Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Bolivia: Simulation-Based Assessment of Control Strategies and Vaccination Requirements","authors":"Nicolas C. Cardenas,&nbsp;Diego Viali dos Santos,&nbsp;Daniel Magalhães Lima,&nbsp;Hernán Oliver Daza Gutierrez,&nbsp;Daniel Rodney Gareca Vaca,&nbsp;Gustavo Machado","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9055612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9055612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Examining the dissemination dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is critical for revising national response plans. We developed a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) metapopulation model to simulate FMD outbreaks in Bolivia and explore how the national response plan impacts the dissemination among all susceptible species. We explored variations in the control strategies, mapped high-risk areas, and estimated the number of vaccinated animals during the reactive ring vaccination. Initial outbreaks ranged from 1 to 357 infected farms, with control measures implemented for up to 100 days, including control zones, a 30-day movement ban, depopulation, and ring vaccination. Combining vaccination (50–90 farms/day) and depopulation (1–2 farms/day) controlled 60.3% of outbreaks, while similar vaccination but higher depopulation rates (3–5 farms/day) controlled 62.9% and eliminated outbreaks 9 days faster. Utilizing depopulation alone controlled 56.76% of outbreaks, but had a significantly longer median duration of 63 days. Combining vaccination (25–45 farms/day) and depopulation (6–7 farms/day) was the most effective approach, eliminating all outbreaks within a median of 3 days (with a maximum of 79 days). Vaccination alone controlled only 0.6% of outbreaks and had a median duration of 98 days. Ultimately, results showed that the most effective strategy involved ring vaccination combined with depopulation, requiring a median of 925,338 animals to be vaccinated. Outbreaks were most frequent in high-density farming areas, such as Potosí, Cochabamba, and La Paz. Our results suggest that emergency ring vaccination alone cannot eliminate FMD if reintroduced in Bolivia, and combining depopulation with vaccination significantly shortens the outbreak duration. These findings provide valuable insights to inform Bolivia’s national FMD response plan, including vaccine requirements and the role of depopulation in controlling outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9055612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astragalus Polysaccharide Nanoemulsion: A Promising Adjuvant for Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus-Like Particle Vaccines","authors":"Xiaoni Shi,&nbsp;Zhidong Teng,&nbsp;Kun Yang,&nbsp;Hetao Song,&nbsp;Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Shuzhen Tan,&nbsp;Hu Dong,&nbsp;Shiqi Sun,&nbsp;Yaozhong Ding,&nbsp;Huichen Guo","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6693841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6693841","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vaccine immunization is the most cost-effective way for preventing infectious diseases, and the development of safe and effective adjuvants is crucial for ensuring vaccine efficacy. Due to the advantages of high safety profile, excellent stability, and significant immune-enhancing properties, nanoemulsions have become widely used adjuvants in animal vaccines. In this study, a novel astragalus polysaccharide nanoemulsion (APSN) was developed using pseudo-ternary phase diagram method combined with phase inversion technique. The resulting nanoemulsion exhibited a hydrated diameter of approximately 78.82 nm, with favorable stability and biocompatibility. A vaccine based on FMDV virus-like particles (VLPs) was formulated using APSN as an adjuvant and was used to immunize mice and pigs. Mouse immunization results demonstrated that APSN significantly enhanced the levels of specific antibodies, IgG1, IgG2a, IFN-γ, and IL-4 induced by FMDV VLPs. Comparing with ISA-206, immunization in pigs showed that APSN paired with FMDV VLPs induced higher levels of specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, IL-1β, IL-4, and IFN-γ. The above results indicate that APSN is a new type of nanoemulsion adjuvant with strong potential to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, contributing valuable insights to the development of nanoadjuvant-based vaccine formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6693841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Lodi, 2023 and Fano 2024, Italy Dengue Outbreaks: The Effects of Control Strategies and Environmental Extremes","authors":"Steven M. White,&nbsp;Sandeep Tegar,&nbsp;Bethan V. Purse,&nbsp;Christina A. Cobbold,&nbsp;Dominic P. Brass","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5542740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5542740","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autochthonous cases of dengue in Europe are increasing. In 2023 (Lodi province) and 2024 (Fano, Pesaro and Urbino province), Italy saw the largest modern dengue outbreaks to date. Public health measures were adopted to mitigate transmission. The efficacy of these measures is unknown. We model the 2023 and 2024 dengue outbreaks to estimate the likely date of introduction of the primary case and efficacy of control measures, exploring explanations for the patterns of dengue cases for the two outbreaks. We apply a climate-driven mathematical model for <i>Aedes