Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Migratory Wave due to Conflicts: Risk of Increased Infection From Zoonotic Diseases”","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9868493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9868493","url":null,"abstract":"<p>S. S. Tazerji, P. M. Duarte, R. Gharieb, et al., “Migratory Wave due to Conflicts: Risk of Increased Infection From Zoonotic Diseases,” <i>Transboundary and Emerging Diseases</i> 2025, no. 1 (2025): 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5571316.</p><p>In the article titled “Migratory Wave due to Conflicts: Risk of Increased Infection From Zoonotic Diseases,” there was a spelling error in author Sina Montajeb’s name in the author list, where Sina Montajeb should have read Sina Montajab and affiliated to Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran which is incorrect.</p><p>The correct affiliation for this author is:</p><p><i>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Science</i>, <i>Shahid Bahonar University</i>, <i>Kerman</i>, <i>Iran</i></p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9868493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Histological Identification of Bovine Papillomavirus 1, 2 and a Novel Genotype in Cutaneous Papillomas of Dairy Cattle in Taiwan","authors":"Guan-Shiun Chen,&nbsp;Hue-Ying Chiou,&nbsp;Yen-Chen Chang,&nbsp;Hao-Ping Liu,&nbsp;Yu-I Pan,&nbsp;Ming-Yun Chan,&nbsp;Tsung-Ching Liu,&nbsp;Ming-Yuan Chia,&nbsp;Chienjin Huang,&nbsp;Jacky Peng-Wen Chan,&nbsp;Chia-Yu Chang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5586786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5586786","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are host-specific and strongly epitheliotropic infectious agents that cause benign epithelial and mucosal proliferations, with potential for malignant transformation. However, BPV1, BPV2, and BPV5 are unique in their ability to infect both epithelial and connective tissues. While BPV infections had been documented globally, there was no disease information reported from Taiwan. To investigate whether BPVs are associated with the development of cutaneous papillomas in dairy cattle in Taiwan, in the present study, eight cutaneous papilloma samples from six dairy farms were collected and analyzed by using histopathology, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and molecular biology methods. BPV1 and BPV2 were identified, along with a novel BPV sharing 80.9% sequence identity with BPV38. This novel BPV, classified under <i>Xipapillomavirus</i>, was detected in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells through in situ hybridization (ISH), suggesting a broader tissue tropism than typical <i>Xipapillomavirus</i> infections. These findings provide new insights into BPV diversity and pathogenesis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5586786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ticks From Mink and Their Associated Microorganisms in Spain","authors":"Ana M. Palomar,&nbsp;Aránzazu Portillo,&nbsp;Asunción Gómez,&nbsp;Madis Põdra,&nbsp;Paula Santibáñez,&nbsp;Cristina Cervera-Acedo,&nbsp;Sonia Santibáñez,&nbsp;Elena López,&nbsp;Manena Fayos,&nbsp;José A. Oteo","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9995586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9995586","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wildlife is an important source of emerging zoonotic agents, including tick-borne ones. Wild carnivores such as mink are commonly parasitized by ticks, which are vectors and reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. Besides the importance of these arthropods as potential sources of diseases in mink, and the role of these mammals as reservoirs of infectious diseases, scarce studies of microorganisms of ticks from mink have been performed. In the present work, ticks collected from mink (European mink [<i>Mustela lutreola</i>] and American mink [<i>Neogale vison</i>]) from 2007 to 2021 in the North of Spain, and their associated microorganisms (bacteria, protozoan, and viruses), were studied. A total of 916 specimens (154 <i>Ixodes acuminatus</i>, 761 <i>Ixodes hexagonus</i>, and one <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> sensu lato) were processed in 165 pools (31 <i>I. acuminatus</i>, 133 <i>I. hexagonus</i>, and one <i>R. sanguineus</i> s.l.). The microorganisms detected in <i>I. acuminatus</i> pools were <i>Ehrlichia</i> sp. (8), <i>Neoehrlichia mikurensis</i> (4), <i>Coxiella</i> spp. (23), <i>Rickettsiella</i> spp. (7), and <i>Ixovirus</i> spp. (3). In <i>I. hexagonus</i> pools, <i>Coxiella</i> spp. (131), <i>Rickettsiella</i> spp. (5), <i>Hepatozoon martis</i> (5), and <i>Ixovirus</i> spp. (6) were amplified. Infection with <i>Coxiella</i> spp. was found in the <i>R. sanguineus</i> s.l. specimen. Mink are involved in the epidemiology of tick-borne microorganisms, including important pathogens. The role of these tick species as vectors and mink as reservoirs of these microorganisms should be further investigated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9995586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Detection of West Nile Virus (WNV) Lineage 2 in Mosquitoes in the Republic of Kosovo","authors":"Ina Hoxha,&nbsp;Betim Xhekaj,&nbsp;Nesade Muja-Bajraktari,&nbsp;Karin Sekulin,&nbsp;Maria S. Unterköfler,&nbsp;Lisa Schlamadinger,&nbsp;Tanto