Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of a Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain Isolated in Zhejiang Province, China","authors":"Ya-Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Wang,&nbsp;Weiqun Wei,&nbsp;Wan Lu,&nbsp;En-Zhong Du,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yong-Le Yang,&nbsp;Yao-Wei Huang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4084814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4084814","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has emerged as a significant pathogen in swine, affecting animal health and posing potential risks for cross-species transmission. In this study, we successfully isolated a PDCoV strain named HZYH-2019 from the feces of diarrheal sows in Zhejiang Province, China. The viral growth curve demonstrated strong adaptation of this strain to cells, with particularly high replication efficiency observed in LLC-PK1 cells. Genomic analysis revealed a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity between PDCoV HZYH-2019 and other PDCoV strains. A notable mutation at the tenth amino acid position of the spike protein altered the predicted signal peptide position. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that PDCoV HZYH-2019 clustered with Chinese strains, while four Chinese strains were grouped within the American spectrum, suggesting that the pork trade may facilitate cross-border virus transmission. Analysis of known PDCoV strains inferred that PDCoV may have originated in Asia and that there is cross-species transmission from birds to mammals. Notably, PDCoV HZYH-2019 caused diarrhea in piglets without mortality, although significant intestinal lesions were observed. These findings enhance our understanding of PDCoV’s biological behavior and zoonotic potential, informing the development of effective vaccines and control measures to manage future outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4084814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Nonpathogenic Avibacterium paragallinarum in Naïve-Healthy Layer Flocks Across Multiple States in the United States","authors":"Mostafa M. S. Shelkamy,&nbsp;Amro Hashish,&nbsp;Mariela E. Srednik,&nbsp;Maria Chaves,&nbsp;Nubia R. Macedo,&nbsp;Eman Gadu,&nbsp;Stephan Schmitz-Esser,&nbsp;Qijing Zhang,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Yuko Sato,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Gazzar","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9994679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9994679","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Infectious coryza (IC) caused by <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum</i> (AP) is an emerging infectious respiratory disease in the commercial chicken layer industry in the Midwestern US states. Outbreak investigations around positive index cases led to the discovery of nonpathogenic AP (npAP), which caused quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) positive results in naïve-healthy layer (NHL) flocks. Therefore, the reliability of positive qPCR as confirmed diagnosis of IC became questionable and the poultry industry was deprived from an essential diagnostic tool in the face of an actively spreading outbreak. However, the prevalence of npAP in NHL flocks and the magnitude of this diagnostic challenge remained unclear. This pilot surveillance study aims to provide an initial estimate of npAP prevalence in the US commercial layer industry. Two differential qPCR assays were recently developed to differentiate pathogenic AP (pAP) and npAP. A total of 710 oropharyngeal (OP) swab pools (5 swabs/pool) were collected from 80 NHL sites across 13 US states and tested using qPCR assay targeting the <i>recN</i> gene as a screening test. Two hundred thirty-one out of 710 total pools were positive for npAP (32.5%) representing 28 positive sites out of the 80 total sites (35%). All positive qPCR samples from NHL flocks were confirmed to be due npAP. The differential qPCR was capable of confirming 85.71% of the npAP cases, while the remaining cases required further isolation and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In conclusion, this pilot study indicates that the prevalence of npAP in NHL flocks in the United States is above 30%. Therefore, in flocks with no clinical signs, qPCR assays cannot be relied upon for IC diagnostic confirmation. Currently, isolation combined with WGS is the only diagnostic tool capable of completely differentiating between these two AP populations, which indicates the immediate need for improvements in the available diagnostic assays.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9994679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Novel Reassortant Mammalian Orthoreoviruses From Sheep, China","authors":"Xia Li,&nbsp;Xuhang Cai,&nbsp;Yi He,&nbsp;Wenliang Li,&nbsp;Junjun Zhai,&nbsp;Runbo Luo,&nbsp;Sizhu Suolang,&nbsp;Li Mao,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6025244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6025244","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) have a wide geographic distribution worldwide and have been detected from humans and a variety of animal species. This study represents the first isolation of MRV from sheep rectal swabs in China, with analyses of its molecular and pathogenicity characteristics. MRV-positive samples were inoculated into Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, resulting in stable cytopathic effects (CPEs) after three generations of blind passage. Two isolates were isolated and confirmed as MRV, named MRV-XJ23 and MRV-sheep/SY13, through reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), transmission electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The viruses exhibited broad cellular tropism. Whole-genome sequences were obtained and subjected to homology and evolutionary analyses, revealing that MRV-XJ23 and MRV-sheep/SY13 belong to the MRV-1 serotype. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that MRV-XJ23 is a reassortant virus containing gene segments from three MRVs that infected humans, bovines, and bats, with nucleotide homology exceeding 94.56%. The gene segments of MRV-sheep/SY13 were derived from five strains—Osaka2005, BatMRV-2/SNU1/Korea/2021, T1/human/Netherlands/1/84, IND/MZ/3013814/reo, and B/03—with nucleotide homology exceeding 95.47%. Animal experiments demonstrated that MRV-sheep/SY13 infection induced significant pathological changes in the respiratory and digestive tracts of mice. In sheep, MRV-sheep/SY13 caused respiratory infections, but no obvious lesion was observed from the digestive tract. This study expands our understanding of the MRV host range, reveals the potential public health risk of MRV transmission across species and zoonotic transmission, and underscores the necessity of further studies on epidemiology, reassortment patterns, and pathogenicity of MRV in sheep and domestic animals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6025244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Analysis of Small Ruminant Movements in Uganda: Implications for Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases","authors":"Joseph Nkamwesiga,&nbsp;Karla Rascón-García,&nbsp;Paul Lumu,&nbsp;Henry Kiara,&nbsp;Andres Perez,&nbsp;Dennis Muhanguzi,&nbsp;Kristina Roesel","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7474495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/7474495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Domestic animals are moved for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the animal and the farmer. Some examples include the need for fresh grazing grounds and watering points, or the need to access livestock markets for income to sustain farmers’ livelihoods. However, livestock mobility is a key risk factor for the transmission of transboundary animal diseases. Contact tracing of individual animals and flocks is very challenging, especially in most low-income countries, due to a lack of efficient livestock traceability systems. Despite these challenges, low-income countries, such as Uganda, issue paper-based animal movement permits (AMPs) to ensure only clinically healthy animals are moved following a physical inspection. In this study, we used national approximately 9 years of (2012–2020) small ruminant movement data obtained from archived AMPs in Uganda to describe small ruminant movement networks. The movement networks were described using social network analysis (SNA) approaches implemented in R software to identify and visualize relationships between individual and groups districts in Uganda. Lira, Kaberamaido, Nabilatuk, Mbarara, Kiruhura, Kampala, and Wakiso were identified as districts with the highest degree (in and out-degree) and betweenness among other centrality measures. Our results suggest these districts could be the most important bridges connecting the various regions of the country. Tailoring control interventions to such districts with high incoming and high outgoing shipments, or bridges, would accelerate the nation’s ability to timely detect outbreaks, prevent or mitigate further spread, and contain diseases in their original foci, respectively. We also identified areas for active surveillance, vaccination, quarantine, and biosecurity measures-staging depending on prevailing circumstances. These findings will be used to guide the national small ruminant infectious diseases control strategies and subsequently contribute to national and global initiatives, such as the 2030 Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) eradication program.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7474495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant PRV Expressing GP3 and GP5 of PRRSV Provides Effective Protection Against Coinfection With PRV and PRRSV","authors":"Ruhai Guo,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Junda Li,&nbsp;Jahao Qv,&nbsp;Guofan Ren,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Saba Nasir,&nbsp;Jingnan Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Luo,&nbsp;Basit Zeshan,&nbsp;Yefei Zhou,&nbsp;Honglin Xie,&nbsp;Xinglong Wang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4612568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4612568","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and Pseudorabies (PR) are highly contagious diseases caused by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Pseudorabies virus (PRV). Due to the limited protective ability of currently commercialized vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV and PRV variants, the pathological damage caused by coinfection of these two viruses has a significant impact on China’s pig farming industry. In this study, six recombinant PRV stains with TK and gI/gE deletions and fused expression of GM-CSF and GP3 and GP5 proteins from NADC30-Like PRRSV were constructed by using the HDR-CRISPR/Cas9^D10A system. After assessing growth characteristics and genetic stability, four strains demonstrating stable proliferation and expression of the GM-CSF, GP3, GP5 fusion protein in BHK-21 cells were selected. Evaluation of their ability to induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice led to the selection of two strains with superior immunogenic effects: rPRV-ΔTK-GP3-GP5-eGFP-ΔgI/gE-mCHERRY-B and rPRV-ΔTK-eGFP-ΔgI/gE-GP3-GP5-mCHERRY-B. These strains were found to enhance NADC30-like PRRSV and PRV-specific immune responses in piglets, reduce pathological damage, and accelerate symptom resolution. In general, PRV is a promising viral vector for expressing PRRSV genes, and the data from this study provides references for new candidate vaccines against PRRSV.