Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Cattle From Northeast China","authors":"Qile Yu,&nbsp;Sining Chen,&nbsp;Xichen Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Zhao,&nbsp;Mengfei Xu,&nbsp;Jianhua Li,&nbsp;Pengtao Gong,&nbsp;Xiaocen Wang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6148130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6148130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. and <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> (<i>G. duodenalis</i>) are zoonotic and gastrointestinal parasites infecting humans and animals. This study investigated the prevalence and subtypes of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>G. duodenalis</i> in cattle from six farms across three provinces and one autonomous region in northeast China. Fecal samples (<i>n</i> = 495) were detected using PCR-based methods: <i>Cryptosporidium</i> was genotyped via PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (<i>SSU</i> rRNA) gene, and <i>G. duodenalis</i> assemblages were identified through multilocus sequence typing of the <i>β</i>-giardin (<i>bg</i>), glutamate dehydrogenase (<i>gdh</i>), and triose phosphate isomerase (<i>tpi</i>) genes. Overall infection rates were 44.44% (220/495) for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and 39.39% (195/495) for <i>G. duodenalis</i>. Age-related trends showed <i>Cryptosporidium</i> prevalence peaked in preweaned calves (63.29%, 50/79), whereas the highest prevalence rate of <i>G. duodenalis</i> infections (53.66%, 66/123) was observed in calves aged 3–11 months. Four <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species (<i>C. parvum</i>, <i>C. bovis</i>, <i>C. ryanae</i>, and <i>C. andersoni</i>) and coinfections involving two or three <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species were identified. Based on 60-kilodalton glycoprotein (<i>gp60</i>) gene of <i>C. parvum</i>, three subtypes (IIdA19G1, IIdA24G2, and IIdA21G1) were identified. Subtype IIdA21G1 was reported for the first time in cattle, with its initial detection occurring in China. For <i>G. duodenalis</i>, assemblages A and E were identified in all four areas, with 13 assemblage E multilocus genotypes (MLGs), one assemblage A MLG, and eight mixed (A + E) MLGs detected. Our findings revealed a novel genetic subtype of <i>C. parvum</i> in China, and the high prevalence of both <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>G. duodenalis</i> suggested an increased zoonotic risk that deserved more attention.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6148130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Study Reveals Decades of PCV4 Circulation in Spain","authors":"Rocío Holgado-Martín,&nbsp;Luis Gómez,&nbsp;David Risco,&nbsp;Remigio Martínez,&nbsp;Alfredo García-Sánchez,&nbsp;Matteo Legnardi,&nbsp;Giovanni Franzo","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9326570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9326570","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was first identified in China in 2019 and retrospectively traced back to 2008. However, unlike other circoviruses, its distribution appeared to be largely confined to Asian countries until recent reports from Spain and the United States. This study aims to enhance knowledge of the past and present circulation of PCV4 in non-Asian countries, particularly in Spain and in wild boars, where it was previously detected at a significant prevalence. By genetically characterizing the strains, the contextualization within both national and international epidemiological frameworks was attempted. A total of 302 lymph node samples were tested, with 62 testing positives by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), predominantly from the 2011 to 2015 period, although five positives were detected in the 2022–2024. Complete open reading frame 2 (ORF2) sequences were obtained from 10 strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters: one comprising only Chinese sequences and another containing strains from multiple continents, including Spain and the United States. The Spanish strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade whose introduction in the country was estimated through phylodynamic analyses around 2000, suggesting long-term undetected circulation. Within Spain, a progressive geographical spread and strain exchange between wild boars and outdoor reared domestic pigs could be inferred. On the other hand, the lack of detection in intensively raised pigs, at least in Europe, remains unclear. The present findings extend the current knowledge of PCV4 history outside Asia and challenge the paradigm of a recent international spreading. Recognizing the current uncertainties in PCV4’s international distribution and epidemiology, further efforts are needed, including the use of archived samples in diagnostic activities as well as the sharing of negative results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9326570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Dirofilaria