.986 for ASFV and 0.918 for CSFV, indicating excellent agreement. Additionally, intra and interbatch evaluations confirmed its robust repeatability. Overall, the multicolor LM-LFIA offers a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective tool for point-of-care testing (POCT) of ASFV and CSFV antibodies, holding promise for routine field surveillance and disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12809178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus With Nanotube-Adjuvanted Oral DNA Vaccines","authors":"Hsing-Chieh Wu,&nbsp;Thu-Dung Doan,&nbsp;Wan-Chen Chang,&nbsp;Min-Kung Hsu,&nbsp;Hsian-Yu Wang,&nbsp;Jiahorng Liaw,&nbsp;Chia-Jung Chang,&nbsp;Chun-Yen Chu","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6727844","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/6727844","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea in piglets. The ideal route of protection against PEDV for piglets is through passive (lactogenic) immunity, which is not provided by current inactivated and subunit vaccines on the market. In this study, we investigated whether a DNA vaccine encoding the full PEDV spike protein adjuvanted with cyclo-peptide nanotubes (cPNTs) can provide protection against PEDV through active and passive immunity. For the active immunization experiment, piglets were vaccinated, and the immune response was analyzed, followed by a PEDV challenge test. In a separate experiment, to evaluate the passive (lactogenic) immunity elicited by the cPNTs-adjuvanted DNA vaccine, pregnant sows in a local farm were immunized, and the survival of farrowed piglets was examined. The results showed that, in the active immunization experiment, the DNA vaccine elicited IFN-γ and IL-12 production in piglets. IgA antibodies were detected in the serum, and the expansion of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells was observed. Upon virus challenge, vaccinated piglets remained healthy, gained weight, and showed only mild signs of diarrhea, with minimal virus shedding (Ct value of 33, compared with 16 for the saline-vaccinated control group). For the passive immunity experiment, results show that the DNA vaccine administered orally induced higher levels of IgA in the colostrum of vaccinated sows compared to mock vaccination. The survival rate of the farrowed piglets was higher at 84% for the DNA-oral group compared to that of the mock vaccination group (68%). In conclusion, the cPNTs-adjuvanted DNA vaccine can not only generate protective immunity through direct immunization of piglets but also induce lactogenic immunity in pregnant sows to protect farrowed piglets from PEDV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12791578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Diagnosis of Viral Diseases","authors":"Quanyu Ren,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Haoyuan Ma,&nbsp;Jialiang Xie,&nbsp;Jianyou Jin,&nbsp;Rumeng Tian,&nbsp;Hao Yu,&nbsp;Xu Gao","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5701806","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/5701806","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Viral diseases are a major threat to human and animal health, as illustrated by recent pandemics like COVID-19 and African swine fever (ASF). Timely, accurate detection of viral infections is critical for effective disease control. Among diverse diagnostic techniques, lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has become a widely used on-site testing tool, owing to its speed, simplicity, affordability, and portability. The application of LFIA for detecting human and animal viruses is feasible, which highlights its practical utility in veterinary settings. This review summarizes key advances in LFIA for the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases over the past decade, focusing on its technical principles, practical applications, core advantages, existing limitations, and potential effective strategies to provide comprehensive knowledge for virus detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12790179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infected Calves Showing Multisystemic Vasculitis on Postmortem Examination: A Summary of Six Cases","authors":"Israt Jerin,&nbsp;Md. Riabbel Hossain,&nbsp;Shadia Tasnim,&nbsp;Seikh Masudur Rahman,&nbsp;Anja Globig,&nbsp;Bernd Hoffmann,&nbsp;Emdadul Haque Chowdhury,&nbsp;Rokshana Parvin","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8721034","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/8721034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a rapidly spreading transboundary viral disease of cattle and water buffalo that poses a significant threat to livestock health and economies of Bangladesh. Calf mortality is steadily increasing over time. This study documented fatal calf mortality with vasculitis-driven multisystemic pathology, which has been rarely reported in Bangladesh. To investigate the rising incidence of calf mortality in Bangladesh, this study conducted a pathological investigation of six deceased calves and molecular analyses of the viruses. Clinically affected calves in north-central Bangladesh exhibited high fever, skin nodules, lymphadenopathy, joint swelling, respiratory distress, ocular and nasal discharge, and edema. Cutaneous nodules often sloughed off, leaving deep ulcerative lesions. Gross pathology of six deceased calves revealed multisystemic lesions, including congestion and edema of the nasal passages, tracheitis, pulmonary consolidation, renal congestion and necrosis, hepatomegaly with multifocal necrosis, splenic atrophy, and lymphadenopathy. Histopathology demonstrated necrotizing inflammation, severe broncho-interstitial pneumonia, hepatic centrilobular necrosis, myocardial infarction, interstitial nephritis with vasculitis, and marked lymphoid depletion. Molecular detection confirmed moderate to high viral loads in the skin and internal organs, consistent with the pathological findings. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis placed the isolates within cluster 1.2 (classical African/Kenyan sheep and goat pox [KSGP]-like lineage), with one strain clustering closely with isolates from India, Serbia, and Russia, indicating possible cross-border viral movement and genetic evolution. These findings confirm the continued circulation of classical cluster 1.2 LSD virus (LSDV) in Bangladesh, with accumulating genetic variation possibly enhancing virulence in calves. The study underscores the need for sustained genomic surveillance, expanded vaccination, and improved biosecurity to mitigate future LSD outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12771613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel In-Cell ELISA With Superior Sensitivity and Specificity for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus-Specific IgM and IgG Antibodies","authors":"Ping Wu,&nbsp;Aric J. McDaniel,&nbsp;Yelitza Y. Rodríguez,&nbsp;Vivian O’Donnell,&nbsp;Wei Jia","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6272844","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/6272844","url":null,"abstract":"<p>African swine fever (ASF), a high-profile transboundary animal disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV), imposes a devastating impact on the global swine industry. Given that vaccines are still under development, including field evaluations, early detection of ASFV is crucial for effective disease control and mitigation. Although PCR is the primary viral detection method of acute or subacute ASFV infections, antibody detection plays a unique role in detecting low-virulent ASFV infection, identifying recovered animals, and tracking viral transmission. ELISA for ASFV antibody detection is commonly used for initial serological screening. To avoid false positive results, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) recommends using a second serologic method, such as the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), indirect immunoperoxidase test (IPT), or immunoblot test, to confirm the ELISA-positive cases. This strategy improves specificity but not sensitivity (i.e., false negative cases persist). To address this issue, a novel in-cell ELISA (icELISA) was developed in this study. Receiver operating curve analysis of the icELISA revealed the optimized cutoff value of sample-to-positive ratio (S/P ratio) was at 47% with 99.46% analytical sensitivity and 99.43% analytical specificity. Results of the comparative diagnostic sensitivity analysis showed that positive detections of icELISA (150 samples) surpassed a blocking ELISA-IPT combination (132 samples) by 18 samples. Further investigation revealed that the 18 samples contained ASFV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies instead of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The results suggested the icELISA can detect both ASFV-specific IgG and IgM, which outperforms a blocking ELISA-IPT combination in earlier detection, particularly when only IgM antibody is present in a test sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12766277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Estimating the Spatial Distribution of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Africa","authors":"Rong Chai,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang,&nbsp;Dengata Lemu Joka","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9501187","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/9501187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease that primarily affects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. Since first emerging in Africa, it has rapidly spread throughout the continent, causing significant mortality and posing a serious threat to livestock production and food security. In this study, we integrated diverse datasets using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and employed the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to identify key drivers influencing the distribution of PPR outbreaks in Africa. Our comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of PPR transmission, identifying shifting patterns of geographic spread, temporal clusters, and factors contributing to outbreak emergence and persistence over time. Based on existing research data, the results indicate a notable shift in the epidemic’s center of gravity from northwestern to southeastern Africa, offering strategic direction for future surveillance and control efforts. This study to understand and predict the distribution of PPR in Africa will help to develop a targeted surveillance program and analyze the trend of PPRV prevalence in Africa, which is important for the eradication and prevention of PPR.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12766275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Natural Recombinant NADC30-Like PRRSV Strain in China: Intersection of CH-1a, QYYZ, and JXA1 Lineages","authors":"Heng Zhang,&nbsp;Chengxin Zhang,&nbsp;Yingru Ma,&nbsp;Qin Zhao,&nbsp;Ximei Wang,&nbsp;Qing Pan,&nbsp;Yani Sun","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6134933","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/6134933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a major threat to global swine production. In this study, a novel strain (PRRSV-AH1) was isolated during a respiratory disease outbreak at a commercial swine operation in Anhui Province, China. Viral replication in MARC-145 cells was confirmed by observing cytopathic effects (CPEs) and conducting immunofluorescence assays (IFAs). Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 15,020 bp genome exhibiting 90.0% identity with the NADC30 reference strain, including lineage 1-characteristic nonstructural polyprotein (Nsp)2 deletions. A distinctive L10S substitution in GP2 aligned with conserved residues of PRRSV-1. Recombination analysis identified PRRSV-AH1 as a novel chimera with a NADC30-like backbone incorporating CH-1a-like (lineage 8), JXA1-like (lineage 8), and QYYZ-like (lineage 3) sequences—representing the first reported instance of this specific recombination pattern. Experimental infection of piglets induced characteristic PRRSV pathology, including sustained pyrexia, reduced weight gain, prolonged viremia, and neutralizing antibody seroconversion. Comparative pathogenicity analysis revealed that the PRRSV-AH1 strain elicited febrile responses and peak body temperatures intermediate between classic NADC30-like strains and JXA1 strains. Notably, PRRSV-AH1 demonstrated a PRRSV-N-specific IgG induction capacity comparable to that of highly pathogenic variants. These findings establish PRRSV-AH1 as a multilineage recombinant (NADC30-like, CH-1a, QYYZ, and JXA1 Lineages) resulting from multiple genetic exchanges, underscoring the increasing complexity of PRRSV diversity in China. Accelerated mutation and recombination across lineages complicate disease control efforts, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance, mechanistic recombination studies, and the development of novel vaccines to mitigate future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12766897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}