Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"First Molecular Typing of Tick-Derived Coxiella burnetii From Wildlife in South Korea: Surveillance and Genetic Characterization","authors":"You-Jeong Lee,&nbsp;Su-Jin Chae,&nbsp;Beoul Kim,&nbsp;Hak Sub Shin,&nbsp;Sun Min Kwak,&nbsp;Hyesung Jeong,&nbsp;Suwoong Lee,&nbsp;Yong-Myung Kang,&nbsp;Dongmi Kwak,&nbsp;Min-Goo Seo","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2533438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2533438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Q fever, caused by <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, is a widespread zoonosis characterized by environmental persistence and a broad host range. Wildlife and their associated ticks are increasingly recognized as crucial elements in the ecology of this pathogen; however, molecular data from these reservoirs in South Korea remain scarce. From April to December 2024, 2747 ticks were collected from 297 wild animals across 16 regions of South Korea. Tick species were identified, and the spatial and temporal distributions of <i>C. burnetii</i> and <i>Coxiella</i>-like bacteria (CLB) were analyzed using molecular detection and minimum infection rate (MIR) estimation. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multispacer sequence typing (MST) were used to genetically characterize <i>C. burnetii</i> detected in ticks. Four tick species were identified, with <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> as the predominant species (84.6%). <i>C. burnetii</i> was detected at an overall MIR of 2.2%, varying by host species, tick species, region, and season. CLB was detected at a low MIR (0.5%), exclusively in ticks from Korean water deer. All <i>C. burnetii</i>-positive samples exhibited an MST77-like profile, and MLVA revealed a genotype closely related to those previously identified in placental samples from goats in France. This is the first report of this genotype in tick-derived samples from South Korea. These findings highlight the ecological importance of wildlife—particularly Korean water deer, raccoon dogs, roe deer, mountain rabbit, and badgers—in the maintenance and transmission of <i>C. burnetii</i>. The identification of genetically distinct <i>C. burnetii</i> genotypes and CLB underscores the need for ongoing molecular surveillance. This study supports a One Health approach to Q fever prevention and advances our understanding of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of the pathogen in wild ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2533438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echoes in the Deep: Revealing Influenza A Viruses’ Persistence and Microbial Associations in Aquatic Ecosystems","authors":"Weijie Chen,&nbsp;Pengfei Yang,&nbsp;Jingjing Hu,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Chenyan Jiang,&nbsp;Huanyu Wu,&nbsp;Yuxi Wang,&nbsp;Qingli Yan,&nbsp;Shuiping Lu,&nbsp;Jiasheng Xiong,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Huang,&nbsp;Yue Pan,&nbsp;Fang He,&nbsp;Qi Chen,&nbsp;Siru Hu,&nbsp;Mingquan Chen,&nbsp;Chenglong Xiong","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5586400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5586400","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are significant pathogens with complex transmission dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, yet their persistence, evolutionary relationships, and associations with environmental microorganisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic characteristics and ecological associations of IAV in freshwater and seawater ecosystems in Eastern China to inform public health strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water samples were collected from three freshwater lakes and a coastal seawater site. Viral particles were concentrated, and nucleic acids were extracted for metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses, population dynamics assessments, and microbial association networks were constructed using bioinformatic tools. Statistical tests, including Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu and Li’s tests, were applied to evaluate evolutionary trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IAV fragments in seawater showed high homology with recent human H3N2 strains from North America (2021–2024), while freshwater-derived fragments aligned with historical avian strains from Asia. Microbial association networks revealed significant associations between IAV and environmental bacteria (e.g., <i>Brevundimonas aurantiaca</i>) and fungi (e.g., <i>Thamnidium</i>), implying potential ecological associations that may underpin viral persistence. Freshwater environments with higher abundances of Uroviricota exhibited more frequent IAV detection. PERMANOVA confirmed distinct overall microbial community compositions in IAV-positive versus IAV-negative samples across both freshwater and seawater ecosystems (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquatic ecosystems, particularly freshwater habitats, may serve as reservoirs