repens and Mansonella llewellyni in the United States by Wolbachia Surveillance","authors":"Charlotte O. Moore,&nbsp;Cynthia Robveille,&nbsp;Barbara Qurollo,&nbsp;Edward B. Breitschwerdt","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2778610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2778610","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In mammals, detection of <i>Wolbachia</i> bacteria can be used to diagnose filarial infection, while antibiotic treatment to eliminate <i>Wolbachia</i> can assist in eliminating filarial infections. Because <i>Wolbachia</i> are necessary for survival of several filarioids and closely related to <i>Anaplasma</i> and <i>Ehrlichia</i>, we analyzed <i>Wolbachia</i> DNA amplification by <i>Anaplasma/Ehrlichia</i> qPCR, from 39,526 domestic and wildlife animal blood samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory between 2017 and 2023. Filarial infection was confirmed by 28S gene amplification, followed by phylogenetic analysis utilizing filarial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (<i>cox1</i>), myosin heavy chain (<i>myoHC</i>), and 70 kilodalton heat shock protein (<i>hsp70</i>) gene sequencing. <i>Wolbachia</i> DNA was detected in 57 domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>) and three raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) from 23 states and Puerto Rico. A majority of the <i>Wolbachia</i> sequences from dogs were <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>-associated (89%, 51/57), whereas DNA from other <i>Wolbachia</i> were associated with insects (9%, 5/57) or <i>Dirofilaria repens</i> (2%, 1/57). <i>D. immitis</i> infection was confirmed by 28S filarial PCR for all samples with <i>D. immitis</i>-associated <i>Wolbachia</i> available for testing (<i>n</i> = 41). <i>D. repens</i> infection was confirmed by 28S and <i>cox1</i> PCR in the dog infected with <i>D. repens</i>-associated <i>Wolbachia</i>. This dog was originally imported from Slovakia. The <i>Wolbachia</i> DNA amplified from raccoons most closely aligned with <i>Wolbachia</i> from <i>Mansonella ozzardi</i> (98.9%). 28S filarial, <i>cox1</i>, <i>myoHC</i>, and <i>hsp70</i> sequencing did not align with currently available GenBank sequences but did align with <i>Mansonella</i>. Morphologically, microfilariae from additional raccoons were consistent with <i>Mansonella llewellyni</i>. Molecular surveillance for <i>Wolbachia</i> in wildlife and domestic animals has the potential to identify novel filarial species in the United States, including zoonotic species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2778610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Genes in Staphylococcus aureus From Humans and Animals in Veterinary Clinics Across Thailand","authors":"Shutipen Buranasinsup,&nbsp;Anuwat Wiratsudakul,&nbsp;Sarin Suwanpakdee,&nbsp;Sineenard Jiemtaweeboon,&nbsp;Khuanwalai Maklon,&nbsp;Walasinee Sakcamduang,&nbsp;Boonrat Chantong","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5541655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5541655","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) poses critical public health challenges by limiting treatment efficacy and elevating morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of AMR in <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from humans (veterinarians, veterinary assistants, and pet owners) and animals (dogs and cats) in veterinary clinics across five provinces in Thailand. A total of 882 samples were collected from which 188 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were recovered and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistance gene detection.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> Substantial variations in AMR profiles were observed across host categories, with veterinarians and veterinary assistants exhibiting higher resistance rates than pet owners. The β-lactam resistance gene <i>bla</i>Z was prevalent in all groups, whereas <i>mec</i>A was predominantly detected in veterinarians and dogs, emphasizing the occupational risk and zoonotic transmission potential. The aminoglycoside resistance gene <i>aac</i>A<i>–aph</i>D was common in cats, and quinolone resistance genes <i>gyr</i>A and <i>grl</i>A were identified in veterinarians and dogs. Macrolide resistance genes <i>msr</i>A and <i>erm</i>A, lincosamide resistance gene <i>lin</i>A, and tetracycline resistance gene <i>tet</i>K were widely distributed across the groups. <i>Agr</i> typing of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates revealed diverse group distributions, with <i>agr</i> group I was predominant in human samples and associated with the highest AMR gene expression, while <i>agr</i> group III was most prevalent in animal samples and also exhibited elevated AMR gene expression within that group.