Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Rapid Risk Assessment Framework to Estimate Potential for Spillback at Human–Wildlife Interfaces","authors":"Travis McDevitt-Galles,&nbsp;Tricia L. Fry,&nbsp;Katherine L. D. Richgels,&nbsp;Daniel A. Grear","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4334954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4334954","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>More than 60% of emerging infectious diseases of humans have a wildlife origin, and when these diseases spread through human populations to new geographical areas, there is a considerable risk of spillback from humans to wildlife species. Spillback events can have severe consequences for wildlife populations, where the disease may cause morbidity and mortality, and human populations, where the establishment in wildlife may lead to prolonged transmission or new exposures in humans. Mitigating these consequences requires identifying the key risk factors that lead to human–wildlife transmission events and implementing risk-reducing actions, a challenge given that cross-species transmission events are rare and often data deficient. To identify potential species and locations that are most likely to lead to these rare events, we developed a spatially explicit, rapid risk assessment framework that incorporates three components of the spillback process: wildlife susceptibility, wildlife exposure, and pathogen introduction pressure. To demonstrate the broad applicability of our framework, we conducted a rapid risk assessment on two recent emerging zoonotic pathogens in humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mpox, to determine the relative spillback risk to wild mammalian species in the continental United States. The rapid risk assessment identified both species and locations with higher than expected spillback risk, providing managers and researchers with valuable information to prioritize surveillance and risk-mitigation actions. Our framework represents a rapid and flexible approach to assess the risks of spillback to wildlife populations during rapidly evolving zoonotic disease outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4334954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Preparedness for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Through Alignment of Animal Health Laboratory Diagnosis","authors":"Karen L. Mansfield,&nbsp;Insiyah Parekh,&nbsp;Thomas Bruun Rasmussen,&nbsp;Louise Lohse,&nbsp;Ann Sofie Olesen,&nbsp;Nolwenn M. Dheilly,&nbsp;Gaëlle Gonzalez,&nbsp;Camille Victoire Migné,&nbsp;Mathilde Gondard,&nbsp;Teheipuaura Helle,&nbsp;Tobias Lilja,&nbsp;Johanna F. Lindahl,&nbsp;Wim H. M. van der Poel,&nbsp;Frank Harders,&nbsp;Gebbiena M. Bron,&nbsp;Melle Holwerda","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5516160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5516160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Outbreaks of Japanese encephalitis (JE) can have severe health and economic impacts in both humans and susceptible animal species and are estimated to cause ~68,000 human disease cases in Asia annually. The disease is caused by infection with the mosquito-borne JE virus (JEV), which continues to expand its geographical range from its endemic region in Asia. Since appropriate vertebrate host and mosquito vector species are present in Europe and average European summer temperatures continue to increase, JEV introduction could lead to the establishment of the pathogen in native mosquito species and wild birds and disease outbreaks among humans, pigs, and horses. Incursions could occur through movements of infected pigs and mosquitoes but also via migratory birds that act as reservoirs. Introduction and establishment of JEV in these populations may not be apparent at first, providing time for virus spread before spillover to the human population. Further complicating serological detection of JEV is the extensive cross-reactivity with other orthoflaviviruses circulating in Europe (i.e., tick-borne encephalitis virus [TBEV], West Nile virus [WNV], and Usutu virus [USUV]). In addition, viremia in clinical cases may be short, hindering virus detection. To facilitate European preparedness for detection, surveillance, and monitoring of JEV introduction and spread, five veterinary national reference laboratories in Europe collaborated with the aim to align JEV diagnostic pipelines to prepare for future emergence of JEV in Europe. All institutes assessed established and newly developed serological and molecular assays to build capability with sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for JEV detection. Additionally, methods for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were established and compared. In summary, this project provides a framework for communication and international collaboration between arboviral researchers at national veterinary institutes. The sharing of knowledge and expertise, and alignment of diagnostic techniques, has facilitated improvement of diagnostic pipelines for JEV detection and contributed to preparedness for JEV introduction into Europe.