Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Integrated Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of an Mcr-10.1-Harboring Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli Strain From Migratory Birds in China","authors":"Ronglei Huang,&nbsp;Xue Ji,&nbsp;Bing Liang,&nbsp;Bowen Jiang,&nbsp;Danhong Wang,&nbsp;Yi Tang,&nbsp;Chengyang Zhang,&nbsp;Ang Zhou,&nbsp;Nan Li,&nbsp;Chongtao Du,&nbsp;Yang Sun","doi":"10.1155/tbed/7631217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/7631217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Background:</b> The global rise in antibiotic resistance among multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative (GN) bacteria has posed significant health challenges, leading to the resurgence of colistin as a key defense against these bacteria. However, the widespread use of colistin has resulted in the rapid emergence of colistin resistance on a global scale. Ten members of the (mobile colistin resistance) <i>mcr</i> gene family, <i>mcr-1</i> through <i>mcr-10</i>, have been reported and documented. Currently, bacteria reported to carry the <i>mcr-10.1</i> gene are sensitive to colistin, but the mechanism underlying the low-level resistance phenomenon mediated by <i>mcr-10.1</i> remains unclear.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted on <i>Escherichia coli</i> (E.coli) isolated from Chinese migratory birds, resulting in the selection of 87 strains exhibiting MDR phenotypes. Whole-genome sequencing (draft) was performed on these 87 MDR <i>E. coli</i> strains, and for one of the <i>E. coli</i> strains carrying the <i>mcr-10.1</i> gene, whole-genome sequencing, phenotypic characterization, AST and conjugation experiments were conducted to identify its resistance phenotypes and genetic characteristics.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> Whole-genome sequencing (draft) of 87 MDR <i>E. coli</i> isolates revealed a diverse array of resistance genes, predominantly including aminoglycoside, <i>β</i>-lactam, tetracycline, and sulfonamide resistance genes. Remarkably, one isolate, despite being sensitive to colistin, harbored the <i>mcr-10.1</i> gene. Further sequencing showed that <i>mcr-10.1</i> was located in the conserved region of <i>xerC-mcr-10.1</i>, a hotspot for movable elements with various insertion sequences (ISs) or transposons nearby. Phenotypic characterization indicated that the MDR plasmid pGN25-<i>mcr10.1</i> had no significant effect on the growth of GN25 and its derivatives but reduced the number of bacterial flagella.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> It is particularly important to note that bacteria harboring the <i>mcr-10.1</i> gene may exhibit low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, but that the MIC values under colistin selective pressure can become progressively higher and exacerbate the difficulty of treating infections caused by <i>mcr-10.1</i>-associated bacteria. Therefore, vigilance for such “silent transmission” is warranted, and continuous monitoring of the spread of <i>mcr-10.1</i> is necessary in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/7631217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Diversity and Coexistence of Multidrug-Resistance Mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Poultry Farms","authors":"Xia Xiao,&nbsp;Pengbin Yang,&nbsp;Kai Peng,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Qiaojun Wang,&nbsp;Yuetong Lv,&nbsp;Edward Feil,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wang,&nbsp;Ruichao Li","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2141288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2141288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is an opportunistic pathogen and poses a serious threat to the livestock industry and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> in agricultural settings. In this study, fecal and environmental samples from poultry farms were collected, and the antibiotic resistance prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> were determined through antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and bioinformatics analysis. Resistance phenotype analysis of 99 strains indicated that all of them exhibited resistance to most of the tested antimicrobials. Genome data analysis revealed the coexistence of the <i>tmexCD-toprJ</i> efflux pump gene cluster along with either <i>bla</i>_NDM or <i>mcr</i> genes on IncFIB(Mar)/HI1B plasmids in four isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the <i>tmexCD-toprJ</i>-positive <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates revealed a predominance of sequence types (STs) ST2185 and ST15. These isolates were characterized by the presence of key virulence factors, including the aerobactin siderophore gene <i>iutA</i> and the salmochelin siderophore gene <i>iroE</i>, which are associated with enhanced invasiveness and pathogenicity. In addition, conjugation experiments showed that <i>tmexCD-toprJ</i> and <i>bla</i>_NDM could be transferred to <i>Escherichia coli</i> J53, while <i>mcr</i> is impervious to interspecies transfer. Although avian-derived <i>K. pneumoniae</i> differs from human-derived <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids encoding both <i>tmexCD-toprJ</i> and <i>bla</i>_NDM among different bacteria has raised significant public health concerns. Our analysis indicates that this MDR plasmid harboring critical resistance genes is widely disseminated in chicken farms, and it is necessary to conduct further epidemiological surveillance of such plasmids on a global scale to mitigate the threat to global public health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2141288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Regulation of RIG-I in Porcine Intestine During TGEV and PDCoV Infection","authors":"Hui Zeng,&nbsp;Xuan Wu,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang,&nbsp;Yunlei Cao,&nbsp;Rongfeng Tang,&nbsp;Yuchen Li,&nbsp;Qian Yang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2945004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2945004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are major enteric coronaviruses responsible for severe diarrhea in neonatal piglets. