Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Functions of Posttranslational Modifications in Toxoplasma gondii and Their Potential as Drug Targets","authors":"Chenghuan Li,&nbsp;Xing-Quan Zhu,&nbsp;Qijun Chen","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8359440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8359440","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite. Currently, the effective drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis are mainly pyrimethamine and sulfonamide, but these drugs have high toxicity and side effects, so the search for new and effective drug targets is urgent. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are certain chemical groups that are covalently coupled to specific amino acids within a protein. Studies have shown that <i>T. gondii</i> expresses a variety of proteins that require PTMs to regulate the parasite’s response to extracellular stimuli and life cycle transitions at different developmental stages. In this review, we summarize and analyze the 14 PTMs that have been found in <i>T. gondii</i> proteins to date and their roles in <i>T. gondii</i> growth and development. In addition, we discuss the potential crosstalk between <i>T. gondii</i> PTMs at different stages and summarize the results of studies on inhibitors that target PTM regulatory factors. The aim is to further analyze the functions of PTMs in the development and pathogenesis of <i>T. gondii</i> and to lay the foundation for the search for new anti-<i>T. gondii</i> drug targets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8359440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances and Challenges in the Development and Delivery of Antiprotozoal Agents Against Trichomoniasis","authors":"Anna Jaromin,&nbsp;Agnieszka Zagórska,&nbsp;Josué de Moraes,&nbsp;Ben J. Boyd","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1051460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1051460","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>, represents a significant public health concern with transboundary implications. In males, trichomoniasis is often asymptomatic, whereas in females, the infection is a common cause of vaginal discharge. It is connected with multiple adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, damaging the health of millions of humans. This review describes the current treatment of <i>T. vaginalis</i> infection, including metronidazole (and its mechanism of action), tinidazole, and secnidazole. Here, we highlight the challenges to managing trichomoniasis, including mild or severe side effects of the drug and/or drug resistance. Furthermore, the review focuses also on drug repurposing and current promising drug targets. To emphasize the impact of nanocarriers on drug efficacy, we consolidated the published data on the activity of various drug delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and others against <i>T. vaginalis</i> as well as <i>Trichomonas gallinae</i> and <i>Trichomonas foetus</i>. The present work explores the recent advances in the quest for antiprotozoal agents against trichomoniasis while delving into the challenges that persist in this endeavor.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1051460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Domestic Ruminant Movement Patterns in a Transfrontier Region of North-Eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"Yusuf Bitrus Ngoshe,&nbsp;Jose Pablo Gomez-Vazquez,&nbsp;Eric Etter,&nbsp;Peter N. Thompson","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4507408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4507408","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Livestock movement patterns play a crucial role in animal and public health management, disease transmission and sustainable livestock farming. Understanding these patterns is vital for disease surveillance and preventing the spread of animal diseases.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Study Area:&lt;/b&gt; This study was conducted in the far north-eastern region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa, with Eswatini bordering to the west and Mozambique to the north. The study area is located at a wildlife–livestock interface and includes sections classified as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control zone. Animal and animal product movements within, into and out of the area are restricted by state veterinary-issued movement permits.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aims:&lt;/b&gt; The study aimed to quantitatively describe livestock movement characteristics within, into and out of the study area and identify potential hubs for disease transmission.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Study Design and Sampling Strategy:&lt;/b&gt; Data sources included official animal movement permit records (2015–2018) from the KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the data are obtained via face-to-face interviews with livestock traders (August to November 2020). Traders’ data were used to complement the interpretation of the permit dataset and to understand the livestock movement patterns, especially from the perspective of traders who operate from our study area. The permit data offered a detailed record of official livestock movements over multiple years, enabling us to identify the movement trends. In contrast, the face-to-face interviews provided real-time insights from traders regarding informal movement trends and disruptions not reflected in the permit data. The permit dataset was used to construct stratified animal movement networks by species using social network analysis (SNA), treating dip tanks (origins) and the destination locations (municipalities, districts or provinces) as two disjoint sets before being projected into a one-mode network. Bipartite-specific statistics were computed to compare the constructed networks.