Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Companion Animals Harbour Globally Circulating Human-Associated Klebsiella pneumoniae Lineages and High-Risk Antimicrobial Resistance Clones","authors":"Stephen Mark Edward Fordham,&nbsp;Elizabeth Sheridan,&nbsp;Francis Drobniewski","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5383720","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/5383720","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Companion animals are increasingly recognised within One Health antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) surveillance, yet the global genomic structure of dog- and cat-associated <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> remains poorly defined. We assembled a global dataset of 712 domestic dog (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>)– and cat (<i>Felis catus</i>)–derived <i>K. pneumoniae</i> genomes to define lineage diversity, AMR burden, host-associated patterns, and overlap with human-associated populations. Companion-animal isolates comprised 263 sequence types (STs), but recurrent high-risk lineages, including ST307, ST11, ST15, and ST147, were prominent. Among 706 isolates from 25 countries, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes were widely distributed, detected in 303 (42.9%) and 98 (13.9%) isolates, respectively. Cat-derived isolates showed higher multidrug-resistance (MDR) prevalence than dog-derived isolates; 80.0% versus 56.3%, partly reflecting enrichment of epidemic clones, especially ST147. MDR was not confined to infection-associated samples, indicating that colonisation may represent an important reservoir state. Comparison with 38,106 human-associated <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates revealed extensive ST overlap, with 71.1% of companion-animal STs and 87.2% of companion-animal isolates belonging to STs also detected in humans. Focused recombination-filtered phylogenomics of ST147 identified a closely related MDR cluster containing cat-, dog- and human-associated genomes, consistent with recent common ancestry and cross-host cocirculation. Together, these findings reveal domestic dogs and cats harbour globally distributed <i>K. pneumoniae</i> lineages and high-risk AMR clones also represented in human-associated populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5383720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of Enoxolone on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro and In Vivo","authors":"Jie Li,&nbsp;Feixiang Zhu,&nbsp;Han Xu,&nbsp;Hongyue Li,&nbsp;Jiang Jin,&nbsp;Muyu Zhu,&nbsp;Junjie Liu,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Yingchun Zhou,&nbsp;Zongyi Bo,&nbsp;Haixiao Shen,&nbsp;Junfang Yan,&nbsp;Yan Cheng,&nbsp;Xinyue Chang,&nbsp;Xuelan Liu,&nbsp;Xianrui Zheng,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Zongjun Yin,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Pei Sun","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7319780","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/7319780","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is characterized as an acute and highly contagious intestinal ailment induced by the PED virus (PEDV), presenting clinical symptoms such as emesis, diarrhea, and dehydration. The occurrence of PED has imposed a substantial economic burden on the global swine farming industry. The PEDV strain exhibits a proclivity for mutations, and the immune response elicited by traditional vaccines may prove ineffective against the virus. Meanwhile, given concerns about the tolerance to existing drugs. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity to develop novel anti PEDV drugs. As a natural compound, studies have demonstrated that enoxolone possesses multiple pharmacological attributes, encompassing antitumor, antiulcer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of enoxolone against PEDV. Enoxolone inhibits the proliferation of PEDV through multiple pathways. Initially, it degrades the nucleocapsid (N) protein via the lysosomal-autophagy pathway. Additionally, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that Enoxolone suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway activated by PEDV, indicating its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to inhibit the inflammatory response triggered by PEDV in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo results show that enoxolone effectively alleviates the symptoms and intestinal damage caused by PEDV in piglets. Briefly speaking, our research verifies that enoxolone can inhibit the replication of PEDV both in vivo and in vitro, providing a novel direction for the development of antiviral drugs against PED.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7319780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Penicillin-Based Therapy Compared to Alternative Enterococcal Treatment in Patients With Vancomycin-Susceptible Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections: A Monocentric Cohort Study","authors":"Thalia Landrock,&nbsp;Lisa Schneider,&nbsp;Stefan Glöckner,&nbsp;Stefan Hagel,&nbsp;Mathias W. Pletz,&nbsp;Christina Bahrs","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3822590","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/3822590","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of penicillin-based therapies (ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, or piperacillin/tazobactam) compared with alternative therapies (glycopeptides, linezolid, or daptomycin) in patients with vancomycin-susceptible enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSIs). Adult