for IAV persistence and evolution, driven by complex microbial associations. Regional disparities in viral strain origins highlight the role of migratory waterfowl and environmental transmission routes. Integrated surveillance of aquatic IAV dynamics is critical to anticipate zoonotic risks and mitigate future outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5586400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Modeling of Global SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk in Animals: Unveiling Potential Reservoirs and Informing Health Policy Synergies","authors":"Ruying Fang,&nbsp;Luqi Wang,&nbsp;Xin Yang,&nbsp;Yiyang Guo,&nbsp;Bingjie Peng,&nbsp;Yinsheng Zhang,&nbsp;Dilinuer Kamili,&nbsp;Sirui Li,&nbsp;Yunting Lyv,&nbsp;Sen Li,&nbsp;Shunqing Xu","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3959370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3959370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals have increasingly raised concerns about potential natural reservoirs for the virus. However, our understanding of the global distribution and drivers of animal infection risk remains limited. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted extensive data mining from various sources and developed machine learning (ML) models to estimate the global probability of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals. We trained and evaluated three ML models, mapping the distribution of infection risk in well-documented regions and projecting risk in areas with sparse infection records. Our models pinpointed high-risk areas in Europe and the United States, where infection records are scattered, as well as in the southern regions of Brazil and Asia, which have sparse infection records. Notably, our projections indicated overlaps between predicted high-risk areas and the known distribution of white-tailed deer, American minks, and Asian small-clawed otters. Anthropogenic factors were found to be more predictive of animal infection than biophysical factors, highlighting the importance of accessibility, population density, and COVID-19 mortality rates. These findings suggest the potential for synergies between public and animal health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3959370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Outbreaks of Pigeon Paramyxovirus 1 With High Mortality in Captive Pigeons (Columbia livia) in Denmark, 2022–2023","authors":"Karen Martiny,&nbsp;Audra-Lynne D. Schlachter,&nbsp;Tim K. Jensen,&nbsp;Fabian Z. X. Lean,&nbsp;Alejandro Núñez,&nbsp;Anne Sofie Hammer,&nbsp;Christian Grund,&nbsp;Dirk Höper,&nbsp;Solvej Ø. Breum,&nbsp;Jens P. Christensen,&nbsp;Lars E. Larsen,&nbsp;Charlotte K. Hjulsager","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5629889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5629889","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study describes the first outbreaks with virulent avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1) since 2005 in Denmark. Both outbreaks were caused by pigeon specific variants, denoted pigeon paramyxovirus 1 (PPMV-1). The first outbreak was in June 2022 and affected captive pigeons near Næstved, in southeast Denmark, where 1053 captive birds were housed, and hereof 851 pigeons. A second and separate outbreak occurred in June 2023 in Aalborg, northwest Denmark, involving 1851 captive birds, of which 40 were pigeons. In both outbreaks, pigeons were predominantly affected, characterised by high mortality, and presented with neurological signs, along with thin-shelled eggs. Pathological and virological assessment revealed multi-systemic infections in pigeons, including neuronal and vascular endothelial tropism. Chickens were affected only in the 2022 outbreak, with reported extended hatching periods and chicks dead at hatching, and with no apparent lesions detected at both macro- and microscopic investigations. Fusion protein (F) gene sequence classified the 2022 virus isolate as genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2 and the 2023 virus as genotype XXI.1.1, with polybasic cleavage sites ¹¹²RRQKRF¹¹⁷ (2022) and ¹¹²KRQKRF¹¹⁷ (2023). However, mean death time (MDT) tests categorised both virus isolates as mesogenic, and an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) test of the 2022 virus isolate showed an ICPI index of 0.65, categorising the virus as lentogenic. This is the first report of PPMV-1 isolates with polybasic cleavage site and associated mortality in captive pigeons in Denmark. The sudden resurgence of outbreaks in Denmark after nearly two decades without similar incidents highlight the potential threat posed by circulating viruses in wild birds, such as feral pigeons, and emphasise the importance of surveillance in wild bird populations for improved risk recognition and early detection of emerging threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5629889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis for the First Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Japan in 2024","authors":"Yoko Hayama,&nbsp;Ryosuke