Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Surveillance of Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases in South Korea: Uncovering Novel Pathogen Carriers Among Rodents and Mites Nationwide","authors":"Beoul Kim,&nbsp;You-Jeong Lee,&nbsp;Hee Il Lee,&nbsp;Dongmi Kwak,&nbsp;Min-Goo Seo","doi":"10.1155/2024/5544660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5544660","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wild rodents and their ectoparasites are known reservoirs for various zoonotic pathogens, highlighting the need for detailed studies into their roles in disease transmission. Our research investigated the spatial distribution of rodents and their ectoparasites to better understand the epidemiology of vector-borne zoonotic diseases (VBZDs), including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), Lyme disease, Q fever, and scrub typhus. We analyzed samples from 540 rodents and 6785 mites, detecting the presence of <i>Borrelia</i> spp., the causative agent of Lyme disease, in 0.9% of rodents and SFTS virus (SFTSV) in 1.0%. In mites, <i>Borrelia</i> spp. and <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i>, the bacteria causing scrub typhus, were detected in 0.3% of samples each. Phylogenetic analysis identified the SFTSV sequence as type B3, the <i>Borrelia</i> spp. sequence as <i>B. afzelii</i>, and the <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> sequence as Karp-related. Notably, SFTSV was detected for the first time in mites in South Korea, and <i>B. afzelii</i> was found in mites for the first time globally. These findings emphasize the critical need for continuous analysis of VBZDs to anticipate future trends and develop a comprehensive monitoring system. Further research into the rodent and mite populations in South Korea is essential to fully assess the potential risks of VBZDs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5544660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Genetic Investigation of Avian Coronaviruses in Migratory Ducks From South Korea","authors":"Yunhee Gim,&nbsp;Song Hwi Jeong,&nbsp;Young Ju Lee,&nbsp;Guehwan Jang,&nbsp;Changhee Lee","doi":"10.1155/2024/9502737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9502737","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) belonging to the <i>Gamma-CoV</i> and <i>Delta-CoV</i> genera are widespread in poultry and wildfowl. Migratory birds, particularly duck species, serve as hosts for CoVs and play a pivotal role in transmitting the viruses to other species, including mammals. Despite the potential risks to animals and humans, there remains a narrow knowledge of the genetic and epidemiological properties of CoVs in wild birds. The current research aimed to detect and characterize CoVs present in migratory duck species (<i>Anas acuta</i>, <i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>, and <i>Anas poecilorhyncha</i>) from South Korea. Employing two rounds of pan-CoV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR (nPCR) assays amplifying the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) portion common to all known CoVs, we screened 2120 duck fecal samples collected during 2022–2023. The results indicated the presence of CoVs in 4.2% (91/2120) of samples from migratory ducks. Nucleotide sequencing of the RdRp gene revealed that all identified CoVs were clustered within the <i>Gamma-CoV</i> genus. Further phylogenetic analysis suggested that South Korean gamma-CoVs belong to the <i>Igacovirus</i> subgenus and share similarities with those found worldwide, highlighting the critical role of migratory ducks in introducing and exporting avian CoVs. We discovered two clade VII igacovirus strains in wild ducks closely related to those in pigeons, implying potential cross infection between these avian species. Overall, our study underscores the importance of active surveillance and monitoring of avian CoVs in wild birds as a preemptive response against the forthcoming emergence of new CoV species that can threaten both animal and human health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9502737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herd-Level Modeling of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Transmission in Cattle Herds in Southern Chile: Linking Within and Between-Herd Dynamics","authors":"Oscar Alocilla-Velásquez,&nbsp;Gustavo Monti,&nbsp;Helmut Saatkamp,&nbsp;Monique Mourits,&nbsp;Ann Lindberg,&nbsp;Stefan Widgren","doi":"10.1155/2024/4734277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4734277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) represents a serious threat to the cattle sector in Chile, indicating the need for a regionally defined