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5516160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Brucella Infection in Small Ruminants in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Gobena Ameni,&nbsp;Aboma Zewude,&nbsp;Berecha Bayissa,&nbsp;Ibrahim Abdalla Alfaki,&nbsp;Abdallah A. Albizreh,&nbsp;Naeema Alhosani,&nbsp;Meera Saeed Alkalbani,&nbsp;Mohamed Moustafa Abdelhalim,&nbsp;Assem Sobhi Abdelazim,&nbsp;Rafeek Aroul Koliyan,&nbsp;Kaltham Kayaf,&nbsp;Mervat Mari Al Nuaimat,&nbsp;Robert Barigye,&nbsp;Markos Tibbo,&nbsp;Yassir Mohammed Eltahir","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6666896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6666896","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Small ruminants are important livestock species, which function as a major source of protein, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), although infections such as <i>Brucella</i> infection can hamper their productivity. However, there is currently a paucity of epidemiological data on <i>Brucella</i> infections in small ruminants in the UAE. This study therefore aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i> infection and evaluate the associated risk factors in 272 flocks encompassing 2730 small ruminants in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. In addition, DNA of the <i>Brucella</i> was tested in seropositive small ruminant. Multispecies competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and multispecies indirect ELISA (iELISA) were used to detect <i>Brucella</i> antibodies, while real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the DNA of genus Brucella and its major species (<i>Brucella</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>abortus</i>, <i>B. melitensis</i>, and <i>B. ovis</i>). Flock seroprevalences of <i>Brucella</i> infection were 13.6% (95% CI: 9.8%–18.3%) and 25.5% (95% CI: 20.3%–31.0%) based on iELISA and cELISA, respectively. While animal seroprevalences were 2.31% (95% CI: 1.8–2.9) and 4.84% (95% CI: 4.1–5.7) on the basis of iELISA and cELISA, respectively. Flock seroprevalence was associated with flock size, whereas animal seroprevalence was associated with region, holding type, species, and age. The genus <i>Brucella</i> DNA was detected in the sera of 28.21% (11/39) of seropositive small ruminants. The 11 <i>Brucella</i> genus positive sera were further identified into three <i>B. ovis</i>, three mixed infections of <i>B. melitensis</i> with either <i>B. abortus</i> or <i>B. ovis</i>, two <i>B. melitensis</i>, and one <i>B. abortus</i>. While the remaining two were not positive for any of the three species. In conclusion, although animal seroprevalences were low by both ELISA tests, flock seroprevalences were relatively high. Besides, <i>B. melitensis</i> was the dominant species that was detected in the sera small ruminants posing zoonotic threat to the public. Therefore, the results of this study warrant for re-enforcement of the control and preventive measures of <i>Brucella</i> infections in small ruminants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6666896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Ferret and Cat to Porcine Deltacoronavirus: Evidence of Infection in Ferrets But Not Cats","authors":"Shuhuai Meng,&nbsp;Renqiang Liu,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Guangli Hu,&nbsp;Lei Shuai,&nbsp;Huijuan Guo,&nbsp;Yijing Dang,&nbsp;Yongchang Cao,&nbsp;Zhigao Bu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wen","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9997711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9997711","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders and have a wide host range. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic CoV and a member of the <i>Deltacoronavirus</i> (δ-CoV) genus and was discovered in 2012. With a high fatality rate, PDCoV is primarily responsible for severe diarrhea in pigs, especially in newborn piglets, and has been reported worldwide since the first outbreak in 2014. PDCoV is confirmed as a zoonotic virus, and one of the few CoVs currently known to infect both birds and mammals, including humans. Infection studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of mice and calves to PDCoV, but little is known about its transmission in other mammals. Before it was reported in pigs, deltacoronavruses had been reported in ferret badgers and Asian leopard cats in China in 2007. This implies the possibility that wild mustelids and feline species contribute to the virus’s spread. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of ferrets and domestic cats to PDCoV. The results revealed that ferrets can be infected with PDCoV, while cats cannot. In ferrets, viral RNA was detected in the intestines, parenchymal organs, and feces. Histopathological analysis showed no visible lesions in the intestine of infected ferret and cat. Neither infected ferrets nor cats exhibited any clinical signs of diarrhea, but seroconversion occurred in ferrets 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). In brief, ferrets may play a significant role in the interspecies transmission of PDCoV. Our study expands the known host range of PDCoV and provides valuable insights into the interspecies transmission of the virus.