albopictus</i> and dengue virus transmission to the 2023 and 2024 outbreaks, comparing outputs to case data. The model accurately predicts the initial timeline of the Lodi dengue outbreak (<i>R</i>² = 0.83), with a peak in cases in late August 2023, after which the control efforts reduced transmission. The model also accurately predicts the Fano dengue outbreak (<i>R</i>² = 0.65), showing an increase in cases, peaking in mid-September 2024, after which there was an abrupt fall in cases. Our results suggest this can be attributed to substantial rainfall, and that public health measures may have latterly prevented a second peak in cases. The high predictive and explanatory ability of the model when applied to the Lodi and Fano outbreaks indicates that this framework may be of high value for public health decision-making for predicting the frequency and magnitude of future dengue outbreaks when coupled with real-time case data.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5542740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Evidence of Spillover of Rocahepevirus ratti Into Humans in Thailand","authors":"Julie Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Gregory S. Orf,&nbsp;Lester J. Perez,&nbsp;Pakpoom Phoompoung,&nbsp;Srisakul Chirakarnjanakorn,&nbsp;Yupin Suputtamongkol,&nbsp;Gavin A. Cloherty,&nbsp;Michael G. Berg","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9954682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9954682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Rocahepevirus ratti</i> (hepatitis E virus [HEV]-C), originally discovered in rats in 2010, has been recently linked to hepatitis in humans. Although rare and typically detected in the immunocompromised, much like <i>Paslahepevirus balayani</i> (HEV-A), it can manifest as acute or persistent hepatitis. In a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based screen for causes of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Thailand, we assembled a complete <i>Rocahepevirus</i> (rat HEV [rHEV]) genome from a patient admitted to the hospital who developed abnormal liver functions 2–3 months after a heart transplant. Despite withdrawal of medications suspected of inducing hepatitis, he progressed from parenchymal liver disease to cirrhosis. The absence of other viral etiologies suggested rHEV may have been the cause of chronic hepatitis. Thailand strain Ma617-09869 is the sole human representative in a clade of genogroup C1 composed of sequences found in rats from Thailand and neighboring Southeast Asian countries, including Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Principal component analysis (PCA) of viral sequences indicates humans are incidental hosts and suggests that white bellied rats (<i>Niviventer</i> spp.) are the putative original host, with black and common rats (<i>Rattus</i> spp.) serving as the natural reservoir. While <i>Rocahepevirus</i> adaptation may not currently facilitate human-to-human transmission, specific diagnostics are needed to identify additional sequences and cases, not only to gain a better understanding of the biology of this virus, but also to assess the risk for continued evolution, virulence, and increased zoonotic events.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9954682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucella Infections in Camels and Abattoir Workers in the United Arab Emirates: One Health-Based Seroepidemiological and Molecular Insights","authors":"Gobena Ameni,&nbsp;Aboma Zewude,&nbsp;Berecha Bayissa,&nbsp;Abdallah A. Albizreh,&nbsp;Naeema Alhosani,&nbsp;Meera Saeed Alkalbani,&nbsp;Mohamed Moustafa Abdelhalim,&nbsp;Assem Sobhi Abdelazim,&nbsp;Rafeek Aroul Koliyan,&nbsp;Kaltham Kayaf,&nbsp;Mervat Mari Al Nuaimat,&nbsp;Robert Barigye,&nbsp;Balázs Ádám,&nbsp;Mohamud Sheek-Hussein,&nbsp;Guangzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Yassir Mohammed Eltahir,&nbsp;Markos Tibbo","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7748638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/7748638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brucellosis remains a critical zoonotic disease affecting livestock productivity and human health, especially in regions where intensive livestock husbandry is practiced. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), camels contribute economically and culturally through meat, milk, and racing, yet data on brucellosis in camels and its zoonotic risk remain limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular detection of <i>Brucella</i> species in camels and abattoir workers in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE. A total of 356 camels from 102 herds, 368 slaughter camels, and 86 abattoir workers were included. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was used for antibody detection, while species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeted <i>Brucella abortus</i>, <i>Brucella melitensis</i>, and <i>Brucella ovis</i> in seropositive samples. Herd-level seroprevalence was 10.8% (95% CI: 5.5%–18.5%) and significantly associated with herd size (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05). Animal seroprevalence was 5.9% (95% confidence level [CI]: 3.7%–8.9%) in field camels and 3.0% (95% CI: 1.51%–5.30%) in slaughtered camels. Seven abattoir workers (8.1%) were seropositive, with butchers at greater risk. By species, <i>B. ovis</i>, <i>B. abortus</i> and <i>B. melitensis</i> were detected in camels, while only <i>B. ovis</i> and <i>B. abortus</i> were in abattoir workers. These findings indicate ongoing zoonotic risks in abattoir settings and support integrated One Health surveillance and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7748638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Anthropic and Natural Events on Leishmaniasis Burden, Control Measures, and Public Health Importance","authors":"Ahmad Khosravi,&nbsp;Iraj Sharifi,&nbsp;Mehdi Bamorovat,&nbsp;Maryam Hakimi Parizi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sharifi,&nbsp;Setareh Agha Kuchak Afshari,&nbsp;Abbas Aghaei Afshar,&nbsp;Baharak Akhtardanesh,&nbsp;Elahe Mollaakbari,&nbsp;Mahsa Faramarzpour,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Shirzadi,&nbsp;Ali Khamesipour,&nbsp;Mehdi Mohebali","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7588132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/7588132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leishmaniasis is an important neglected disease among infectious diseases, which is highly affected by diverse adverse conditions. Due to the intricate nature of <i>Leishmania</i>, the impact of the disease remains significant. In this review, we aim to assess the role of these factors that influence disease trends and introduce preventive and control strategies, highlighting their importance in public health issues. Numerous influencing factors, such as trade and travel, civil unrest, migration, low socioeconomic status, peri-urban settlements, ecological changes, climate variations, and many other confounding factors, play significant roles in the transmission and distribution of leishmaniasis. On the other hand, inadequate infrastructure and disruptions in the health system services are closely linked with the incidence of leishmaniasis in vulnerable populations. These circumstances contribute to the alteration of vector and reservoir compositions, land degradation, agricultural setbacks, water scarcity, and livestock depletion, resulting in increased infectious and noninfectious disease conditions. In conclusion, significant anthropic and natural environmental changes have the potential to trigger leishmaniasis outbreaks in established endemic areas and lead to the emergence/reemergence of new foci in previously unaffected regions. Consequently, enhancing public health awareness, particularly in high-risk regions, along with implementing active and passive surveillance, ensuring early diagnosis, and providing timely and effective treatment for patients, are vital measures for controlling the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7588132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Detection and Genomic Characterization of Feline Orthopneumovirus From Domestic Cats in South Korea","authors":"Jonghyun Park,&nbsp;Seung-Chun Park,&nbsp;Choi-Kyu Park,&nbsp;Hye-Ryung Kim","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7077703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/7077703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Orthopneumoviruses have been found in humans and various animal hosts, including mice, cattle, dogs, and swine, in several countries, but have rarely been found in cats, with the only report being from the United States in 2010. This study is the first to detect feline orthopneumovirus (FPnV) in domestic cats in South Korea and the first to characterize the complete genomic sequence of the virus worldwide. FPnV was detected in 7 of 318 feline respiratory clinical samples, resulting in a detection rate of 2.2%. A complete genome sequence and a G gene sequence were successfully obtained from two FPnV-positive samples. Sequence analysis of these Korean FPnV strains (KFPnV-2201 and KFPnV-2202) showed the highest homology with the Korean swine orthopneumovirus (SOV) strain, KSOV-2201, which was recently identified in domestic pigs in South Korea. Surprisingly, KFPnVs showed relatively low homology with the FPnVs previously reported in the United States. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, FPnV strains previously reported in the United States were classified as genogroup 1, while two FPnV strains in Korea were classified as genogroup 2, along with four strains from the United States and Korea, and two canine orthopneumovirus (CPnV) strains in China. These results suggest that genetically diverse FPnV strains may be widely distributed globally, highlighting the need for continuous surveillance of the virus. Additionally, the high genetic homology among the viruses derived from different hosts, including cats, dogs, and pigs, suggests the possibility of cross-species transmission. These findings provide evidence that genetically diverse orthopneumoviruses are circulating in various animal hosts and that these viruses may be evolving through cross-species transmission. Therefore, further extensive studies are needed to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and genetic evolution of FPnV.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7077703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characteristics of Epidemiologically Successful Salmonella Enteritidis in Poland","authors":"Ewelina Kamińska,&nbsp;Magdalena Zając,&nbsp;Magdalena Skarżyńska,&nbsp;Anna Lalak,&nbsp;Katarzyna Bielińska,&nbsp;Pernille Gymoese,&nbsp;Dariusz Wasyl","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5598487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5598487","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since 2014, the long-term decreasing trend in human salmonellosis, caused mainly by the consumption of <i>Salmonella</i>-contaminated poultry products, has stagnated in the European Union (EU). As Poland has been the leading poultry meat producer in the EU since 2014, we analysed whole genome sequences of 275 <i>Salmonella</i> (<i>S</i>.) Enteritidis strains from the poultry food production chain (<i>n</i> = 216) and humans (<i>n</i> = 59) (2008–2019) to shed light on the genetic content and relatedness of the <i>S</i>. Enteritidis population in Poland. Most (99.3%) of the strains belonged to ST11. Overall, 5.8% of strains possessed at least one antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG), the most common being <i>qnrB19</i> (<i>n</i> = 9). Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) were observed in 46.9% of strains, and the most common mutation was <i>gyrA</i> (S83Y; <i>n</i> = 95). In 95.6% of strains, at least one plasmid replicon was detected, with the highest prevalence of IncFII(S)_1 (<i>n</i> = 263) and IncFIB(S)_1 (<i>n</i> = 262). The composition of <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenicity islands (SPIs) was uniform among 96.7% of strains carrying CS54, SPI-1-SPI-3, SPI-5, SPI-6, SPI-9, SPI-12 and SPI-14. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis revealed no apparent clustering based on source or year of isolation. None of the genetic determinants studied here seemed to trigger changes in <i>Salmonella</i> epidemiology. However, other factors, such as improvements in reporting and control, could influence infection trends and are, therefore, worth further elucidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5598487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Duck Orthoreovirus σA Protein Inhibits Interferon Signaling by Impeding STAT1/STAT2 Nuclear Translocation","authors":"Boyi Xu,&nbsp;Chenchen Jiang,&nbsp;Lei Di,&nbsp;Lan Zhou,&nbsp;Zhouyuan Wang,&nbsp;Yi Tang,&nbsp;Rendong Fang,&nbsp;Hongzhi Wang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8440800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8440800","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Novel duck orthoreovirus (NDRV) infection induces severe splenic necrosis and immunosuppression in ducks, leading to substantial economic losses in the duck farming industry. While the avian orthoreovirus (ARV) σA protein is known to exhibit interferon (IFN) antagonistic activity, whether NDRV possesses a similar function and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrates that NDRV not only counteracts the antiviral clearance effect of type I IFN (IFN-I) but also markedly suppresses IFN-mediated signal transduction. Further investigations revealed that the NDRV σA protein specifically inhibits IFN signaling and its associated antiviral effects by blocking the nuclear translocation of STAT1/STAT2, thereby, facilitating innate immune escape. This discovery elucidates for the first time a novel mechanism by which the NDRV σA protein regulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development of antiviral strategies targeting immune regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8440800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genomic Characterization of Two Different PRRSV-1 Strains Isolated From a Single Pig","authors":"Bangjun Gong,&nbsp;Jiahao Shi,&nbsp;Hu Xu,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Lirun Xiang,&nbsp;Zhenyang Guo,&nbsp;Jinhao Li,&nbsp;Siyu Zhang,&nbsp;Zixuan Feng,&nbsp;Haonan Kang,&nbsp;Xueli Zhang,&nbsp;Ziyu Song,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Jinmei Peng,&nbsp;Guohui Zhou,&nbsp;Chaoliang Leng,&nbsp;Kuan Zhao,&nbsp;Yan-Dong Tang,&nbsp;Huairan Liu,&nbsp;Tong-Qing An,&nbsp;Xuehui Cai,&nbsp;Zhi-Jun Tian,&nbsp;Hongliang Zhang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8260067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8260067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent studies have demonstrated that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) strains isolated from different farms in China have significant genomic heterogeneity, whereas strains from the same farm present a high degree of genomic similarity. In this study, primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to successfully isolate and characterize two different PRRSV-1 strains (designated TZJ3556-1 and TZJ3556-2) in a single pig from a farm in Shandong Province with a PRRSV-1 outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis based on ORF5 and complete genome sequences revealed that both TZJ3556-1 and TZJ3556-2 belong to the BJEU06-1-like subgroup. Nucleotide (nt) sequence alignment revealed that the pairwise genomic similarity between TZJ3556-1 and TZJ3556-2 was only 86.03%. Additionally, both strains exhibited the characteristic 5 (4+1) discontinuous amino acid (aa) deletion in the Nsp2 region. Recombination analysis revealed that TZJ3556-1 is one of the parental strains for the recombinant strain TZJ3556-2, contributing Nsp1β, partial Nsp2, partial ORF4, and ORF5-3’UTR genes. This study reports, for the first time, coinfection with multiple PRRSV-1 strains in a single pig and the emergence of an intrasubgroup recombinant strain within the BJEU06-1-like subgroup. The genetic diversity of PRRSV-1 strains in China is likely to become increasingly complex, and these strains may have overcome physical barriers between farms. The emergence of complex and diverse PRRSV-1 strains poses a serious challenge for the prevention and control of PRRS in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8260067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}