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4612568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epitope Mapping of Senecavirus A 3A Protein Using Monoclonal Antibodies","authors":"Liang Meng,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Tian,&nbsp;Xu-Yan Xiang,&nbsp;Xin-Yu Qi,&nbsp;Han-Rong Zhou,&nbsp;Pei-Yu Xiao,&nbsp;Tong-Qing An,&nbsp;Fan-Dan Meng,&nbsp;Hai-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3398924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3398924","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Senecavirus A</i> (SVA), an emerging pathogen causing vesicular disease in pigs, poses a significant threat to the swine industry. The nonstructural protein 3A of SVA plays an essential role in the viral replication cycle. In this study, we immunized mice with the prepared SVA 3A protein and produced two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), AG4 and 2F3. MAb AG4 showed specific reactivity to the linear and conformational 3A protein, whereas mAb 2F3 did not recognize linear epitope of 3A protein. Through truncated 3A protein expression and alanine mutation analysis, we identified ¹SPNEND⁶ as the minimal motif recognized by mAb AG4, with Asn³ being the critical residue. Additionally, we demonstrated that mAb 2F3 failed to recognize the SVA mutant with the ⁷⁵QEETEG⁸⁰ deletion in 3A protein, indicating that ⁷⁵QEETEG⁸⁰ constitutes an essential epitope for mAb 2F3. Further deletion analysis confirmed that ⁷⁵QE⁷⁶ is the crucial motif for mAb 2F3 recognition. Moreover, we found that ¹SPNEND⁶ and ⁷⁵QEETEG⁸⁰ are highly conserved among different SVA strains and are exposed on the surface of the 3A protein. This study contributes to further explore the function of SVA 3A protein and develop diagnostic tools for SVA detection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3398924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections in Slaughtered Camels and Abattoir Workers in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Mohamud Sheek-Hussein,&nbsp;Aboma Zewude,&nbsp;Aminu S. Abdullahi,&nbsp;Jamila Al Neyadi,&nbsp;Babiker Osman,&nbsp;Amir Abdullah Hassen,&nbsp;Hassan Zackaria Ali Ishag,&nbsp;Abraham Nii Okai Commey,&nbsp;Mohamed Saleh A. L. Breiki,&nbsp;Asma Abdi Mohamed Shah,&nbsp;Mervat Mari Al Nuaimat,&nbsp;Kaltham Kayaf,&nbsp;Mohamed Elfatih Hamad,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Alsuwaidi,&nbsp;Robert Barigye,&nbsp;Balázs Ádám,&nbsp;Gobena Ameni","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3409106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3409106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV) and is characterized by the sudden onset of high fever and hemorrhagic manifestations. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-CCHFV antibodies in dromedary camels and workers at the Al Bawadi abattoir in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In addition, the camels and human subjects were screened for CCHFV RNA, and the knowledge level of abattoir workers regarding CCHF zoonosis was assessed. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and June 2023 at the Al-Bawadi abattoir in Al Ain with 393 camels and 86 abattoir workers. Anti-CCHFV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was tested in camel sera using a multispecies indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera of abattoir workers were tested for anti-CCHFV IgG antibody using a human CCHFV ELISA kit. Camel and human serum samples were tested by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect CCHFV RNA. A questionnaire survey was used to evaluate abattoir workers’ knowledge of the risk of zoonosis of CCHF. The seroprevalence of anti-CCHFV antibodies in camels slaughtered at the Al-Bawadi Abattoir was 65.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.4%–70%). However, the RNA prevalence was only 1% (4/393), with cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 34.58 to 38.21. The seroprevalence of anti-CCHFV antibodies in abattoir workers was 29.1% (95% CI: 20.3%–40.4%), but none of the abattoir workers tested positive by RT-qPCR. Seropositive abattoir workers had a longer duration of working in the abattoir (median = 10 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 6.0–14.0) than seronegative abattoir workers (median = 7.5 years; IQR: 5.0–14.0) although the difference was not significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Most abattoir workers (73%) knew that CCHF is zoonotic. The seroprevalence of anti-CCHFV antibodies was high in both camels and abattoir workers at the Al-Bawadi Abattoir, and viral RNA was detected in four camels. Hence, active surveillance and reinforcement of control measures are recommended.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3409106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Time-Dependent Predictors for the International Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5NX: Focus on Trade and Surveillance Efforts","authors":"Lina Awada,&nbsp;Bram Vrancken,&nbsp;Julien Thézé,&nbsp;Christian Ducrot,&nbsp;Paolo Tizzani,&nbsp;Simon Dellicour,&nbsp;Alice Fusaro,&nbsp;Karine Chalvet-Monfray","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2020766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2020766","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The multiple waves of intercontinental transmission of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx Gs/GD lineage since its identification in 1996 are testament to its resistance to control and prevention efforts. Knowledge of the predictors of HPAI international spread can help identify strengths as well as areas for improvement in surveillance and controlling HPAI. We used 10 years of data with quarterly granularity from the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), United Nations (UN), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and genetic databases for 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b H5Nx clades, to determine the impact on international viral spread of (1) six categories of poultry commodities of legal international trade, (2) wild birds’ migration, (3) five types of preventive measures, (4) resources allocated to veterinary services, and (5) geographic distance between countries. Two analytical approaches were used: a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) for all targeted countries, based on epidemiological, trade, and bird migration data. Then, phylogeography-informed generalized linear models (GLMs) with time-dependent predictors were specified for analyzing the HPAI spread between countries with available genetic data. The main conclusions of this study are that results suggested (1) a role of poultry trade in disease spread; (2) a role of migratory birds in disease spread; (3) a strong role of proximity between countries in disease spread; (4) a protective effect for resources allocated to veterinary services; and (5) a protective effect for precautions at borders in exposed countries (protective against informal trade). Our findings show the importance of proper implementation of preventive measures, as advocated in WOAH standards. In addition, our results show the complementarity of epidemiological, trade, biological, and genetic data to trace back international H5NX spread.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2020766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Genetic Basis of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Its Connection to Classical Swine Fever Spread","authors":"Rie Saito,&nbsp;Natsuko Ito Kondo,&nbsp;Yui Nemoto,&nbsp;Toshimasa Takeda,&nbsp;Kosuke Kanda,&nbsp;Nobuyoshi Nakajima,&nbsp;James C. Beasley,&nbsp;Masanori Tamaoki","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9881511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9881511","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Classical swine fever (CSF) is the one of the most devastating contagious diseases in domestic swine and wild boar/pigs (<i>Sus scrofa</i>). Population genetics is often used to estimate animal dispersal and can also help evaluate host population connectivity, which is crucial for understanding pathogen dispersal. We surveyed genetic population structure of boars using MIG-seq analysis to clarify the geographic barriers that influence boar dispersal in north-central Japan and to demonstrate the relationship between the spread of CSF infection among boars and their population structure. We obtained 382 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 348 wild boar samples, and the results of STRUCTURE analysis indicated that the highest Δ<i>K</i> value was at <i>K</i> = 2, followed by <i>K</i> = 4. Based on these results, it is evident that the Abukuma river, a major river within north-central Japan, does not act as a barrier to the gene flow of boars, but rather that human infrastructure hinders their dispersal. Further, according to the time series change in the capture site of CSF-infected wild boar and the sum of the probability of belonging to each of the four clades in individual CSF-infected wild boar, our results indicated that the genetic structure of boar populations was correlated with the outbreak pathway of CSF across our study region. Our study suggests that predictions of disease spread, especially for widely distributed host species, is challenging because of the risk of cryptic breaks and changes in wide range connectivity; however, understanding the genetic population structure of wild boar can be a useful tool for predicting the spread of CSF. We concluded that genetic analysis of host population structure may have the possibility to improve predictions of the future dynamics of disease spread.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9881511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Characterization of African Swine Fever Viruses With Genetic Deletions Detected in South Korea","authors":"Seong-Keun Hong,&nbsp;Ki-Hyun Cho,&nbsp;Jung-Hoon Kwon,&nbsp;Da-Won Kim,&nbsp;Jongho Kim,&nbsp;Da-Young Kim,&nbsp;Hae-Eun Kang,&nbsp;Jong-Soo Lee,&nbsp;Yeon-Hee Kim","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9917280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9917280","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II has been circulating in South Korea, causing substantial economic losses to the Korean pig industry since 2019. Genetic epidemiological investigations using whole-genome sequencing have been conducted to track the genetic evolution of ASFV. Two ASFV strains were detected in domestic pig farms in South Korea, one with a large deletion in the MGF 360-6L gene and the other in the MGF 360-21R gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Korean isolates belonged to the Asian subgroup of ASFV genotype II and were further divided into distinct subclusters of Korean African swine fever (ASF) group I. To identify the pathological changes caused by the deletion of MGF 360-6L and MGF 360-21R genes, we evaluated their pathogenicity in experimentally infected domestic pigs. No significant changes in pathogenicity were observed compared to other viruses evaluated in our previous studies. All inoculated pigs died 7–10 days post-inoculation (dpi), showing acute forms of illness with common pathological lesions. These results highlight that large genetic deletions can occur naturally in ASFV, but the deletions in MGF 360-6L and MGF 360-21R genes did not alter pathogenicity in domestic pigs. Further research is needed to understand the roles of these genes, especially in viral replication and pathogenicity in wild boars and ticks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9917280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}