control program. <i>Ex-ante</i> evaluations of program options using simulation modeling have proven to be a successful approach in providing decision-makers with relevant supporting insights in that respect. Given the complexity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection dynamics, simulation of BVD spread in a metapopulation requires detailed consideration of both within and between herd transmission dynamics. The aims of the study are (i) to investigate the dynamics of BVDV transmission in cattle herds in southern Chile by linking a within-herd transmission model (WHM) that accounts for the BVDV’s unique characteristics with a between-herd model (BHM) that meets the demands for further regional control strategy evaluation; (ii) to suggest and discuss criteria for evaluation of the model approach and plausibility for later research and for support decision-making. This resulted in bringing forth a modeling rationale for complex disease spread simulation in metapopulations. BHM simulations under this approach show outcomes that agree with BVDV’s known situation in Chile; dairy herds prevalence at endemic equilibrium reaches and maintains 75%, which agrees with estimations of BVDV active infection in dairy herds in southern Chile (77%). For the entire herd population, the infection always reaches endemic levels with a large proportion of infected herds (median = 60%), where herd prevalence was higher in the dairy herd class than in the remaining categories. Transmission probability variation affects the new infections picked, prevalence at endemic levels, and the velocity in which the infection spreads between herds. The fact that the presented approach was able to model a complex infection dynamic such BVDV, with sufficient confidence, provides evidence that this approach can be used to explore mitigation strategies to control BVDV in southern Chilean herds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4734277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic Characteristics of Five Different Lineage of Korean PRRSV-2 Isolates (NADC30-Like, VR2332-Like, LKA, LKB, and LKC)","authors":"Chang-Gi Jeong,&nbsp;Seung-Chai Kim,&nbsp;Simin Lee,&nbsp;Hwan-Ju Kim,&nbsp;Sameer ul Salam Mattoo,&nbsp;Salik Nazki,&nbsp;Amina Khatun,&nbsp;Go-Eun Shin,&nbsp;Myeon-Sik Yang,&nbsp;Hye-Young Jeoung,&nbsp;Kyoung-Ki Lee,&nbsp;Jae-Ku Oem,&nbsp;Sang-Myeong Lee,&nbsp;Bumseok Kim,&nbsp;Gayeon Won,&nbsp;Won-Il Kim","doi":"10.1155/2024/1618472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1618472","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen in the worldwide swine industry. The virus shows high genetic variation coupled with a broad range of virulence in pigs. Although multiple lineages of the virus have been prevalent throughout in Korea, the characteristics of lineage-wise pathogenicity are largely unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze and compare the pathogenicity of 11 representative Korean PRRSV-2 isolates selected from PRRSV-2 lineages circulating in Korea, NADC30-like, VR2332-like, and three nation-specific lineages (lineage KOR A (LKA), lineage KOR B (LKB), and lineage KOR C (LKC)), which have been continuously prevalent in the nation. Eleven groups of pigs were experimentally infected with one Korean PRRSV-2 isolate through four consecutive animal experiments. Body weight and body temperature were recorded during each 4-week challenge experiment period, and virological, serological, and histopathological tests were performed on the collected samples. The data from the animal experiments were integrated into two indicators—excretion and clinical signs—through correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). Meta-analysis was used to compare PRRSV-2 isolates using each indicator. Based on these analyses, while L1C viruses used in this study (JB15-N-P31-GB and JB15-N-PJ73-GN, similar to NADC30-like strains) exhibited low or moderate levels of excretion and clinical signs, lineage 5 (L5) or modified live vaccine (MLV)-variant strains exhibited high levels of excretion compared to other PRRSV-2 isolates. However, the L5 variants all caused mild clinical signs, except for JB15-N-PJ4-GN, which showed the 4th highest clinical sign indicator. Among the Korean lineages (LKA, LKB, and LKC), two LKB strains (GGYC45 and JB15-N-PJ10-GN) were the most virulent as they showed the highest mortality after the challenge. On the other hand, the LKA and LKC viruses displayed lower excretion indicators than L5 strains, but they had higher-ranked clinical sign indicators than low-virulence L5 MLV variants. In conclusion, PRRSV prevalent in Korea has diverse excretion and clinical characteristics, and certain lineage is highly