Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Genetic and Pathogenic Characteristic of High Pathogenic Korean NADC34-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus","authors":"Sehyeong Ham,&nbsp;Chanhee Chae","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1838580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1838580","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A novel NADC34-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SNUVP231106, was isolated from a farm where pigs experienced respiratory symptoms and abortions. In this study, a SNUVP231106 strain was fully sequenced and evaluated for its pathogenicity. The genomic sequence of SNUVP231106 was NADC34-like PRRSV which was classified as sublineage 1.5 with 100 amino acid (aa) continuous deletions in nsp2. The Korean NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 is a restriction fragment polymorphism pattern of 1-6-4 according to the genetic analysis of the open reading frame (ORF) 5 gene. Recombination analysis revealed that the Korean NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 is a recombinant strain, with IA/2014/NADC34 as the major parent and both RespPRRS-MLV and NADC30 as minor parents. Animal studies demonstrated that infection with the NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 resulted in 100% morbidity and 37.5% mortality, accompanied by high viremia, elevated fever, and significant weight loss. Pathological findings included interstitial pneumonia, thymus atrophy, and perivascular cuffing in the brain. These experimental results confirm that the NADC34-like PRRSV strain SNUVP231106 exhibits high pathogenicity in piglets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1838580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a PRRSV Detection Assay Using Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification and Genetic Analysis of PRRSV in Southwest China","authors":"Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Xinrong Wang,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Junhai Zhu,&nbsp;Meiyu Jia,&nbsp;Longxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Nan Yan,&nbsp;Lizhi Fu,&nbsp;Yue Wang","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5428900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5428900","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry. This study aimed to develop a PRRS virus (PRRSV) detection assay using multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and to analyze the genetic variation of PRRSV in Southwest China. A total of 13,863 samples, including blood and lung tissues from pigs suspected of PRRSV infection, were collected. The MIRA assay was designed with primers and probes targeting conserved regions of the PRRSV-M gene, demonstrating high specificity with no cross-reactivity to other swine pathogens and an estimated detection threshold sensitivity of 1.0 copy/μL. Prevalence analysis revealed that, although vaccinated pigs showed relatively high antibody levels, the virus continued to circulate, particularly in unvaccinated herds. Genetic analysis of the predominant PRRSV strains indicated an increasing prevalence of NADC30-like strains and notable genetic variation in genes such as ORF5 and nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2), including amino acid deletions and alterations of glycosylation sites. Recombination events were also observed in some isolates. These findings provide essential insights into the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PRRSV in Southwest China, contributing critical data for the development of more effective control and prevention strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5428900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Wild Bird Species in the Transmission of Avian Influenza to Poultry","authors":"L. Martelli,&nbsp;D. Fornasiero,&nbsp;J. A. Martínez-Lanfranco,&nbsp;A. Spada,&nbsp;F. Scarton,&nbsp;F. Scolamacchia,&nbsp;G. Manca,&nbsp;P. Mulatti","doi":"10.1155/tbed/2288535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/2288535","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wild aquatic birds are crucial in maintaining the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. However, the HPAI dynamic at the wild-domestic interface is still poorly known, and a comprehensive understanding of species that could potentially act as a bridge between wetlands and poultry farms is still lacking. In this study, an eco-epidemiological framework was used to build species distribution models for 40 wild bird species camera-trapped at 10 poultry farms in northeastern Italy. The predicted wild bird favorability distributions were used to estimate HPAI outbreak occurrences in the area of interest, using an ensemble approach that included five methodologies: generalized linear model (GLM), generalized additive model (GAM), boosted regression trees (BRTs), random forest (RF), and maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The group of species that