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 3598 movements between 2015 and 2018, representing 33,561 animals, were recorded from the permit datasets. Additional 74 movements representing 3296 animals occurred in the traders’ dataset in 2020. Of the total number of animals moved, 64% were directed outside the study area. Overall, the network analysis highlighted distinct movement patterns for cattle and goats, with Ndlondlweni and Phelandaba dip tanks as the key nodes facilitating animal movements. These are both dip tanks with high centrality and highly connected hubs, with the potential for facilitating the transmission of diseases to the entire province and other places.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These findings contribute to a better understanding of livestock trade and animal movement dynamics for effectiv","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4507408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Evolutionary Characterization of Bovine Coronavirus","authors":"Shanshan Qi,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Junwen Deng,&nbsp;Xinxian Wang,&nbsp;Yangxi Li,&nbsp;Jiaxing Sun,&nbsp;Qian Li,&nbsp;Shurui Yang,&nbsp;Gefen Yin,&nbsp;Yongneng Li,&nbsp;Junlong Bi","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5152361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5152361","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is endemic worldwide, causing gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in cattle, making it a topic of significant interest. The present study investigated the prevalence and evolutionary characterization of BCoV identified in Yunnan, China. The results indicated that the overall seroprevalence was 21.75% (65/285), with a higher rate (25.56%) in diarrhea samples than in healthy samples (15.24%). Meanwhile, PCR was used to detect BCoV pathogens in 616 fecal samples. The overall BCoVs positive rate in Yunnan was 28.73% (177/616), with diarrhea samples showing a higher rate (37.46%) compared to healthy samples (20.50%). The whole genomes of three BCoV strain were successfully amplified, namely, BCoV/YN1LC/2023, BCoV/YNZT/2023, and BCoV/YNLP/2023. These identified strains showed high homology to strains derived from calf diarrhea and respiratory samples than to the classical and vaccine strains. Sequence analyses revealed that seven consistent amino acid mutations in the S protein of three BCoV identified strains, including M¹¹/T, K¹¹⁵/D, N¹⁴⁶/I, D¹⁴⁸/G, L¹⁵⁴/F, N⁴⁹⁹/S, and N⁵⁰⁹/H. Additionally, mutations L⁵/P, N⁴⁹/T, and L³⁹²/I were observed in the HE protein, and mutations L⁵³/Q, M³⁸⁶/T, M³⁸⁷/I, S⁴²³/I, and Y⁴⁴¹/F were found in the N protein. Identified as a recombinant strain, the BCoV/YNLP/2023 displays a unique mutation S⁵⁰¹/F in the S protein, D⁶⁶/G in the HE protein, and the ²⁰⁶SRA²⁰⁸ deletion in the N protein. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the identified strains could be the predominant strains in Yunnan Province or even in Southwest China, demonstrating geographic clustering. These data highlight BCoV’s high prevalence and evolutionary characterization in Yunnan, China, providing valuable information for the effective prevention and control of BCoV in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5152361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and Sensitive Quantum Dots Immunochromatographic Strip for H10 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Detection","authors":"Jiamin Fu,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Linfang Cheng,&nbsp;Sijing Yan,&nbsp;Han Wu,&nbsp;Xiangyun Lu,&nbsp;Fumin Liu,&nbsp;Hangping Yao,&nbsp;Nanping Wu,&nbsp;Haibo Wu","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6289957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6289957","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The H10 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV), an important zoonotic pathogen, is widely prevalent in host species (wild fowl) and continues to infect humans, imposing a huge threat to public health. Thus, the H10 subtype AIV is considered a potential pandemic strain and has drawn the attention of scholars worldwide. Therefore, a fast, sensitive, and economical detection method for H10 subtype AIV needs to be developed for the surveillance and prevention of this infection. Quantum dot fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip (QDFM-ICS) has a great application prospect in the rapid detection of the virus. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (1E8 and 2G9) were generated by immunizing mice with the purified hemagglutinin (HA) protein, and QDFM-ICS was designed to detect the H10 subtype influenza antigen. We illustrated that the limit of detection (LOD) of QDFM-ICS for the HA titer and purified HA protein of the H10 subtype AIV was 0.125 per 80 μL of the sample and 4 ng/mL, respectively. The specificity of QDFM-ICS was 100%, which indicated that mAb 2G9 specifically bound to the H10 subtype influenza antigen without cross-reacting with other subtype AIVs. The method has good reproducibility. Additionally, the results of preliminary tests on clinical samples showed high consistency between QDFM-ICS and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The QDFM-ICS has simple analysis steps and can produce objective results within 15 min. Hence, it can be suggested that QDFM-ICS