Safety and Efficacy Profiles of the Live Attenuated Vaccine AVAC ASF LIVE for Preventing African Swine Fever in Pigs

IF 3 2区农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI:10.1155/tbed/8623876

Nguyen Van Diep, Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Nguyen Van Duc, Vu Xuan Dang, Tran Ngoc Tiep, Chu Thi Quy, Bui Thi Tham, Pham Ngoc Doanh

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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the global pig industry. Therefore, the development of safe and effective vaccines is crucial in combating the virus. The AVAC ASF LIVE vaccine, produced from an attenuated genotype II ASF virus (ASFV) strain with the deletion of six MGF genes and cultured in a Diep’s macrophage (DMAC) cell line, has been officially licensed for use and commercialization in Vietnam. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the AVAC ASF LIVE vaccine. In the safety experiment, pigs received a dose equivalent to 100 times the protective dose. In the efficacy experiment, control pigs and one-dose vaccinated pigs were challenged with a highly virulent p72 genotype II ASFV on day 28 post-vaccination. The duration of protective immunity was assessed by challenging pigs at various time points, from 2 weeks up to 6 months post-vaccination. Results showed that pigs given the 100-fold protective dose remained healthy with no abnormal signs. Significantly, 60% of vaccinated pigs survived the challenge 14 days after vaccination, and the survival rates reached 100% when challenged at 28, 90, 120, and 150 days post-vaccination (dpv). The vaccine effectively induced robust immunity, leading to a reduction in viral shedding and the persistence of viral DNA in vaccinated animals. In conclusion, the AVAC ASF LIVE vaccine has demonstrated safety and high efficacy in protecting pigs from genotype II ASFV infection.

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猪预防非洲猪瘟减毒活疫苗AVAC ASF Live的安全性和有效性分析

非洲猪瘟（ASF）是影响全球养猪业的最具破坏性的疾病之一。因此，研制安全有效的疫苗对于抗击该病毒至关重要。AVAC ASF LIVE疫苗是由一种减毒基因型ASF病毒（ASFV）毒株生产的，该毒株缺失了6个MGF基因，并在Diep巨噬细胞（DMAC）细胞系中培养，该疫苗已在越南正式获得使用和商业化许可。本研究评价了AVAC非洲猪瘟活疫苗的安全性和有效性。在安全实验中，猪接受了相当于保护剂量100倍的剂量。在效力实验中，在接种后第28天，用高毒力p72基因型ⅱ型ASFV攻毒对照猪和单剂量接种猪。在接种疫苗后2周到6个月的不同时间点，通过挑战猪来评估保护性免疫的持续时间。结果表明，给予100倍保护剂量的猪保持健康，无异常体征。值得注意的是，60%的接种猪在接种后14天存活，在接种后28、90、120和150天（dpv）的攻毒存活率达到100%。该疫苗有效地诱导了强大的免疫力，导致接种动物体内病毒脱落减少和病毒DNA的持久性。综上所述，AVAC ASF LIVE疫苗在保护猪免受基因型ASFV感染方面具有安全性和高有效性。

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来源期刊

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

9.30%

发文量

350

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.