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a key sensor against RNA viruses, yet its distribution in the porcine intestine and regulatory roles during TGEV and PDCoV infections remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we show that under normal conditions, RIG-I predominantly localizes in lamina propria antigen-presenting cells, with its expression increasing with age. Following viral infection <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, both TGEV and PDCoV induce RIG-I expression, although TGEV elicits a more robust activation of RIG-I and downstream interferon pathways. Mechanistically, RIG-I overexpression inhibits replication of both viruses, whereas RIG-I knockdown significantly enhances TGEV proliferation only, implying that TGEV primarily depends on RIG-I–mediated immune responses, while PDCoV may rely on other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These findings unveil distinct immune regulatory strategies of TGEV and PDCoV and highlight the central role of RIG-I in controlling TGEV infection, offering a theoretical foundation for targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2945004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Toward Antigenic Epitopes of African Swine Fever Virus and Their Identification","authors":"Xingjun Ke,&nbsp;Zhi Cao,&nbsp;Zhen Weng,&nbsp;Yin Xie,&nbsp;Fengyu Wu,&nbsp;Xinzhu Liu,&nbsp;Shiying Zhou,&nbsp;Mengjie Lian,&nbsp;Tongyu Liu,&nbsp;Ruize Sun,&nbsp;Lerong Ma,&nbsp;Aishi Xu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wang,&nbsp;Hongsheng Ouyang,&nbsp;Linzhu Ren,&nbsp;Daxin Pang,&nbsp;Dongmei Lv","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2111189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2111189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes pigs to develop high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory distress, with an exceptionally high case fatality rate. Unfortunately, vaccine development is hindered by a limited understanding of the structure and function of the protein encoded by ASFV, as well as the mechanisms underlying infection and immunity. Among these factors, the lack of effective cellular epitopes represents a major obstacle to vaccine development. Epitopes serve as the smallest structural units capable of inducing immune responses and are critical targets for both vaccine design and diagnostic reagent development. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate antigens with high immunogenicity and elucidate their correlation with protective immune responses to provide scientific insights and a theoretical foundation for developing safe and effective ASFV vaccines. Currently, thorough reviews on the identification and functional characterization of ASFV antigenic epitopes remain scarce. To address this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive review of ASFV epitopes and their identification strategies. It initiates with a systematic classification of ASFV antigenic epitopes, followed by an extensive discussion of various methods for identifying ASFV epitopes, along with their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the paper summarizes existing databases of characterized ASFV antigenic epitopes and highlights the most biologically significant ones. In addition, the paper explores emerging applications of ASFV epitopes while addressing the technical challenges in epitope-based research to provide valuable insights for ASFV vaccine development and production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2111189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Oral Vaccine Distribution Strategies for Wild Boars Through Bias-Corrected Habitat Modeling: A Case Study of Classical Swine Fever Control in Japan","authors":"Satoshi Ito,&nbsp;Jamie Bosch,&nbsp;Cecilia Aguilar-Vega,&nbsp;Norikazu Isoda,&nbsp;José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno,&nbsp;Masuo Sueyoshi","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1576080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1576080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Control of infectious diseases in wildlife is often considered challenging due to the limited availability of information. Some infectious diseases in wildlife can also affect livestock, posing significant problems for the animal farming industry. In Japan, classical swine fever (CSF) reemerged in September 2018. Given the availability of commercial vaccines, control measures mainly involve the vaccination of domestic pigs and the distribution of oral vaccines to wild boars. Despite these efforts, the disease continues to spread, primarily due to wild boars. This transmission is further exacerbated by Japan’s challenging geography—about 66% forested—making many areas difficult to access and leading to spatial bias in surveillance. As a result, the epidemic situation cannot be fully understood, limiting the effectiveness of control measures. This study estimated wild boar distribution using a species distribution model (SDM) that incorporates geographic bias correction. Two maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models—a standard model and a reporting bias-corrected model—were developed using wild boar observation data from Aichi Prefecture. Both models demonstrated excellent prediction accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.946 