pathogenic. These results will offer useful insights to prevent spread of PRRSV and improve the efficacy of vaccines in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1618472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First WGS Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolated From a Case of Human Meningitis in Southern Italy","authors":"Giovanna Fusco,&nbsp;Saveria Dodaro,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Mauro,&nbsp;Francesca Greco,&nbsp;Lorella Barca,&nbsp;Rubina Paradiso,&nbsp;Antonio Limone,&nbsp;Maria Garzi Cosentino,&nbsp;Agata Campione,&nbsp;Giovanna De Luca,&nbsp;Bianca Cecere,&nbsp;Sonia Greco,&nbsp;Valeria Vangeli,&nbsp;Esterina De Carlo,&nbsp;Giorgia Borriello,&nbsp;Antonio Mastroianni","doi":"10.1155/2024/4529326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4529326","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study is the first report in Italy on the molecular characterization by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of a <i>Streptococcus suis</i> strain isolated from a human case of meningitis in Italy. The characterized <i>S. suis</i> strain was classified as a serotype 2 (SS2), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence type ST1. The strain exhibited the presence of several virulence genes and resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin. Finally, we found a frameshift mutation in the gene <i>mrp</i> determining the translation of two truncated forms of the corresponding muramidase-release protein. These results highlight the importance of complete genomic data to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this bacterium, capable to pose serious risks to human health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4529326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Respiratory Pathogens Circulate in Children and Adults in Communities Near Susceptible Wild Great Ape Populations in Uganda","authors":"Patrick Tusiime,&nbsp;Taylor Weary,&nbsp;Tressa Pappas,&nbsp;Shamilah Tuhaise,&nbsp;John Walter Akankwasa,&nbsp;Daniel Sempebwa,&nbsp;Emily Otali,&nbsp;Caroline Asiimwe,&nbsp;Matthew R. McLennan,&nbsp;Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka,&nbsp;Elizabeth Ross,&nbsp;James Gern,&nbsp;Tony Goldberg","doi":"10.1155/2024/1771163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1771163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Respiratory infections are a leading cause of death in developing countries. Infants and young children are especially susceptible to disease because they lack immunity, whereas adults who have acquired immunity can be infected asymptomatically. Great ape species, all of which are endangered, are similarly susceptible to respiratory illnesses caused by human respiratory pathogens. We obtained 432 nasopharyngeal swab samples (127 from adults and 305 from children) in a cross-sectional study that took place between February and October 2022 at four sites in Western Uganda (Budongo Central Forest Reserve, Bulindi Town Council, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, and Kibale National Park) where the participants live in communities where interaction with apes is frequent. Prior research at Kibale has shown that locally circulating human respiratory pathogens have led to multiple lethal outbreaks in wild eastern chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</i>). We used a multiplex PCR panel to characterize respiratory pathogens, with the goal of assessing whether respiratory illnesses in the chimpanzees of Budongo and Bulindi and the mountain gorillas (<i>Gorilla beringei beringei</i>) of Bwindi might have originated in local children and been introduced to the apes via asymptomatic adult carriers. The prevalence of respiratory pathogens was twice as high in Bwindi (44.0%) as it was in Budongo (24.0%) and Bulindi (20.8%), while the prevalence was intermediate at Kibale (34.4%). Rates of respiratory pathogen detection were higher but statistically indistinguishable in children compared to adults at Budongo and Bulindi, and children were 15.0 times more likely than adults to have positive detections at Kibale. At Bwindi, however, the pattern was reversed, with adults 2.6 times more likely than children to have positive detections. Rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus 3, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus OC43, all of which have been identified as causative agents of respiratory disease outbreaks in great ape populations across sub-Saharan Africa, accounted for three quarters (73.6%) of detected pathogens. Our data support the idea that human respiratory pathogens that can infect great apes occur at high frequencies in human populations