included most of the Ardeidae (i.e., great egret, purple heron, little egret, and cattle egret), one Galliformes (i.e., common pheasant), and one Gruiformes (i.e., common moorhen) showed the highest importance (IMP = 28%) in explaining the HPAI outbreak probability of occurrence in poultry, highlighting their potential bridging role between the reservoir species and the domestic populations. The second most important group of species (IMP = 17%) included one Anseriformes (i.e., mallard), two Charadriiformes (i.e., black-headed gull and yellow-legged gull), and one Ardeidae (i.e., gray heron), remarking their role in the disease ecology. These results underline the complex role of the wild-domestic interface in the epidemiology of HPAI, suggesting that a broader range of species than what is typically considered might be involved in HPAI virus ecology. Including these groups of species in targeted surveillance programs would help in fine-tuning sampling efforts and identifying early warning signals of possible transmission to poultry holdings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/2288535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Herd Immunity: The Indirect Immune Effects of the M. bovis-BoHV-1 Combined Vaccine","authors":"Sen Zhang,&nbsp;Guoxing Liu,&nbsp;Jianguo Chen,&nbsp;Aizhen Guo,&nbsp;Yingyu Chen","doi":"10.1155/tbed/3903930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3903930","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex illness driven by the interplay of various bacteria and viruses, often resulting in co-infection. It stands as one of the most significant and costly challenges in the cattle industry. The development of vaccines targeting BRD pathogens has garnered substantial attention, particularly for their ability to induce indirect immune protection in unvaccinated animals through the immune effects of vaccinated individuals. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the indirect immune effect of our developed attenuated and marker <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>-BoHV-1 combined vaccine. Our results demonstrated that the combined vaccine effectively activates the innate immune response in animals cohabitating with immunized individuals. This was evidenced by a significant increase in serum lysozyme levels, blood lymphocyte counts, and elevated cytokine levels. Furthermore, these cohabitating animals exhibited effective activation of the humoral immune response, as indicated by the elevated levels of specific antibodies against various pathogens. Notably, <i>M. bovis</i> serum ELISA antibodies and BoHV-1 neutralizing antibodies in all calves from the co-housing group turned positive by the second week, exceeding the threshold values of 41% and 1:8, respectively. In addition, serum levels of total IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly elevated compared to the blank control group. In conclusion, the attenuated and marker <i>M. bovis</i>-BoHV-1 combined vaccine we developed shows a notable indirect immune effect, which is essential for controlling the spread of infection and enhancing calf survival. This study greatly facilitated the sustainable growth of the cattle industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/3903930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on Foot-and-Mouth Disease in North-Western Syria: Circulating Serotypes and Post-Vaccination Monitoring","authors":"Tiziana Trogu,&nbsp;Giancarlo Ferrari,&nbsp;Ayham Abdulkader,&nbsp;Mario Younan,&nbsp;Jaffan Dayub,&nbsp;Efrem A. Foglia,&nbsp;Shahin Baiomy,&nbsp;Cornelis van Maanen,&nbsp;Hashim Abdelbaky Mansour,&nbsp;Ausama A. Yousif,&nbsp;Emad Bennour,&nbsp;Nussieba A. Osman,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalifeh,&nbsp;Fabrizio Rosso,&nbsp;Santina Grazioli","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8865069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8865069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Information on the circulation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Western Syria is very limited. It is known that the country is affected by a prolonged humanitarian crisis that may certainly have contributed to such lack of information and the latest available data date back to 2002. Since 2021, there has been a significant increase in reporting of FMD clinical cases in dairy cattle in the region that led to implementing a vaccination campaign, using a tetravalent vaccine and targeting 35 subdistricts in the governorates of Aleppo and Idleb. Sampling for postvaccination monitoring was carried out, on average, around 2 months from the date of vaccination. Sera from 886 animals were collected and tested through ELISA tests to detect antibodies against FMD virus nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and structural proteins (SPs). Results revealed the presence of antibodies in 22.6% of the animals, directed towards viral NSP, indicating a previous infection. This was likely due to a rather recent