can be used to monitor and prevent the infection caused by H10 subtype AIVs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6289957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of Canine Parvovirus Type 2a and Canine Enteric Coronavirus in Diarrheal Outbreaks Among Farmed Raccoon Dogs in China","authors":"Rongguang Lu,&nbsp;Haixu Cao,&nbsp;Wei Yang,&nbsp;Jianhai Fu,&nbsp;Tingli Qian,&nbsp;Chengqi Zhang,&nbsp;Na Feng,&nbsp;Bo Hu,&nbsp;Liwen Xu,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Li,&nbsp;Guanyu Zhao,&nbsp;Qiumei Shi,&nbsp;Deyue Zang,&nbsp;Guobao Li,&nbsp;Xue Bai","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8880613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8880613","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine enteric coronavirus (CCoV) are primary viral pathogens responsible for causing diarrhea in carnivores. CCoV infection generally induces mild enteritis, whereas infections solely by CPV or coinfections involving both CPV and CCoV frequently result in severe diarrhea and can lead to fatal outcomes in affected animals. This study investigated CPV and CCoV infections in raccoon dogs farmed in China between 2018 and 2023. Among the 133 small intestine tissue samples from raccoon dogs with severe diarrhea, 107 of 133 (80.5%) were CPV nucleic acid positive, involving CPV-2 and CPV-2a subtypes. The CPV-2 amplicons maintained I418T, S927A, and T27S. Moreover, the CPV-2a subtype amplicons possessed G300S, N562V, and Y573F mutations compared to dog-ori CPV-2a. Moreover, 30 of the 133 (22.6%) samples were positive for CCoV, containing the CCoV-IIa and CCoV-IIb subtypes. Of these, 25 of 30 (83.3%) samples were coinfected with CPV and CCoV. In CCoV infection alone, mild inflammatory infiltration was observed in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CCoV antigens were mainly detected in the crypts of the small intestine. Furthermore, coronavirus-like particles were observed in small intestine samples. Next, we analyzed the detailed binding model for raccoon dog-origin (RD-ori) CCoV-IIa with host aminopeptidase N (APN). The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of RD-ori CCoV-IIa showed robust binding to raccoon dog APN but not to human APN. Our results demonstrated that CPV-2a and CCoV are emerging in farmed raccoon dogs in northern China. Further investigations should be performed to monitor the potential evolution and recombination events of RD-ori CPV and CCoVs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8880613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Badger (Meles meles) as a Host for Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Peri-Urban Environments, Hungary","authors":"Sándor Szekeres,&nbsp;Gábor Nagy,&nbsp;Ágnes Csivincsik,&nbsp;Nóra Takács,&nbsp;Jenő Kontschán,&nbsp;Sándor Hornok","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1587951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1587951","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>European badgers are opportunistic animals that could serve as important hosts in the life cycle of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) when entering peri-urban and urban environments. In this study, ticks and spleen samples were collected from badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>) found as roadkill between 2020 and 2021 in peri-urban habitats in Central Europe, Hungary. Altogether, 117 ticks, representing seven species (<i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, <i>Ixodes kaiseri</i>, <i>Ixodes canisuga</i>, <i>Ixodes hexagonus</i>, <i>Haemaphysalis concinna</i>, <i>Alloceraea inermis</i> and <i>Dermacentor reticulatus</i>) were removed from 49 badgers. Following assessment of suitability for obtaining spleen samples from the carcasses, DNA was extracted, and conventional or real-time PCRs were used to detect tick-borne pathogens in spleen samples of 38 badgers. Among protozoan parasites, two <i>Babesia</i> species, representing two phylogenetic groups, and <i>Hepatozoon martis</i> were identified. In addition, <i>Candidatus</i> Neoehrlichia lotoris, a novel <i>Ehrlichia</i> species (provisionally named as <i>Candidatus</i> Ehrlichia transdanubiensis), and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> were detected in these tissue samples. The presence of these tick-borne pathogens in peri-urban mustelids indicate that they may provide a source for the infection of ixodid ticks which can in turn transmit these pathogens to humans or pet dogs in urban habitats. Thus, badgers pose an important epidemiological risk factor at the interface of sylvatic and synanthropic environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1587951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Autophagy Mediated by Protein Ubiquitination in Major Prevalent Zoonoses","authors":"Chi Meng,&nbsp;Fengyuan Jiao,&nbsp;Gengxu Zhou,&nbsp;Lingjie Wang,&nbsp;Shengping Wu,&nbsp;Cailiang Fan,&nbsp;Jixiang Li,&nbsp;Liting Cao,&nbsp;Zuoyong Zhou,&nbsp;Yuefeng Chu,&nbsp;Hanwei Jiao","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6238787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6238787","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Zoonotic diseases not only cause great harm to animal health but also involve the development of animal husbandry, which in turn endangers human life and health and public health safety. Protein ubiquitination and autophagy are important ways for the body to degrade invading pathogens, which correspond to the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagic lysosomal pathway (ALP), respectively, and play an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases. For