in Western Uganda that live close to and interact with wild apes that have suffered from lethal outbreaks caused by these same pathogens. Reducing respiratory infections in local children, thereby reducing both carriage of those infections into the forest by people and ape exposure to these pathogens when they enter human spaces, should decrease the risk of respiratory disease outbreaks in apes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1771163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novel 2.3.4.4b H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Wild Birds in 2023 Posing a Potential Risk to Human Health","authors":"Yuting Xu,&nbsp;Jie Hu,&nbsp;Chenyao Zhao,&nbsp;Yue Yuan,&nbsp;Zijing Gao,&nbsp;Zhenghuan Wang,&nbsp;Kirill Sharshov,&nbsp;Guimei He","doi":"10.1155/2024/4900097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4900097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The highly pathogenic avian influenza 2.3.4.4b H5 viruses have been a cause for concern recently, as they have been responsible for continuous outbreaks since 2021. In China, the H5N6 subtype has been predominantly circulating in domestic poultry but has rarely been detected in wild birds over the past 3 years. In December 2023, novel reassortant 2.3.4.4b H5N6 viruses were resurgent in wild birds and domestic ducks in Eastern Asia. The viruses were reassorted with those of currently prevalent 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses of wild bird origin worldwide, as well as the H5N6 viruses that caused human infections in 2022 and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, such as the H9N2 virus, which also contributed internal gene to the novel H5N6 viruses. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, we inferred that this recombination process occurred in migratory breeding sites in early 2023. Given the rapid transmission and high mutation capacity of currently circulating H5N1 viruses, as well as the strong pathogenicity of H5N6 viruses to humans, the novel recombinant viruses may continue to evolve and pose new threats to human health. Therefore, continuous surveillance of H5N6 viruses in wild birds and domestic poultry should be strengthened.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4900097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Genome Characterization and Pathogenicity of a SC2020-1-Like PRRSV-1 Strain Emerging in Southwest China","authors":"Yuan-Meng Wang,&nbsp;Li-Shuang Deng,&nbsp;Bing-Zhou Huang,&nbsp;Han-Yu Li,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Duan,&nbsp;Yi-Xin Yan,&nbsp;Si-Yuan Lai,&nbsp;Yan-Ru Ai,&nbsp;Yuan-Cheng Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Qing,&nbsp;Zhi-Wen Xu,&nbsp;Ling Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5627927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5627927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), encompassing PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, significantly impacts the global pig industry by causing reproductive disorders and respiratory difficulties. In this paper, we isolated a novel PRRSV-1 strain, named SCPJ2023, from weaned piglets in Sichuan. Utilizing primary macrophages, we isolated SCPJ2023 and performed complete genome sequencing through metagenomic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis classified SCPJ2023 as pan-European subtype 1. SCPJ2023 showed a 95.3% similarity to SC2020-1. Amino acid analysis identified differences in Nsp2, GP3, and GP4 between SCPJ2023 and other representative strains. In vivo challenge experiments demonstrated that SCPJ2023 induced clinical symptoms in piglets, including coughing, fever, reduced appetite, and depression. Pathological examinations revealed hemorrhage and congestion, increased inflammatory cells, thickening of the alveolar wall, and collapse of the alveolar cavity in SCPJ2023-infected piglets. Altogether, our study identified a novel pathogenic isolate of PRRSV-1, expanding the newly named SC2020-1-like subgroup by identifying additional strains beyond the initial SC2020-1 isolate.