and 0.946, sensitivity of 0.868 and 0.943, and specificity of 0.999 and 0.991), with the most influential variables identified in a similar order (solar radiation in November, followed by elevation, precipitation during the wettest quarter, and solar radiation in August). While both models identified high-probability areas in the east, the bias-corrected model also revealed expanded high-probability zones in the northeast. During the epidemic phases, protecting farms takes priority; however, in eradication phases, control measures must also target wild boar habitats in forested areas. By using open-access environmental data, this modeling approach can be applied to other regions. Accurate estimation of wild boar distribution can contribute to improving wildlife disease surveillance and optimizing oral vaccine delivery strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1576080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Pathogenic Characteristic of High Pathogenic Korean NADC34-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus","authors":"Sehyeong Ham,&nbsp;Chanhee Chae","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1838580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1838580","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A novel NADC34-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SNUVP231106, was isolated from a farm where pigs experienced respiratory symptoms and abortions. In this study, a SNUVP231106 strain was fully sequenced and evaluated for its pathogenicity. The genomic sequence of SNUVP231106 was NADC34-like PRRSV which was classified as sublineage 1.5 with 100 amino acid (aa) continuous deletions in nsp2. The Korean NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 is a restriction fragment polymorphism pattern of 1-6-4 according to the genetic analysis of the open reading frame (ORF) 5 gene. Recombination analysis revealed that the Korean NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 is a recombinant strain, with IA/2014/NADC34 as the major parent and both RespPRRS-MLV and NADC30 as minor parents. Animal studies demonstrated that infection with the NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 resulted in 100% morbidity and 37.5% mortality, accompanied by high viremia, elevated fever, and significant weight loss. Pathological findings included interstitial pneumonia, thymus atrophy, and perivascular cuffing in the brain. These experimental results confirm that the NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 exhibits high pathogenicity in piglets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1838580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a PRRSV Detection Assay Using Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification and Genetic Analysis of PRRSV in Southwest China","authors":"Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Xinrong Wang,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Junhai Zhu,&nbsp;Meiyu Jia,&nbsp;Longxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Nan Yan,&nbsp;Lizhi Fu,&nbsp;Yue Wang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5428900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5428900","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry. This study aimed to develop a PRRS virus (PRRSV) detection assay using multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and to analyze the genetic variation of PRRSV in Southwest China. A total of 13,863 samples, including blood and lung tissues from pigs suspected of PRRSV infection, were collected. The MIRA assay was designed with primers and probes targeting conserved regions of the PRRSV-M gene, demonstrating high specificity with no cross-reactivity to other swine pathogens and an estimated detection threshold sensitivity of 1.0 copy/μL. Prevalence analysis revealed that, although vaccinated pigs showed relatively high antibody levels, the virus continued to circulate, particularly in unvaccinated herds. Genetic analysis of the predominant PRRSV strains indicated an increasing prevalence of NADC30-like strains and notable genetic variation in genes such as ORF5 and nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2), including amino acid deletions and alterations of glycosylation sites. Recombination events were also observed in some isolates. These findings provide essential insights into the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PRRSV in Southwest China, contributing critical data for the development of more effective control and prevention strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5428900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Wild Bird Species in the Transmission of Avian Influenza to Poultry","authors":"L. Martelli,&nbsp;D. Fornasiero,&nbsp;J. A. Martínez-Lanfranco,&nbsp;A. Spada,&nbsp;F. Scarton,&nbsp;F. Scolamacchia,&nbsp;G. Manca,&nbsp;P. Mulatti","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2288535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2288535","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wild aquatic birds are crucial in maintaining the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. However, the HPAI dynamic at the wild-domestic interface is still poorly known, and a comprehensive understanding of species that could potentially act as a bridge between wetlands and poultry farms is still lacking. In this study, an eco-epidemiological framework was used to build species distribution models for 40 wild bird species camera-trapped at 10 poultry farms in northeastern Italy. The predicted wild bird favorability distributions were used to estimate HPAI outbreak occurrences in the area of interest, using an ensemble approach that included five methodologies: generalized linear model (GLM), generalized additive model (GAM), boosted regression