Situmorang,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Fuehrer,&nbsp;Adelheid G. Obwaller,&nbsp;Jeremy V. Camp,&nbsp;Julia Walochnik,&nbsp;Kurtesh Sherifi,&nbsp;Edwin Kniha","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3208806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3208806","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>West Nile virus (WNV, family <i>Flaviviridae</i>) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus affecting humans. It circulates between wild birds and mosquitoes, while humans and horses are dead-end hosts. In recent years, several outbreaks have been reported from European countries, including the Balkan Peninsula. In the Republic of Kosovo, a southern Balkan country, data on WNV are scarce, and neither mosquito monitoring nor WNV surveillance is established. To address this gap, we aimed to assess a first monitoring approach that should set the basis and support future large-scale activities in the country. Mosquito sampling was performed from May to September 2022 in a peri-urban area in the western part of the capital city Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo. Collected mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and total nucleic acid was extracted. A WNV-DENV-ZIKV-specific multiplex RT-qPCR was applied, and WNV-positive samples were confirmed by RT-PCR and whole-genome sequencing. Of 44 screened pools, one pool molecularly identified as <i>Culex pipiens</i> f. <i>pipiens</i> was positive for WNV RNA. Subsequent sequencing revealed WNV lineage 2, and phylogenetic analysis included our sample in a monophyletic clade consisting mostly of sequences from southeastern Europe. This finding represents the first detection of WNV in mosquitoes in Kosovo, and provides crucial baseline data for future vector-borne disease monitoring, and control efforts in Kosovo.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3208806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation Strategies for African Swine Fever Virus Biosecurity: From Virus Inactivation to Pig Health","authors":"Joshua A. Jackman,&nbsp;Bo Kyeong Yoon,&nbsp;Charles C. Elrod","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7162567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/7162567","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a major global threat affecting pork production and strengthening biosecurity practices is an urgent priority, especially given the paucity of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs. Mitigation strategies focused on virus inactivation play an important role in controlling ASFV and there is growing recognition that multipronged mitigation strategies can not only achieve rapid decontamination of ASFV-exposed materials in different environmental settings but also support pig health by minimizing disease symptoms and preventing lateral transmission. Herein, we critically analyze the latest progress in developing thermal, chemical, and physical strategies to stop ASFV based on heat treatment, chemically reactive disinfectants, and physically disruptive mitigants. Our focus is on introducing ASFV-specific data that supports the use of different mitigation strategies in particular contexts and analyzing the corresponding inactivation mechanisms behind each strategy. In closing, we also discuss emerging innovation possibilities in the ASFV mitigation testing space and provide a forward-looking viewpoint of outstanding scientific questions and future research needs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7162567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Economic Losses in Commercial Chicken Farms During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned for Future Pandemic","authors":"Md Zulqarnine Ibne Noman,&nbsp;A. K. M. Dawlat Khan,&nbsp;Md Mehedi Hasan,&nbsp;Emama Amin,&nbsp;Md Arif Khan,&nbsp;Nabila Nujhat Chowdhury,&nbsp;Mohammed Mahmudul Hassan,&nbsp;Suman Das Gupta,&nbsp;Tahmina Shirin,&nbsp;Shusmita Dutta Choudhury,&nbsp;Ariful Islam","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4935897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4935897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on various economic sectors, including poultry production and trading in Bangladesh. We aimed to estimate the total economic losses and determine the causes behind these losses in commercial chicken farms during the COVID-19 in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study using both qualitative and quantitative approaches across six districts from September to December 2021. The data collection involved semi-structured questionnaire interviews with 220 commercial poultry farmers and conducting in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 20 farm owners. We employed stepwise regression analysis to determine the optimal model for forecasting the average losses per farm caused by COVID-19. This model was built using the average reduced egg price, reduced bird price, and increased feed price of each individual farm. These averages were then used to predict the average farm loss, which was subsequently extrapolated to determine the total national loss. We estimated that the national loss in the small and medium-scale poultry sector during the COVID-19 lockdown amounted to 98.5 million USD, with the model predicting an average economic loss of $1407.6 per commercial farm. The majority (90%) of farmers experienced losses during this period. Majority of broiler (83.54%) and layer (80.65%) farmers, and approximately half of the Sonali farmers (54.10%) had to change their trading patterns or supply chains. After the pandemic period, about 33.33% of broilers, 31.03% of layer, and 45.90% of Sonali farmers managed to recover their losses. The poultry farmers encountered numerous challenges that impeded their ability to sell birds. These challenges resulted from transportation restrictions, widespread rumors leading to a sharp decline in demand, and significant losses from reduced egg and live bird prices. Consequently, some farmers were forced to close their farms, while others adapted by changing their trading patterns. To cope with the financial strain, some farmers resorted to obtaining loans from financial organizations, or seeking help from relatives, and a fortunate few received incentives from the government. Farmers suggested price monitoring, trainings, low-interest loans, and government incentives. Additionally, the formation of farmer’s associations, exempting poultry from restrictions and lockdown, raising mass awareness, and including farmers’ representatives in pandemic preparedness teams are deemed essential measures to safeguard the economic interests in any future pandemic crises. The marginal and small-scale poultry sectors in Bangladesh were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown, with many farmers still struggling in recuperating their financial losses. It is imperative for the government to aids these farmers to support their contributions to protein supply and poverty alleviation in the community.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4935897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy Profiles of the Live Attenuated Vaccine AVAC ASF LIVE for Preventing African Swine Fever in Pigs","authors":"Nguyen Van Diep,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Ngoc,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Duc,&nbsp;Vu Xuan Dang,&nbsp;Tran Ngoc Tiep,&nbsp;Chu Thi Quy,&nbsp;Bui Thi Tham,&nbsp;Pham Ngoc Doanh","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8623876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8623876","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the global pig industry. Therefore, the development of safe and effective vaccines is crucial in combating the virus. The AVAC ASF LIVE vaccine, produced from an attenuated genotype II ASF virus (ASFV) strain with the deletion of six MGF genes and cultured in a Diep’s macrophage (DMAC) cell line, has been officially licensed for use and commercialization in Vietnam. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the AVAC ASF LIVE vaccine. In the safety experiment, pigs received a dose equivalent to 100 times the protective dose. In the efficacy experiment, control pigs and one-dose vaccinated pigs were challenged with a highly virulent p72 genotype II ASFV on day 28 post-vaccination. The duration of protective immunity was assessed by challenging pigs at various time points, from 2 weeks up to 6 months post-vaccination. Results showed that pigs given the 100-fold protective dose remained healthy with no abnormal signs. Significantly, 60% of vaccinated pigs survived the challenge 14 days after vaccination, and the survival rates reached 100% when challenged at 28, 90, 120, and 150 days post-vaccination (dpv). The vaccine effectively induced robust immunity, leading to a reduction in viral shedding and the persistence of viral DNA in vaccinated animals. In conclusion, the AVAC ASF LIVE vaccine has demonstrated safety and high efficacy in protecting pigs from genotype II ASFV infection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8623876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of Microvariants of African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II in the Asia–Pacific","authors":"James O’Dwyer,&nbsp;Hung Vo Van,&nbsp;Nguyen Thanh Phuong,&nbsp;Patrick Mileto,&nbsp;Orlando Mercado,&nbsp;Felisiano da Conceição,&nbsp;Joanita Bendita da Costa Jong,&nbsp;Ilagi Puana,&nbsp;Matthew J. Neave,&nbsp;David T. Williams","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9990044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9990044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly stable DNA virus showing little genetic variation among genomes. This genetic stability has often posed challenges in tracking variants and identifying potential transmission chains as ASFV spreads into new regions. While mutations within individual sequenced genes are infrequent, the application of whole-genome sequencing enables the identification of neutral and functional mutations across the entire genome, contributing to a deeper understanding of ASFV evolution and epidemiology. In this study, we sequenced whole genomes from 25 ASFV positive samples collected from Vietnam, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea (PNG). We classified mutations across ASFV genes and non-coding regions, while identifying mutations that may act as candidates for geographic-based population genetic structuring. Overall, ASFV samples showed &gt;99.8% genetic similarity to the Georgia 2007 isolate reference genome. Nonetheless, emergent genetic clusters rooted in geographic location were apparent. Multiple nonsynonymous mutations were found in sequenced genomes, often unique to ASFV collected within only one studied country. Of the observed mutations, four were found within genes of known function (<i>E199L</i>, <i>CP80R</i>, <i>B962L</i> and <i>B602L</i>), with the latter (<i>B602L</i>) being a novel mutation within a known targeted marker gene for conventional genotyping of the virus. This work highlights the benefits of incorporating whole-genome sequencing into ongoing ASFV surveillance to better reflect the natural population genetic structuring within the species as it has spread across the Asia–Pacific region. Additionally, this work highlights the value of whole-genome sequencing as a tool for actively monitoring emergent variants displaying functional divergence in key genes associated with ASFV proliferation and host selection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9990044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Presence and Genetic Variability of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Live Markets in Border Cities of Northeast China","authors":"Fanqi Sun,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Shubo Li,&nbsp;Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5526645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5526645","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bordering cities and farms serve as potential hotspots for the transboundary spread of animal infectious agents. This study aimed to investigate the presence and genetic variability of porcine circovirus types 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) in live markets across six border cities (Dandong, Ji’an, Hunchun, Mishan, Fuyuan, and Heihe) in northeast China. Samples from pork (<i>n</i> = 44), cutting boards (<i>n</i> = 46), and meat stall floors (<i>n</i> = 42) were collected in 46 meat stalls. Quantitative PCR analysis detected PCV2 in 75.0% (95% CI: 59.7%−86.8%) of pork samples, 73.9% (95% CI: 58.9%−85.7%) of cutting board swabs, and 64.3% (95% CI: 48.0%−78.4%) of meat stall floor swabs. For PCV3, the detection rates in pork, cutting board swabs, and meat stall floor swabs were 31.8% (95% CI: 18.6%−47.6%), 67.4% (95% CI: 52.0%−80.5%), and 54.7% (95% CI: 38.7%−70.2%), respectively. Subsequent sequencing of positive samples identified five open reading frame (ORF)2 sequences of PCV2 from markets in Dandong, Fuyuan, and Hunchun, with one sequence from Dandong shared 99.4% homology with a Russia sequence. Similarly, five ORF2 sequences of PCV3 were obtained from samples in Hunchun, Heihe, and Ji’an, including a sequence from Hunchun showing 99.6% homology to a sequence from a pig farm in Changchun in Jilin Province. These findings suggest that border market pork trade may contribute to the introduction and dissemination of PCV2 and PCV3. The observed genetic similarities highlight potential transboundary transmission routes, emphasizing the need for active surveillance and control measures to mitigate the risks associated with the transboundary transmission of emerging swine pathogens.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5526645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife Pathogens and Zoonotic Disease Risk Assessment in Vietnam: A Wildlife Trade Hotspot","authors":"Alice Latinne,&nbsp;Pawin Padungtod","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4926262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4926262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Vietnam is a wildlife trade hotspot presenting multiple high-risk interfaces for pathogen spillover from wildlife to humans. However, the zoonotic disease risk remains poorly characterized in the country and needs to be assessed to better inform policy dialog and legislative reforms. A literature review was conducted to create a pathogen inventory of terrestrial vertebrates in Vietnam. Additionally, data from an existing global database were used to estimate the number of zoonotic pathogens found in different families. The literature review yielded 87 eligible records. A total of 162 pathogen species, including 22 parasites, 48 bacteria, two fungi, eight protozoans, and 82 viruses, were recorded in Vietnam in 46 families of terrestrial vertebrates belonging to four classes and 18 orders. The highest number of pathogens was observed in Muridae (rats and mice), followed by Pythonidae (pythons) and Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys). A total of 12 out of 29 priority zoonoses in Vietnam were reported in 27 terrestrial wildlife host families. Zoonotic pathogens were reported at 11 human–wildlife interfaces. Most detections of priority zoonotic pathogens were made in free-ranging animals as well as in wildlife farms and primate facilities. A risk assessment, based on the number of zoonotic pathogens found, suggested that facilities with a very high risk of zoonotic spillover include bushmeat markets in cities and town, wildlife farms, restaurants and rescue centers engaged in trading, housing and breeding birds belonging to the Columbidae, Phasianidae, Ardeidae families, and mammals belonging to the Cervidae, Suidae, Felidae, Ursidae, Mustelidae, Cercopithecidae, Muridae, and Sciuridae families. These supply chain nodes where wildlife families are in contact with human populations should be strictly regulated and monitored, with stricter biosecurity measures. Breeding of several species belonging to high-risk and medium-risk wildlife families together in the same captive facility should be banned to reduce the risk of pathogen-host jumps.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4926262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}