Omori,&nbsp;Ryota Matsuyama,&nbsp;Sonoko Kondo,&nbsp;Emi Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Yuzu Kamata,&nbsp;Takehisa Yamamoto","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8488125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8488125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary emerging disease of cattle and water buffaloes that threatens the livestock industry globally. Japan experienced its first outbreak in November 2024. This study aimed to describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of this outbreak and estimate the transmissibility using a mathematical model for within-farm transmission. The first and second cases were confirmed on dairy farms in Itoshima City, Fukuoka Prefecture, southern Japan, on November 6, 2024. Twenty-two farms were confirmed during this outbreak, with 17 cases in Itoshima City and the other two municipalities in Fukuoka Prefecture. The third case occurred in Kumamoto Prefecture on November 8, 2024, and was linked to the long-distance movement of potentially infected cattle via the livestock market from the first case on October 18, 2024. Two additional cases were detected near the third case. Control measures included isolation and voluntary culling of infected cattle; voluntary movement restrictions on infected, suspected, and apparently healthy cattle on the same premises; and voluntary suspension of the raw milk and semen shipments from infected and suspected animals. These measures were voluntary; however, no violations were reported. Vector control was achieved with insecticides and insect-proof netting. Voluntary vaccination was conducted within a 20 km radius of affected farms in Fukuoka Prefecture. Mathematical modeling of within-farm transmission dynamics revealed a transmission rate of 0.0031 (95% CI: 0.002–0.0044) per day. The basic reproduction number was 3.51 (95% CI: 2.26–4.98) based on a herd size of 49 and an infectious period of 23.1 days. Although the outbreak was geographically limited, this study highlights key epidemiological features of LSD, including its high transmission rate and long-distance transmission via cattle movement. Japan has a persisting LSD virus (LSDV)incursion risk due to recent outbreaks in Asia. Strengthening preparedness, including awareness among farmers and veterinarians, emergency vaccination plans, vector control, traceability, and quarantine protocols for cattle movement, is essential to mitigate future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8488125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of the Two Major Brucella species in Mediterranean Basin Countries","authors":"Atef Oreiby,&nbsp;Hazim O. Khalifa,&nbsp;Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid,&nbsp;Mohamed Borham,&nbsp;Ayman S. Seada,&nbsp;Ragab M. Fereig,&nbsp;Robert Barigye,&nbsp;Gobena Ameni,&nbsp;Arve Lee Willingham,&nbsp;Yamen Hegazy","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2502968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2502968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of brucellosis major causative bacteria <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella melitensis</i> is complicating human treatment strategies in the Mediterranean basin, where the disease was first reported and is still endemic. The current meta-analysis examines the prevalence and patterns of AMR in 119 <i>Brucella abortus</i> and 1344 <i>Brucella melitensis</i> isolates across Mediterranean countries, highlighting significant geographical disparities in resistance data. The E-test and disc diffusion were mostly used for measuring antimicrobial susceptibility, which was validated by the CLSI guidelines of <i>Haemophilus</i> spp. or bacteria of bioterrorism. Genotypic detection of resistance was conducted in a few studies. Despite the documented burden of brucellosis, studies on AMR remain scarce, particularly in North Africa, the Middle East, and several European Mediterranean nations. Comparative phenotypic–genotypic resistograms were reported in only a few studies, yet they are essential for understanding the mechanisms of AMR in this serious zoonotic pathogen. The analysis revealed a high overall AMR proportion (32%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16%–51%) with considerable heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 97%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Notable differences in resistance were observed between regions, with African Mediterranean countries exhibiting the highest resistance rates (71%, 95% CI: 44%–94%) and European Mediterranean countries the lowest (9%, 95% CI: 0%–42%). Eastern Mediterranean countries exhibited higher resistance rates than their western counterparts (<i>p</i> = 0.11). <i>Brucella abortus</i> showed higher resistance (63%, 95% CI: 25%–95%) than <i>Brucella melitensis</i> (24%, 95% CI: 8%–43%). Isolates of bovine origin displayed the highest percentage of resistance (89%, 95% CI: 69%–100%) compared to isolates of other origins. Resistance to rifampicin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was