trees (BRTs), random forest (RF), and maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The group of species that included most of the Ardeidae (i.e., great egret, purple heron, little egret, and cattle egret), one Galliformes (i.e., common pheasant), and one Gruiformes (i.e., common moorhen) showed the highest importance (IMP = 28%) in explaining the HPAI outbreak probability of occurrence in poultry, highlighting their potential bridging role between the reservoir species and the domestic populations. The second most important group of species (IMP = 17%) included one Anseriformes (i.e., mallard), two Charadriiformes (i.e., black-headed gull and yellow-legged gull), and one Ardeidae (i.e., gray heron), remarking their role in the disease ecology. These results underline the complex role of the wild-domestic interface in the epidemiology of HPAI, suggesting that a broader range of species than what is typically considered might be involved in HPAI virus ecology. Including these groups of species in targeted surveillance programs would help in fine-tuning sampling efforts and identifying early warning signals of possible transmission to poultry holdings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2288535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Herd Immunity: The Indirect Immune Effects of the M. bovis-BoHV-1 Combined Vaccine","authors":"Sen Zhang,&nbsp;Guoxing Liu,&nbsp;Jianguo Chen,&nbsp;Aizhen Guo,&nbsp;Yingyu Chen","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3903930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3903930","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex illness driven by the interplay of various bacteria and viruses, often resulting in co-infection. It stands as one of the most significant and costly challenges in the cattle industry. The development of vaccines targeting BRD pathogens has garnered substantial attention, particularly for their ability to induce indirect immune protection in unvaccinated animals through the immune effects of vaccinated individuals. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the indirect immune effect of our developed attenuated and marker <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>-BoHV-1 combined vaccine. Our results demonstrated that the combined vaccine effectively activates the innate immune response in animals cohabitating with immunized individuals. This was evidenced by a significant increase in serum lysozyme levels, blood lymphocyte counts, and elevated cytokine levels. Furthermore, these cohabitating animals exhibited effective activation of the humoral immune response, as indicated by the elevated levels of specific antibodies against various pathogens. Notably, <i>M. bovis</i> serum ELISA antibodies and BoHV-1 neutralizing antibodies in all calves from the co-housing group turned positive by the second week, exceeding the threshold values of 41% and 1:8, respectively. In addition, serum levels of total IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly elevated compared to the blank control group. In conclusion, the attenuated and marker <i>M. bovis</i>-BoHV-1 combined vaccine we developed shows a notable indirect immune effect, which is essential for controlling the spread of infection and enhancing calf survival. This study greatly facilitated the sustainable growth of the cattle industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3903930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on Foot-and-Mouth Disease in North-Western Syria: Circulating Serotypes and Post-Vaccination Monitoring","authors":"Tiziana Trogu,&nbsp;Giancarlo Ferrari,&nbsp;Ayham Abdulkader,&nbsp;Mario Younan,&nbsp;Jaffan Dayub,&nbsp;Efrem A. Foglia,&nbsp;Shahin Baiomy,&nbsp;Cornelis van Maanen,&nbsp;Hashim Abdelbaky Mansour,&nbsp;Ausama A. Yousif,&nbsp;Emad Bennour,&nbsp;Nussieba A. Osman,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalifeh,&nbsp;Fabrizio Rosso,&nbsp;Santina Grazioli","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8865069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8865069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Information on the circulation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Western Syria is very limited. It is known that the country is affected by a prolonged humanitarian crisis that may certainly have contributed to such lack of information and the latest available data date back to 2002. Since 2021, there has been a significant increase in reporting of FMD clinical cases in dairy cattle in the region that led to implementing a vaccination campaign, using a tetravalent vaccine and targeting 35 subdistricts in the governorates of Aleppo and Idleb. Sampling for postvaccination monitoring was carried out, on average, around 2 months from the date of vaccination. Sera from 886 animals were collected and tested through ELISA tests to detect antibodies against FMD virus nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and structural proteins (SPs). Results revealed the presence of antibodies in 22.6% of the animals, directed towards viral NSP, indicating a previous infection. This was likely due to a rather recent exposure, considering the comparable NSP antibody prevalences among different age groups. Serological analyses revealed a good antibody response to Asia1 serotype following vaccination but an insufficient antibody response to serotypes A and O. Multiple logistic regression of the serological titers obtained for the different serotypes showed a significant association between high titers detected for serotype O and positivity towards the NSP of the virus. This result suggests the recent circulation of serotype O in the area under consideration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8865069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}