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9997711","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Functional DPP4 Receptor Is an Indispensable Factor Mediating the Immune Performance of Mucosal Vaccines for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome","authors":"Zhenshan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Hu,&nbsp;Shen Wang,&nbsp;Hongyu Sun,&nbsp;Yongkun Zhao,&nbsp;Na Feng,&nbsp;Tiecheng Wang,&nbsp;Guixue Hu,&nbsp;Jianzhong Wang,&nbsp;Xianzhu Xia,&nbsp;Feihu Yan","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2303502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2303502","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Mucosal vaccines are powerful tools for combatting emerging infectious diseases, particularly mucosal-associated pathogens. However, one of the main bottlenecks in developing mucosal vaccines is the lack of accurate animal models. In this study, a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) mucosal vaccine was designed for investigations. Compared with the VSV backbone, rVSVΔG-MERS-S exhibited altered cellular tropism, as determined by MERS-S. In wild-type (WT) C57BL-6J mice and hamsters, the nasal spray of rVSVΔG-MERS-S was poorly immunogenic. In contrast, rVSVΔG-MERS-S was highly immunogenic in transgenic mice (hDPP4 mice) and hDPP4-transduced hamsters harboring the functional MERS-CoV receptor. Compared with those of WT C57BL-6J mice, the nasal spray of rVSVΔG-MERS-S resulted in effective antigen-presenting cell (APC) priming, Tfh-GcB-plasma cell (pC) proliferation, and robust humoral and cellular responses, together with the activation of antiviral signaling pathways in hDPP4 mice. Similarly, rVSVΔG-MERS-S was highly immunogenic in alpacas and rhesus monkeys, which are naturally susceptible to MERS-CoV and harbor the effective DPP4 receptor. The alignment of hDPP4 receptors in these animals revealed that L294, I295, and R336 in DPP4 are key residues contributing to differences in sensitivity across species. Consistently, a high binding affinity was observed between human, alpacas, and rhesus monkey DPP4 receptors and MERS-CoV receptor binding domains (RBDs) compared with that of mice and hamster. Overall, this proof-of-concept study not only guides the selection of appropriate animal models for the evaluation of mucosal vaccines of MERS but also provides evidence that functional receptors DPP4 in animal models are prerequisites for the immune performance of the MERS mucosal vaccine.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2303502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II in West Africa (2020) and Its Co-Circulation With Endemic Genotype I: Implications for Pig Production","authors":"Irene Kasindi Meki,&nbsp;Adeyinka Jeremy Adedeji,&nbsp;Lalidia Bruno Ouoba,&nbsp;Yao Mathurin Koffi,&nbsp;Adama Diakité,&nbsp;Tirumala B. K. Settypalli,&nbsp;Lamouni Habibata-Zerbo,&nbsp;Kouamé Valère Kouakou,&nbsp;Mohamed Adama Diakité,&nbsp;Charles Masembe,&nbsp;Moctar Sidi,&nbsp;Thierry Ouattara Douyeri,&nbsp;Fatoumata Dembelé,&nbsp;Helen E. Luka,&nbsp;Sandaogo Hamidou-Ouandaogo,&nbsp;Christiane Dembelé,&nbsp;Rebecca Weka,&nbsp;Gregorie Bazimo,&nbsp;Martin Dakouo,&nbsp;Toyin A. Olubade,&nbsp;Mariétou Guitti-Kindo,&nbsp;Chaka Traoré,&nbsp;Olushola Gamra,&nbsp;Dominique Guigma,&nbsp;Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé,&nbsp;Dupe A. Hambolu,&nbsp;Drabo Dji-tombo Adama,&nbsp;Boubacar Madio dit Aladiogo Maïga,&nbsp;Mary A. Ogunleye,&nbsp;Ayokanmi Toluhi,&nbsp;Nanven Maurice,&nbsp;Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann,&nbsp;Pam D. Luka,&nbsp;Giovanni Cattoli,&nbsp;Charles E. Lamien","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5396227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5396227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly devastating disease of domestic pigs caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). Historically, only ASFV Genotype I was known to circulate in West Africa. However, Genotype II has recently emerged in Nigeria, Ghana, and Benin for the first time. Between 2017 and 2023, suspected ASF outbreaks were reported in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Mali. The source, extent, and spread of these ASF outbreaks remain unknown. Samples collected from 2017 to 2023 were analyzed using real-time qPCR and characterized using five ASFV gene segments: partial gene of the B464L (p72), full length E183L (p54), central variable region (CVR) within B602L, EP402R (CD2v), and intergenic region (IGR) between I73R and I329L genes. ASF was confirmed in 12 Nigerian states and in seven, eight, and two provinces of Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of B646L (p72), E183 (p54), and CD2v genes of ASFV revealed that Genotype I, Serogroup 4, caused the initial outbreaks in these countries, followed by Genotype II, Serogroup 8. CVR