patients with a positive blood culture (BC) for a vancomycin-susceptible <i>Enterococcus</i> species were screened from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients who received adequate antibiotic therapy for at least 48 h were enrolled. The primary outcome, 30-day mortality, was compared between patients receiving penicillin-based and those receiving alternative therapies using the Fisher exact test. Secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality, relapse BSI, length of hospital stay (LOS), and potential antibiotic-related adverse events. To identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality, multivariable logistic regression analysis was weighted for ampicillin susceptibility using propensity scores. Of the 150 patients screened, 127 (84.6%) were included in the final analysis. Among them, 36 (28.3%) developed a septic shock. Aminopenicillin-susceptible <i>Enterococcus</i> species (mainly <i>E. faecalis</i>) accounted for 59.1% of bacteremia cases. Sixty-seven (52.1%) patients received a penicillin-based regimen (monotherapy <i>n</i> = 48, combination <i>n</i> = 19), and 60 (47.2%) patients received an alternative regimen. Patients receiving penicillin-based therapy exhibited a lower 30-day mortality rate of 13.4% compared to 40% (<i>p</i> = 0.001) in those receiving alternative treatments. The 90-day mortality rates were reduced (13.4% versus 41.7%), and LOS was shorter (median 21 versus 35 days) for patients with penicillin-based therapy. There was no significant difference in relapse BSI or potential adverse events between the groups (<i>p</i>  &gt; 0.05). However, in the multivariable weighted regression model, only septic shock (aOR with 95% CI: 23.53 [1.66; 334.54]) was identified as an independent positive predictor of 30-day mortality. In conclusion, penicillin-based therapy was still an effective and safe treatment but was not associated with an improved survival in a weighted analysis of patients with enterococcal BSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3822590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant Providencia rettgeri: An Emerging Pathogen in Farmed Siamese Crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in Hainan, China","authors":"Mengqi Wang,&nbsp;Caike Li,&nbsp;Yixin Tian,&nbsp;Zhongtao Liu,&nbsp;Shuai Ye,&nbsp;Jiahao Yu,&nbsp;Guiying Guo,&nbsp;Lixia Fan,&nbsp;Nuo Yang,&nbsp;Jifeng Zeng,&nbsp;Jiping Zheng,&nbsp;Xuesong Li","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5761973","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/5761973","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Siamese crocodile (<i>Crocodylus siamensis</i>) farming industry in China, particularly in Hainan Province, has grown substantially, yet it faces increasing threats from infectious diseases. <i>Providencia</i> spp., especially <i>P. rettgeri</i>, are increasingly reported in reptilian disease outbreaks, but their epidemiological and pathogenic profiles in farmed <i>C. siamensis</i> remain poorly understood. In this study, necropsy and histopathological examination of 18 deceased juvenile Siamese crocodiles from three farms in Hainan Province, China, revealed severe multiorgan lesions indicative of septicemia. Sixty-five <i>Providencia</i> isolates were recovered and assigned to four species-level clusters (<i>P. rettgeri</i>, <i>P. stuartii</i>, <i>P. hangzhouensis</i>, and <i>P. alcalifaciens</i>) via 16S rDNA and <i>fusA</i> phylogenetic analyses. Most isolates exhibited strong motility but weak biofilm-forming ability. Crucially, all 65 isolates were multidrug-resistant and carried diverse antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), with 74% harboring class 1 integrons. Virulence-associated genes (VGs) were widespread. Zebrafish challenge assays confirmed that all five representative isolates were pathogenic, with <i>P. rettgeri</i> strains PL-425 and PL-688 exhibiting the highest virulence (100% mortality within 24–30 h). Whole-genome sequencing of PL-425 identified multiple virulence loci related to motility, capsule, adhesion, and toxins. These findings identify multidrug-resistant <i>P. rettgeri</i> as a dominant and highly virulent pathogen in farmed Siamese crocodiles, highlighting its emergence as a significant threat to the industry and underscoring the urgent need for integrated surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5761973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IRES Mutation Confers a Replicative Advantage to SVA by Enhancing Translation Efficiency","authors":"Tao Li,&nbsp;Wen Dang,&nbsp;Weiwei Li,&nbsp;Xiaodong Qin,&nbsp;Fan Xu,&nbsp;Hong Tian,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Yanyan Chang,&nbsp;Haixue Zheng","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7653487","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/7653487","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is a cis-acting element found in certain RNA viruses. In virus-infected cells, the Senecavirus A (SVA) IRES can directly recruit the small ribosomal subunit to an internal initiation codon on the mRNA, enabling translation initiation independently of both the 5^′ cap structure of the viral genome and the host cell eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F). As a small RNA virus, SVA frequently accumulates genetic mutations during transmission. This study aimed to characterize the mutational and evolutionary patterns of the SVA genome during its transmission within host cells exhibiting enhanced innate immunity. SVA was serially passaged for 80 generations in preactivated 