UPS, the substrate is delivered to the 26S proteasome system via a ubiquitination cascade and subsequently degraded and removed. For ALP, the substrate is encapsulated to form autophagosomes, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, which are eventually degraded and cleared. However, a variety of zoonotic pathogens can interfere with the protein ubiquitination pathway and autophagy process to promote self-replication and survival, and resist host immune defense. This article reviews the mechanisms by which multiple pathogens interfere with protein degradation pathways, providing a new perspective for the treatment and prevention of zoonotic diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6238787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hepatitis E Vaccination Strategies for Swine Workers","authors":"Fengge Wang,&nbsp;Lu Zhou,&nbsp;Yihan Lu","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9371055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9371055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in China, with swine as the most common reservoir. It poses a zoonotic public health risk to swine workers. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis E vaccination for this high-risk group in China. A decision tree-Markov model was utilized to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two hepatitis E vaccination strategies, without or following screening, for swine workers aged 16–60 in China from societal perspectives, compared to no vaccination. We calculated HEV-related cases and deaths averted, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of GDP per capita. A sensitivity analysis was conducted. Additionally, we stimulated the scenarios of fully receiving 3-dose schedule, partially receiving 3-dose schedule, and fully receiving 2-dose schedule. Both hepatitis E vaccination strategies significantly reduced HEV-related cases and deaths compared to no vaccination. ICERs were estimated to be USD 11,428.16 and 9830.71/QALY averted for vaccination without and following screening, respectively, both lower than GDP per capita (USD 12,325.24, 2023). Furthermore, one-way sensitivity analysis identified the discount rate, utility in asymptomatic cases, and probability of symptomatic infection as crucial factors affecting ICER. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) showed a 47.5% cost-effectiveness probability for hepatitis E vaccination following screening, compared to 52.5% for no vaccination. Notably, vaccination following screening was cost-ineffective after age 40 and at a price of USD 138.0/dose. Additionally, fully receiving 2-dose and partially 3-dose schedules were cost-effective, regardless of hepatitis E vaccination without or following screening strategies, while fully receiving 3-dose schedule was cost-ineffective with the vaccination without screening strategy. Hepatitis E vaccination following screening would be optimal for swine workers in China. Vaccination starting at an earlier age and lower vaccine prices can improve the cost-effectiveness. Additionally, 2-dose schedule may be recommended during a hepatitis E outbreak to achieve cost-effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9371055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Lineage Classification and Updated RFLP Patterns of PRRSV-2 Revealed Viral Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics in China in 1991–2023","authors":"Xiaoxiao Tian,&nbsp;Ziyi Wei,&nbsp;Mirwaise Khan,&nbsp;Zhi Zhou,&nbsp;Jianqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyi Huang,&nbsp;Yongbo Yang,&nbsp;Shujie Wang,&nbsp;Haiwei Wang,&nbsp;Xuehui Cai,&nbsp;Fandan Meng,&nbsp;Tongqing An","doi":"10.1155/tbed/9977088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/9977088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant infectious disease impacting the global swine industry. Due to high frequency of viral mutation and recombination, PRRSV exhibits complex genetic diversity; however, its lineage classification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, and spatiotemporal distribution have not been systematically analyzed in China. In this study, we sequenced PRRSV-2 open reading frame (ORF)5 sequences from clinical samples (<i>n</i> = 364) and retrieved all the available PRRSV-2 ORF5 sequences in China in 1991–2023 from GenBank (<i>n</i> = 5773). Systematically analysis revealed that PRRSV-2 strains in China were classified into five lineages (L1, L3, L5, L8, and L9) and eight sublineages (L1A-L1C, L5A, L5B, L8C, L8E, and L9B), the L8E and L1C PRRSV-2 were widely distributed across almost all provinces in China, the L1C and L1A strains were increasing and gradually replacing L8 as dominant epidemic strains, and L1B PRRSV-2 in China was analyzed for the first time. The L3 PRRSV-2 has a trend of spreading gradually from the southern to the northern provinces, which needs to be paid attention to the monitoring and prevention of PRRSV-2. Meanwhile, PRRSV-2 strains in China were classified into 112 different RFLP patterns. RFLP 1-4-4 PRRSVs were detectable in China, which accounted for 12.71% of all Chinese PRRSV-2 strains. Although they are different from the RFLP 1-4-4 L1C variant in the United States, it is necessary to enhance surveillance of the RFLP 1-4-4 L1C PRRSVs. These results contributed the understanding of genetic diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of PRRSV-2 in China and provide important references for future PRRSV-2 monitoring and control in China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/9977088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}