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study underscored the diverse distribution of AMR genes, with veterinarians and veterinary assistants facing higher occupational risks. The findings highlighted the importance of integrated antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance within a One Health framework to mitigate the spread of AMR in veterinary and community settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5541655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand Fly Fauna and Prevalence of Leishmania spp. in a Newly Investigated Area of Northern Italy: Emerging Epidemiological Scenarios?","authors":"Alessandro Alvaro,&nbsp;Giulia Maria Cattaneo,&nbsp;Fabio Bigoni,&nbsp;Lorenzo Sanchez-Ruiz,&nbsp;Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan,&nbsp;Domenico Otranto,&nbsp;Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi,&nbsp;Paolo Gabrieli,&nbsp;Claudio Bandi,&nbsp;Sara Epis","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4426385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4426385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Since the 1990s, cases of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) due to <i>Leishmania infantum</i> have risen in northern Italy due to dog translocation and movement as well as for climate-driven sand fly population growth. In this geographical region, for a long time regarded as non-endemic for CanL, <i>L. infantum</i> is generally transmitted by the sand flies of the genus <i>Phlebotomus</i>. Other sand flies, such as <i>Sergentomyia minuta</i>, have been less investigated, also because they were only considered as vectors of the nonpathogenic herpetophilic <i>Leishmania tarentolae</i>. Our study investigates sand fly species composition and <i>Leishmania</i> spp. prevalence in hilly areas of northern Italy, in the Bergamo district. Sand flies were sampled with both sticky and light traps. Common wall lizards <i>Podarcis muralis</i> have been captured in the same areas, for the collection of biological samples: blood, feces, tissues, and gut-associated secretions. Sand flies were identified morphologically (males) and molecularly (females). The collected samples were tested for the presence of <i>Leishmania</i> spp. via conventional and digital droplet PCR. Our study reports the presence of <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i>, <i>Phlebotomus neglectus</i>, and <i>S. minuta</i> in the investigated area. We report the first detection of <i>L. tarentolae</i>, a <i>Sauroleishmania</i> species, in northern Italy, in both sand fly vectors (<i>S. minuta</i>, <i>P. perniciosus</i>, and <i>P. neglectus</i>) and reptile hosts. Additionally, <i>L. infantum</i> DNA was detected, for the first time, in sand flies and reptiles in the district, spatially overlapping with previously reported local CanL cases. Our study reported the presence of three sand fly species in the Bergamo district, a <i>Sauroleishmania</i> species (the first record in northern Italy), and the occurrence of <i>L. infantum</i>. We emphasize the importance of including both <i>S. minuta</i> sand flies and synanthropic reptiles in leishmaniasis screenings for a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4426385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of a PRRSV Strain Recombined From Two Modified-Live Virus Vaccines and Its Elimination From a Breeding Herd","authors":"Giovani Trevisan,&nbsp;Joel Sparks,&nbsp;Michael Zeller,&nbsp;Hao Tong,&nbsp;Ganwu Li,&nbsp;Jianqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Phillip C. Gauger,&nbsp;Christopher Rademacher,&nbsp;Rodger Main,&nbsp;Ana Paula Poeta Silva,&nbsp;Daniel C. L. Linhares","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5770608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5770608","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most challenging diseases for swine production. The PRRS virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus that replicates via an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) mechanism, which is prone to high mutation rates. Recombinations are characterized by the exchange of genetic material across two or more viruses. Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines produce an immune response to PRRSV after replicating in pigs, similar to natural exposure. Here, we report the emergence of an MLV-like recombinant strain, its associated production impact, and its disappearance trajectory from a breeding herd. The emergent virus was identified and successfully eliminated from a 9248-sow breed-to-wean herd. Accidental usage of two distinct MLVs in the herd led to the recombination and emergence of a new strain. The clinical presentation was mild compared to current wild-type strains, with the associated production loss amounting to 549 weaned piglets per 1000 sows. Production levels returned to normal within 7 weeks. Transitory, no significative production loss in the wean-to-market phase was identified. Immunization of the herd and tightening of biosecurity and biocontainment practices were able to eliminate the virus from the herd, without evidence of broad regional spread.