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5627927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing E. coli Harboring blaOXA−1-catB3-arr-3 Genes Isolated From Dairy Farm Environment in China","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib,&nbsp;Minjia Tang,&nbsp;Furqan Awan,&nbsp;Amjad Islam Aqib,&nbsp;Ruochen Hao,&nbsp;Saad Ahmad,&nbsp;Shengyi Wang,&nbsp;Ruofeng Shang,&nbsp;Wanxia Pu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3526395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3526395","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Anthropogenic activities in the environment affect the ecosystem and can play an important role in selecting and spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs). The dairy farm environment may serve as a hotspot and reservoir for exchanging and spreading ARGs, but studies are scarce. Here, we investigated and characterized the extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains recovered from the dairy farm environment co-harboring <i>bla</i>_OXA−1, <i>catB3</i>, and <i>arr-3</i> genes. The isolates were identified and characterized by PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assay, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and multiple bioinformatics tools. Seven <i>E. coli</i> strains co-harboring <i>bla</i>_OXA−1, <i>catB3</i>, and <i>arr-3</i> genes were identified which belonged to distinct sequence types (STs) and carried diverse plasmid replicon types. The conjugation assay revealed a successful transfer of <i>bla</i>_OXA−1, <i>catB3</i>, and <i>arr-3</i> genes into the recipient <i>E. coli</i> J53 with a co-conjugation frequency ranging from (2.25 ± 0.3) × 10⁻⁴ to (3.85 ± 0.3) × 10⁻³. Bioinformatics analysis of WGS revealed the diversity of acquired ARGs, conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, phosphonic, phenicol, and rifamycin. The genetic environment analysis showed that <i>aac</i>(<i>6^′</i>)-<i>Ib-cr-bla</i>_OXA−1-<i>catB3-arr-3-qacE1-sul1</i> was the common genetic backbone among the seven <i>E. coli</i> strains. Among the mobile genetic elements, insertion sequences were the predominant elements as compared to transposons. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the <i>E. coli</i> of this study and other strains of human–animal-environment origin retrieved from the NCBI database. This study presented the whole genome-based characterization of <i>E. coli</i> strains carrying the <i>bla</i>_OXA−1-<i>catB3-arr-3</i> genes. It provided evidence that the dairy environment may harbor a variety of ARGs and act as a potential reservoir for their spread in the ecosystem. The results recommend the routine surveillance of ARGs carrying bacteria in dairy environments and the need for additional studies to understand the dissemination mechanism within One Health perspective to prevent their further spread.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3526395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid-Mediated Co-Occurrence of mcr-1.1 in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From the Indigenous Seminomadic Community in Malaysia","authors":"Polly Soo Xi Yap,&nbsp;Li-Fang Yeo,&nbsp;Cindy Shuan Ju Teh,&nbsp;Amreeta Dhanoa,&nbsp;Maude Elvira Phipps","doi":"10.1155/2024/9223696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9223696","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The growing prevalence of commensal antibiotic resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> poses a significant concern for the global spread of antibiotic resistance. Stool samples (<i>n</i> = 35) from a seminomadic indigenous community in Malaysia, the Jehai, were screened for multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically the extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Subsequently, whole-genome sequencing was used to provide genomic insights into eight ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> that colonised eight individuals. The ESBL <i>E. coli</i> isolates carry resistance genes from various antibiotic classes such as the <i>β</i>-lactams (<i>bla</i>_TEM, <i>bla</i>_CTX-M−15 and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M−55), quinolones (<i>gyrA</i>, <i>qnrS</i> and <i>qnrS1</i>) and aminoglycosides (<i>aph</i>(<i>3′</i>)<i>-Ia</i>, <i>aph</i>(<i>6</i>)<i>-Id</i> and <i>aac</i>(<i>3</i>)<i>-IId</i>). Three concerning convergence of ESBL, colistin and metal resistance determinants, with three plasmids from H-type lineage harbouring <i>bla</i>_CTX-M and <i>mcr-1.1</i> genes were identified. Using the Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) Native Barcoding Kit (SQK-NBD114.24) in conjunction with the R10.4.1 flow cell, which achieved an average read accuracy (<i>Q</i> &gt; 10) of 99.84%, we further characterised the <i>mcr-1.1</i>-bearing plasmids, ranging in size from 25 to 28 kb, from three strains of <i>E. coli</i>. This report represents the first whole genome analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically those resistant to colistin, found within the indigenous population in Malaysia. It strongly indicates that the pertinent issue of colistin resistance in the country is far more significant than previously estimated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9223696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}