3D4/21 cells that had been established in an antiviral innate immune state. During serial passaging, two stable single-nucleotide mutations were consistently identified in the IRES region of the viral genomic RNA from passages 60–80: a uridine (U) insertion at genomic position 109, and a guanine (G)-to-adenine (A) substitution at position 265. Furthermore, the rescued SVA mutants harboring these mutations exhibited significantly higher replication titers than the parental strain. Notably, our results indicated that the mutant virus was unable to evade host antiviral innate immunity, whereas it significantly enhanced the translational activity of the SVA IRES. Collectively, these findings provide a foundation for understanding how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5^′ untranslated region (UTR) region influence viral IRES activity and the replication capacity of recombinant viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7653487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of a Novel Alpha Family Chaperone-Usher Pilus Present on Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","authors":"Yi-Fang Lai,&nbsp;Yen-Chen Chang,&nbsp;Wei-Ting Lee,&nbsp;Shang-Te Danny Hsu,&nbsp;Chao-Nan Lin,&nbsp;Tzu-Ming Huang,&nbsp;Chien-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Dung-Chi Wu,&nbsp;Hao-Sen Chiang,&nbsp;Hui-Wen Chang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9901219","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/9901219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in piglets, imposing significant economic burdens on swine production worldwide. Despite its impact, detailed characterization of intestinal colonization and comprehensive genomic profiling of virulent neonatal porcine ETEC strains remain limited. In this study, we isolated a β-hemolytic ETEC strain, PT4357, from a diarrheic neonatal piglet and conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) coupled with experimental infection in neonatal piglets to define its pathogenicity. The PT4357 belonged to serotype O8:H7 and sequence type ST2521 and harbored multiple virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene <i>mcr-1</i>. Interestingly, a novel chaperone-usher (CU) assembly pathway pilus has a homolog of the α family usher gene that was identified in the chromosome of PT4357. Compared with the CS1 pilus on ETEC, structural superposition of the CU pathway pilus of PT4357, namely, CS33, showed strong conservation in the major subunit and chaperone and was relatively divergent in the N-terminal of usher and minor subunits while retaining essential core folds. Oral inoculation confirmed villi attachment of the ETEC PT4357, causing watery diarrhea in neonatal piglets without mucosal damage. Furthermore, the adherence of the ETEC PT4357 on porcine IPEC cells but not human Caco-2 cells suggests limited human tropism. Our results indicate that Taiwan porcine ETECs carried AMR genes and alternative CU pathway pilus. The role of the CS33 pilus on the pathogenicity or virulence of the pathogen requires further investigation and surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Pathogenic Characteristics of Novel PRRSV-1 Strain CH-JX-2504 and CH-SDTA-2506 in China","authors":"Yulin Xu,&nbsp;Qihang Xin,&nbsp;Kexin Li,&nbsp;Jianda Li,&nbsp;Luogang Ding,&nbsp;Yuyu Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Zeng,&nbsp;Fei Liu,&nbsp;Zhi Chen,&nbsp;Wenbo Sun,&nbsp;Jiang Yu,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Wu","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4674029","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/4674029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a leading cause of severe economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. In recent years, the geographic distribution of PRRSV-1 has been expanding, further complicating epidemic prevention and control. In 2025, two PRRSV-1 strains were successfully isolated from lung tissue samples of deceased pigs in Jiangxi and Shandong Provinces of China, named CH-JX-2504 and CH-SDTA-2506, respectively. Viral isolation was performed using primary porcine alveolar macrophages, and whole-genome sequencing was performed through metagenomic analysis. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain CH-JX-2504 belonged to the new subgroup 3, while CH-SDTA-2506 clustered within the BJEU06-1-like subgroup. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that CH-JX-2504 exhibits identical deletion patterns in the Nsp2, GP3, and GP4 proteins with the PRRSV-1 reference strain 180900-5. In contrast, distinct variations in these three proteins were identified in CH-SDTA-2506 compared with other representative PRRSV-1 strains, suggesting the emergence of a novel deletion pattern. In vivo challenge experiments showed that both CH-JX-2504 and CH-SDTA-2506 could induce typical clinical symptoms in piglets, including fever, retarded weight gain, and pathological lesions, including interstitial pneumonia with lymphocyte infiltration, obvious damage to intestinal villi, and disruption of the intestinal microbiota structure. Notably, one piglet in the CH-JX-2504 group died at 10 days postinfection (dpi), indicating that CH-JX-2504 exhibits higher pathogenicity than CH-SDTA-2506. Therefore, strengthened surveillance of PRRSV-1 in China is essential to prevent its further spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Operational Constraints on the Feasibility of Peste des Petits Ruminants Eradication Target by 2030: Necessity for a New Pragmatic Road Map","authors":"Kadir Yeşilbağ,&nbsp;Mevlüt