generally low, but macrolide resistance, especially to azithromycin, was notably higher in African countries (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). This study underscores the need for standardized AMR surveillance based on Brucella-specific validation criteria, which are lacking, improved testing methodologies, and region-specific interventions to address AMR in brucellosis, particularly in livestock, where resistance is more prevalent. The findings highlight the importance of targeted antibiotic stewardship and monitoring to mitigate the spread of resistant Brucella strains and protect public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2502968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiplex TaqMan-MGB qPCR Assay for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Four Waterfowl Parvoviruses (cGPV, MDPV, MDGPV, and SBDSV)","authors":"Min Zheng,&nbsp;Dandan Jiang,&nbsp;Shifeng Xiao,&nbsp;Shao Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Cheng,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhu,&nbsp;Xiuqin Chen,&nbsp;Meiqing Huang,&nbsp;Shaoying Chen,&nbsp;Shilong Chen","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9999490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9999490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waterfowl parvoviruses (WPVs), including classical goose parvovirus (cGPV), Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), Muscovy duck-origin goose parvovirus (MDGPV), and short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV), are significant pathogens that affect waterfowl flocks worldwide. Due to their high genetic similarity and frequent coinfections, rapid and accurate differentiation of these viruses remains challenging. In this study, we developed a multiplex TaqMan-minor groove binder (MGB) real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of cGPV, MDPV, MDGPV, and SBDSV. Specific primers and TaqMan-MGB probes were designed based on sequence alignments of the VP gene. This assay exhibited high specificity, with no cross-reactivity to other main waterfowl viruses. The detection limits of this assay were 10² copies/μL for cGPV, 10¹ copies/μL for MDPV, 10² copies/μL for MDGPV, and 10³ copies/μL for SBDSV, respectively. The standard curves exhibited strong linearity (R²≥0.995) and high amplification efficiency (89%–108%), with intra- and interassay coefficients of variation below 2.0%, indicating high repeatability and stability. Clinical testing of 337 clinical samples suspected of WPV infection demonstrated that the developed assay outperformed conventional PCR, achieving higher overall detection rates (58% vs 54%) and enhanced identification of coinfections. Epidemiological analysis revealed MDGPV as the predominant circulating strain in Muscovy ducks, with 27 samples identified as coinfected with both MDGPV and MDPV, while SBDSV showed higher prevalence in mule ducks and Pekin ducks. Notably, MDGPV was detected for the first time in goslings. These findings provide clear evidence of ongoing host restriction and potential cross-species transmission of WPVs among duck flocks. In conclusion, the multiplex TaqMan-MGB quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay developed in this study provides a rapid, sensitive, and reliable tool for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of cGPV, MDPV, MDGPV, and SBDSV. Its application is expected to enhance disease surveillance, facilitate outbreak control, and contribute to more effective control of waterfowl parvoviral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9999490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Co-Infection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Enhances the Disease Severity in Piglets”","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9782932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9782932","url":null,"abstract":"<p>H. Zhang, F. Han, X. Shu et al., “Co-Infection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Enhances the Disease Severity in Piglets,” <i>Transboundary and Emerging Diseases</i>, 2021, vol. 69: 1715–1726, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.14144.</p><p>In the article, there is an error in Figure 5b, introduced during the preparation of the figure. Specifically, the PDCoV and PEDV treated Ileum tissue panels contain repeated elements. The correct Figure 5b is shown below:</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9782932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization Reveals Recombination and Host Exchange of Adenoviruses in Migratory Birds in China","authors":"Jie Li,&nbsp;Xiaofang Ma,&nbsp;Ru Jia,&nbsp;Shanrui Wu,&nbsp;Yisong Li,&nbsp;Lan Wang,&nbsp;Yeshun Fan,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Dianfeng Chu,&nbsp;Yihua Wang,&nbsp;Guogang Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3030377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3030377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory birds, because of their migration and roosting characteristics, can serve as major vectors for long-distance transmission, recombination, and evolution of adenoviruses. China is one of the countries possessing the widest variety of birds in the world, with the global migration routes covering almost the entire territory. However, avian adenoviruses haven’t been systematically studied. In the current study, PCR-based molecular methods were used to characterize the adenoviruses in 38 migratory bird species from nine provinces in China from October 2020 to March 2021. Aviadenoviruses (11.4%, 79/690) were predominantly detected, followed by siadenoviruses (6.2%, 43/690) and barthadenoviruses (1.3%, 9/690). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated about half of the aviadenoviruses clustered with Duck adenovirus 2, revealing potential association with poultry animals. A high portion (67.2%, 88/131) of the DNA polymerase sequences had &lt;85% identity to any known sequences, indicating the potential presence of novel species, particularly in bar-headed goose where adenoviruses of all three genera were detected for the first time. The clustering of adenovirus sequences from different birds and regions in the same branch of the phylogenetic analysis suggested their close genetic relationships, indicating the transmission of adenoviruses across bird species. Host exchange and recombination events were observed, which might reflect the plasticity of these viruses and the mechanism for the emergence of novel viruses. The prevalence and characteristics of the adenoviruses in migratory birds demonstrated the wide distribution of novel adenovirus species and possible transmission between wild birds and domestic animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3030377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology, Lineage Evolutionary Dynamics, and Antigenic Variation Analysis of Type II PRRSV in China During 2024–2025","authors":"Dihua Zhu,&nbsp;Guangyu Liu,&nbsp;Huixin Li,&nbsp;Fen Li,&nbsp;Xiaolong Xu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Fu,&nbsp;Pandan Chen,&nbsp;Guihong Zhang,&nbsp;Yankuo Sun","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2054759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2054759","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) represents one of the major threats to the global swine industry, with its rapid evolution and antigenic variation posing persistent challenges to disease control. Based on 328 clinical samples collected from PRRSV symptomatic (respiratory disorders, reproductive failures, and high fever) pigs across 27 provinces in China during 2024–2025, this study employed open reading frame (ORF) 5 gene sequencing, complete genome sequencing of representative strains from key lineages (including a rapidly spreading NADC30-like Lineage 1.8 strain, a vaccine-related Lineage 8.7 strain, and a genetically distinct Lineage 3 strain), phylogenetic analysis, transmission dynamics analysis, intrahost single nucleotide variant (iSNV) analysis, and recombination detection to systematically reveal the molecular epidemiological characteristics and evolutionary dynamics of type II PRRSV currently circulating in China. The results demonstrated a complex pattern of coexistence among five major lineages of type II PRRSV in China, including Lineage 1.5, Lineage 1.8, Lineage 3, Lineage 5, and Lineage 8.7, with Lineage 1.8 emerging as the predominant circulating strain (48.5% of positive samples), followed by Lineage 1.5 (23.2%), while Lineages 3, 5, and 8.7 showed more restricted geographical distribution. Spatial transmission analysis identified Guangdong and Henan as key transmission nodes, forming “viral exchange centers” connecting northern and southern regions, while Hubei, Shanxi, and Jiangsu have become new viral aggregation sites. Genetic diversity analysis revealed high haplotype diversity (Hd) across all lineages except Lineage 5, with Lineage 5 showing a remarkable 106.6% increase in nucleotide diversity within 1 year, indicating rapid adaptive evolution. Tajima’s D test results revealed negative values for most lineages, with Lineage 5 and 8.7 reaching statistical significance, suggesting these viral populations have undergone recent population expansion or directional selection. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis based on genetic distance revealed a potential antigenic divergence between the predominant circulating lineages (1.8 and 3) and current vaccine strains, which may compromise vaccine efficacy. In-depth analysis of three representative genomes revealed complex recombination patterns involving vaccine-related strains and identified the ORF2-ORF3 region as a potential recombination hotspot. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of type II PRRSV in China and offer important references for formulating targeted control strategies and optimizing vaccine design, which has significant value for ensuring the healthy development of China’s swine industry in the post-African swine fever era.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2054759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}