profile analysis showed ASFV Genotype I with different variants, while Genotype II presented only one CVR variant. This is the first report of ASFV Genotype II in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, and Mali. The introduction of ASFV Genotype II and its co-circulation with Genotype I in pig populations in these West African countries threatens food security and complicates control measures. Therefore, increased surveillance at international ports of entry, restrictions on live pig movements within the countries, and improved farm-level biosecurity measures are needed to control the further spread of the disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5396227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic European Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus: A Super-Highway for the Spread of Emergent Viral Diseases to Other Lagomorphs?","authors":"Elena Angulo,&nbsp;Juan Bárcena,&nbsp;Brian Cooke,&nbsp;Ramón C. Soriguer","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1129135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1129135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>We propose that the worldwide spread of several viral diseases in European rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) is facilitated by domestic rabbit meat production and associated international trade. This view is based on published records of the transfer of rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses (RHDV/RHDV2) between countries and supported by data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) correlating the amount of rabbit meat produced and the number of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) outbreaks reported. Although RHDV was mainly confined to European rabbits, outbreak reporting rose after RDHV2 emerged and spread into many other lagomorph species. More than 80 species of native lagomorphs are now at risk from the disease in countries reporting RHD outbreaks. Our findings have implications for the maintenance of both industrial-scale cuniculture and village-scale production to combat poverty, for the future use of viruses for the biological control of pest rabbits and the conservation of native lagomorphs. Greater awareness of the risks of virus transfer in both directions between domestic rabbits and wild lagomorphs is important for future management of domestic rabbits and the conservation of native lagomorphs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1129135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Early Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis on Poultry Farms During an Outbreak in New South Wales, Australia (2018–2020)","authors":"Emily Onizawa,&nbsp;Mark E. Westman,&nbsp;Daniel R. Bogema,&nbsp;Ania T. Deutscher,&nbsp;Kieran Eamens,&nbsp;Melinda L. Micallef,&nbsp;Tammy McDonogh,&nbsp;Cheryl Jenkins","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9937941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9937941","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Salmonella</i> spp. are a significant cause of human foodborne illness globally, with ingestion of contaminated eggs a major vehicle for infection. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis (<i>S</i>. Enteritidis, SE) is the serovar most linked to egg-related foodborne salmonellosis in most developed countries. Until 2018, the Australian egg industry was considered free of SE. This report documents the diagnostic testing performed on samples from egg layer farms across New South Wales (NSW), Australia, as part of a SE outbreak response between 2018 and 2020. Testing was undertaken following a cluster of cases of SE infection in humans traced to the consumption of eggs originating from a single contaminated poultry farm. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing was used to screen environmental and animal samples (<i>n</i> = 2058) from 29 different properties identified through contact tracing. Confirmatory bacterial culture (<i>n</i> = 717) was performed on any SE qPCR-positive samples and a subset of qPCR-negative and qPCR-inconclusive samples. In total, 13/29 (45%) of egg layer farms were SE-positive by qPCR testing, with 12/13 (92%) of these farms confirmed SE-positive by bacterial culture and serotyping. Both environmental and animal samples produced SE-positive results, in particular surface swabs, boot covers, feces, and eggs. When qPCR testing and bacterial culture were performed side-by-side, qPCR testing to detect SE compared to bacterial culture had sensitivity of 100% (43/43) and specificity of 94.1% (238/253; 95% confidence interval[CI] 91.4–96.8). SE isolates obtained during the outbreak were predominantly phage type (PT)1b and PT12. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SE isolates from 9 of 12 culture-positive properties confirmed that they were all sequence type 11, Clade B, and derived from a single source. As a result of rapid qPCR detection of SE on contaminated farms, appropriate biosecurity responses were implemented, and NSW commercial layer farms were again considered SE-free in August 2020. This report highlights the utility of high-throughput molecular testing for SE in outbreak situations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9937941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Recombinant Canine Coronavirus, Picodicistrovirus, and Circovirus in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Implies Frequent Virus Transmission Events Among Carnivores","authors":"Enikő Fehér,&nbsp;Gábor Kemenesi,&nbsp;Tamás Görföl,&nbsp;Yasmine Wazzani,&nbsp;Kornélia Bodó,&nbsp;József Lanszki,&nbsp;Dóra Máté,&nbsp;Eszter Kaszab,&nbsp;Marianna Domán,&nbsp;Zoltán Zádori,&nbsp;Zsófia Lanszki","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6681119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6681119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Although their pathogenicity is most often unclear, some canine viruses have been found to infect carnivores other than dogs. This study relies on the surveillance of coronaviruses in 206 saliva and fecal samples of huntable, sympatric canid and mustelid species captured in Hungary, such as the native red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>), European badger (<i>Meles meles</i>), golden jackal (<i>Canis aureus</i>), and stone marten (<i>Martes foina</i>), as well as the recently settled alien raccoon dog (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>). Metagenomics-based and direct sequence analysis were deployed to determine the genome sequence of coronaviruses identified in two specimens collected from red foxes. Near-complete genome sequences of two canine coronaviruses (CCoVs) were obtained, together with the complete genome sequence of a canine circovirus (CanineCV) and the near-complete genome sequence of a canine picodicistrovirus (CPDV) from one of the samples. These provided the first fox origin CCoV and CPDV sequence data, and the first recorded appearance of the CPDV in Europe. The results suggested that recombination is of great importance in the evolution of CCoV, CanineCV, and CPDV infecting dogs and wild-living carnivores, including the red fox and golden jackal. These are widespread in Central and Southeast Europe, and have large ranges, facilitating transmission of the multihost canine pathogens.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6681119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens Encountered by Dogs and Cats: A North European Perspective","authors":"Jani J. Sormunen,&nbsp;Eero J. Vesterinen,&nbsp;Tero Klemola","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5574554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5574554","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Climate change is increasing the worldwide burden of tick-borne diseases (TBDs). Dramatic increases in human cases of borreliosis have been reported during the past few decades, including from Finland, located in North Europe. As human exposure to ticks carrying pathogens is increasing, so likely is exposure of dogs and cats. However, feline or canine TBD cases are not notifiable. Likewise, no combined databases of cases exist in Finland, hindering assessment of related trends. Here, we utilize crowdsourced tick samples to reveal how commonly and to which species of TBPs dogs and cats are exposed locally. <i>Borrelia</i> spp., <i>Rickettsia</i> spp., <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Neoehrlichia mikurensis</i>, <i>Babesia</i> spp., <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, <i>Bartonella</i> spp., and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) were screened using qPCR from a total of 3697 <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and 2355 <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> removed from dogs and cats. Furthermore, the spatial occurrence of the screened pathogens was mapped on the national level. An overwhelming majority (99%) of ticks removed from dogs and cats were adults. Prevalence rates in adult ticks were 26.2% for <i>Borrelia</i>, 9.3% for <i>Rickettsia</i>, 1.1% for <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>, 1.1% for TBEV, 0.6% for <i>N. mikurensis</i>, and 0.4% for <i>Babesia</i>. <i>Bartonella</i> and <i>F. tularensis</i> were not detected. All detected pathogens were observed from ticks removed from both host species and both tick species. <i>Borrelia</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> were detected from every Finnish administrative region, whereas the occurrence of other pathogens was sporadic. This study shows that dogs and cats in Finland are frequently exposed to ticks and TBPs, highlighting that methods for protecting the animals from ticks should be further promoted. The ticks removed from dogs and cats were almost exclusively adult ticks, despite juvenile life stages being more numerous in nature. This raises questions about the numbers of juvenile ticks successfully feeding on dogs and cats and how dogs and cats are thus potentially contributing to tick population upkeep.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5574554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}