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5770608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Identification of Multiple Peptides Homologous to the Fusion Glycoprotein Gc of Schmallenberg Virus Able to Inhibit Viral Infection","authors":"Carla Zannella,&nbsp;Rinaldo Grazioso,&nbsp;Annalisa Chianese,&nbsp;Valentina Iovane,&nbsp;Biagio Santella,&nbsp;Serena Montagnaro,&nbsp;Giuseppe Greco,&nbsp;Ugo Pagnini,&nbsp;Gianluigi Franci,&nbsp;Anna De Filippis,&nbsp;Giuseppe Iovane,&nbsp;Carla Isernia,&nbsp;Massimiliano Galdiero","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1600862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1600862","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Arthropod-borne viruses have been responsible for several emerging infections, causing a global issue in both human and veterinary fields. Within the Orthobunyaviruses, a novel and major member is the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) first detected in central Europe in 2011, and soon after was able to spread all over the continent by causing severe infection in ruminants, leading to abortion and congenital malformations. The viral particle is surrounded by a membrane in which two glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) mediate the entry, mainly through the class II fusion protein Gc, but this event requires the presence of Gn. Therefore, Gn and Gc may represent a target for antiviral development. In our study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect mediated by overlapping peptides designed on the amino acid sequences of Gc and Gn and spanning their entire length. A brute analysis of both glycoproteins was performed to explore the inhibitory effect of such peptides against SBV infection. Five out of 63 Gc peptides at a concentration of 100 μM reached 50% of inhibition and, interestingly, they are mainly distributed near the C-terminal domain. None of the 20 Gn peptides inhibited the infection, and no peptide toxicity was observed. Our findings could identify new putative domains, located at the C-terminal of Gc, in the process of SBV penetration; therefore, these results are relevant to the potential development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of SBV infections and could serve as a model for many human pathogens belonging to the same family.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1600862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Evaluation of Quadruple-Gene-Deleted Pseudorabies Virus Platforms for ASFV Antigen Delivery","authors":"Hui Li,&nbsp;Ruhai Guo,&nbsp;Yanqing Jia,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Zishan Liu,&nbsp;WenLi Shi,&nbsp;Ruochen Hu,&nbsp;YiNing Zhang,&nbsp;Saba Nasir,&nbsp;Likang Han,&nbsp;Xinxin Qiu,&nbsp;Xinglong Wang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3628600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3628600","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly lethal viral disease in swine. The emergence and rapid spread of African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) in China, since 2018 have caused significant economic losses to the pig farming industry. The complexity of ASFV has impeded the development of effective vaccines, and with no commercial vaccines currently available in China, highlighting the urgent need for safe and efficacious vaccine candidates. In this study, we utilized a highly immunogenic quadruple-gene-deleted recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) strain (rPRV SX-10ΔUL24/TK/gI/gE) as a vector to construct two recombinant viral strains expressing ASFV p54, p72, CD2v, and pp62 proteins using the HDR-CRISPR/Cas9 system. These strains, rPRV-p54+p72 and rPRV-CD2v+pp62, demonstrated stable genetic characteristics and efficiently expressed and delivered heterologous proteins while maintaining biological properties similar to their parental strain. Safety evaluation revealed that both recombinant strains exhibited favorable safety profiles in immunized mice and piglets. Furthermore, the strains induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, as evidenced by specific antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lymphocyte proliferation assays, and analysis of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. These findings suggest that rPRV-p54+p72 and rPRV-CD2v+pp62 are promising bivalent vaccine candidates for protecting against both PRV and ASFV infections.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3628600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meteorological, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Factors Influencing Human Brucellosis Occurrence in Yunnan, China, 2006–2021: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Modeling Study","authors":"Ke Li,&nbsp;Jidan Zhang,&nbsp;Binbin Yu,&nbsp;Michael P. Ward,&nbsp;Mengxin Liu,&nbsp;Yuanhua Liu,&nbsp;Zengliang Wang,&nbsp;Zhuohang Chen,&nbsp;Wenjin Li,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Yu Zhao,&nbsp;Xiangdong Yang,&nbsp;Fuping Yang,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Zhijie Zhang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8872434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8872434","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Background:</b> Brucellosis epidemics in Yunnan Province in southern China have increased and caused more impact in recent years. However, the epidemiological characteristics and driving factors for brucellosis have not been clearly described. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and potential factors for human brucellosis (HB) in Yunnan Province, 2006–2021.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> HB data were obtained from the China National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System. Global spatial autocorrelation and spatial scanning statistics were used to analyze the spatial patterns of brucellosis. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) Bayesian spatiotemporal models were applied to the analysis of potential risk factors, including environmental, meteorological, and socioeconomic factors.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Findings:</b> Between 2006 and 2021, a total of 2794 brucellosis cases were reported. The central and western regions were the most severely affected. GDP showed a positive correlation with brucellosis risk when in the range 0–30.9 billion RMB, peaking with a relative risk (RR) of 13.64 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 4.10, 49.10) at around 2.3 billion RMB. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed for GDP between 101 and 135 billion RMB, with the RR dropping to 0.14 (95% BCI: 0.01, 0.89) at 135 billion RMB. Brucellosis cases increased by 4.90% (95% BCI: 1.82%, 7.95%) per 1°C increase in temperature, while a 1° increase in slope reduced cases by 17.06% (95% BCI: 4.01%, 28.81%).</p>\u0000 <p><b>Interpretation:</b> Our findings suggest that socioeconomic factors play the greatest role in the occurrence of brucellosis in both northern and southern China; however, the effects of the environmental factors may be different between these areas. Differences in factors affecting each region need to be fully considered, and brucellosis prevention and control need to be adapted to these differences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8872434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Field and Genomic Epidemiology Methods to Investigate Transmission Networks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in Domestic Poultry in British Columbia, Canada (2022–2023)","authors":"Krista Howden,&nbsp;Shannon K. French,&nbsp;Manon Racicot,&nbsp;Anthony V. Signore,&nbsp;Caitlyn Best,&nbsp;Jacklyn Perrey,&nbsp;Troy Bourque,&nbsp;Yohannes Berhane","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4099285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4099285","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus A (H5N1) was first detected in North America in 2021. Ongoing spillover events from wild to domestic birds and subsequent transmission between domestic birds resulted in Canada’s largest recorded epidemic of HPAI. Between December 2021 and April 2024, 422 A (H5N1) outbreaks in domestic birds were confirmed in Canada. Of these, 158 (37%) occurred in British Columbia (BC). This study integrates field and genomic epidemiology (GE) results to investigate the potential for lateral or local spread between infected poultry farms in BC. Five genetically distinct viral clusters were identified during this period. Among the 31 noncommercial premises, 27 (87.1%) were classified as independent introductions, while four premises (12.9%) were attributed to local spread within 10 km of a phylogenetically connected infected premises (IP). No lateral spread events were identified among noncommercial premises. All infected noncommercial premises housed birds with outdoor access, emphasizing their susceptibility to wild bird exposure. Of the 127 infected commercial poultry premises, 21 (16.5%) were classified as independent introductions, 82 (64.6%) as local spread, 18 (14.2%) with potential for lateral spread, five (3.9%) with potential for both local and/or lateral spread, and one (0.8%) for which sequencing was unavailable. Local spread emerged as a prominent feature, with most IP in proximity to one another having genetically similar viruses. Results suggest that proximity (&lt;200 m) to an IP was a more reliable predictor of future infection status than contact with an IP. These findings underscore the critical value of combining field and GE to understand outbreak dynamics comprehensively. This integrative approach improves resource allocation, informs targeted containment strategies, and supports the need for effective biosecurity measures to mitigate future risks, particularly in densely populated poultry production regions. Robust interventions are needed to address both independent introductions and secondary spread pathways.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4099285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}