Yaşar","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4504556","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tbed/4504556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) remains a major constraint to small ruminant production and food security, and a global eradication target for 2030 have been set by FAO/WOAH. This review analyses recent evidence on the feasibility of that target by integrating epidemiological indicators, operational performance of vaccination and surveillance systems, and structural drivers that sustain transmission. We find that the main barriers to eradication are not either virological/methodological or programmatic: achieving and sustaining high population immunity in pastoral and highly mobile systems; cold-chain and logistics constraints that reduce effective vaccine delivery; uneven surveillance sensitivity, timeliness, and data quality that limit detection of residual foci; and persistent reseeding via informal trade and transboundary movements. Multihost dynamics at wildlife–livestock interfaces, together with fragility factors such as conflict and climate-driven mobility, further complicate the endgame. Recent incursions into previously free territories highlight that progress is reversible when borders and surveillance systems are stressed. The dominance of PPR virus (PPRV) lineage IV in global spatiotemporal distribution has become increasingly evident in the last 10 years. We conclude that global freedom by 2030 is unlikely without rapid, synchronized improvements in coverage, surveillance performance, and cross-border coordination. A pragmatic pathway beyond 2030 should prioritize risk-based vaccination targeting high-connectivity corridors and markets, routine postvaccination seromonitoring as a decision trigger, strengthened endgame-grade surveillance (including targeted genomic investigation), and regional compacts that align implementation with broader resilience and economic development goals. We suggest that a new, revised global planning consisting of three consecutive phases would be more appropriate and predictable.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Virulent Getah Virus Subgroup GIII-c Emerging in Pigs in China","authors":"Zhaoying Xiang,&nbsp;Xingchen Wang,&nbsp;Yuchen Huang,&nbsp;Xinyu Gao,&nbsp;Lei Zhou,&nbsp;Xinna Ge,&nbsp;Jun Han,&nbsp;Yongning Zhang,&nbsp;Hanchun Yang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3201005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3201005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Getah virus (GETV) is an emerging mosquito-borne zoonotic alphavirus that poses a threat to multiple animal species, particularly pigs, and carries significant public health implications. Nevertheless, the molecular evolution and pathogenicity of circulating GETV strains in China remain incompletely defined. In this study, three GETV strains were isolated from diseased piglets during concurrent outbreaks on three geographically distinct commercial pig farms in China in August 2025. The isolates shared 99.67%–99.91% genomic nucleotide (nt) identity and were phylogenetically classified into subgroup GⅢ-c. Amino acid sequence alignment against 136 reference strains from the GenBank database identified four substitutions in Nsp1 and Nsp3 that were absent from all reference strains, along with six conserved residues largely concentrated in a distinct subclade formed by the three isolates and five related reference strains. Pathogenicity evaluation using a representative isolate (GETV-YY/2025) in 7-day-old piglets revealed that the infected animals developed severe clinical signs, including fever, diarrhea, ataxia, and hindlimb paralysis, with a high mortality rate of 77.8% (7/9). The strain exhibited broad tissue tropism, with high viral loads detected in pharyngeal and rectal swabs, serum, and multiple visceral organs as early as 1 day postinoculation, accompanied by obvious cerebral vascular congestion and pulmonary hemorrhage. Notably, efficient contact transmission to sentinel piglets was observed, resulting in one fatality among the three contact animals (33.3%). Collectively, these findings characterize the emergence of a highly virulent GETV subgroup GⅢ-c circulating in Chinese pig populations, highlighting its capacity for efficient contact transmission and severe pathogenesis in neonatal pigs. This study provides critical insights into the evolutionary dynamics of GETV and informs the urgent development of prevention and control strategies against this re-emerging veterinary pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3201005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Glycosylation Deletion of Hemagglutinin Head in the H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Enhances Its Virulence in Mammals by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress”","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9847165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9847165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Y. Yin, S. Yu, Y. Sun, et al., “Glycosylation Deletion of Hemagglutinin Head in the H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Enhances Its Virulence in Mammals by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress,” <i>Transboundary and Emerging Diseases</i>, 2020;67:1492–1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13481.</p><p>These corrections do not affect the interpretation of the results or the conclusions of the article. The corrected Figures 3 and 6 are shown below:</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9847165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}