exposure, considering the comparable NSP antibody prevalences among different age groups. Serological analyses revealed a good antibody response to Asia1 serotype following vaccination but an insufficient antibody response to serotypes A and O. Multiple logistic regression of the serological titers obtained for the different serotypes showed a significant association between high titers detected for serotype O and positivity towards the NSP of the virus. This result suggests the recent circulation of serotype O in the area under consideration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8865069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imported Schistosomiasis in Southwestern Europe: Wide Variation of Pure and Hybrid Genotypes Infecting Sub-Saharan Migrants","authors":"Alejandra De Elias-Escribano,&nbsp;Patricio Artigas,&nbsp;Joaquin Salas-Coronas,&nbsp;María Pilar Luzon-Garcia,&nbsp;Marta Reguera-Gomez,&nbsp;Raquel Sanchez-Marques,&nbsp;Fernando Salvador,&nbsp;Jerôme Boissier,&nbsp;Santiago Mas-Coma,&nbsp;Maria Dolores Bargues","doi":"10.1155/tbed/6614509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/6614509","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Mitochondrial <i>cox</i>1 and nuclear ribosomal ITSs are commonly combined to distinguish <i>Schistosoma</i> species and identify hybrids in endemic countries but very rarely applied to patients diagnosed in Europe despite the increasing arrival of migrants in southwestern Europe. To assess whether those migrants are carriers of pure or hybrid schistosomes, a complete genetic characterization of <i>Schistosoma</i> entering Spain is performed. A total of 759 eggs (from urine + stools) from 58 patients from 8 African countries were individually processed to describe their mito-nuclear signature by <i>cox</i>1 rapid diagnostic multiplex one-step polymerase chain reaction (RD-PCR) and ITS-2/18S sequencing and haplotype identification by means of the complete ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA and <i>cox</i>1 sequencing. Combined nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers in sub-Saharan migrants residing in Spain are described for the first time. Twenty-two (40.74%) patients were simultaneously carrying pure and hybrid eggs in their urine. S<i>chistosoma haematobium</i> × <i>S. bovis</i> (68.18%) and <i>S. haematobium</i> × <i>S. curassoni</i> (31.82%) hybrid combinations were the most frequent. Six (one pure and five hybrid) and two (pure) mito-nuclear signatures, in urine and stools, respectively, and 12 nuclear and 61 mitochondrial imported haplotypes were found. This study highlights the genetic complexity of pure and hybrid schistosomes that enter Spain, and consequently Europe, and contributes to the following: correlate the geographical origin of patients with pure and/or hybrid genetic types; detect the presence of hybrids “at distance” (hybrids in migrants from Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania are first time detected); correlate molecular haplotypes with pathologies, clinical pictures, and treatment responses; and, importantly, warn about possible sources of autochthonous transmission.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/6614509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functions of Posttranslational Modifications in Toxoplasma gondii and Their Potential as Drug Targets","authors":"Chenghuan Li,&nbsp;Xing-Quan Zhu,&nbsp;Qijun Chen","doi":"10.1155/tbed/8359440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/8359440","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite. Currently, the effective drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis are mainly pyrimethamine and sulfonamide, but these drugs have high toxicity and side effects, so the search for new and effective drug targets is urgent. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are certain chemical groups that are covalently coupled to specific amino acids within a protein. Studies have shown that <i>T. gondii</i> expresses a variety of proteins that require PTMs to regulate the parasite’s response to extracellular stimuli and life cycle transitions at different developmental stages. In this review, we summarize and analyze the 14 PTMs that have been found in <i>T. gondii</i> proteins to date and their roles in <i>T. gondii</i> growth and development. In addition, we discuss the potential crosstalk between <i>T. gondii</i> PTMs at different stages and summarize the results of studies on inhibitors that target PTM regulatory factors. The aim is to further analyze the functions of PTMs in the development and pathogenesis of <i>T. gondii</i> and to lay the foundation for the search for new anti-<i>T. gondii</i> drug targets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/8359440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances and Challenges in the Development and Delivery of Antiprotozoal Agents Against Trichomoniasis","authors":"Anna Jaromin,&nbsp;Agnieszka Zagórska,&nbsp;Josué de Moraes,&nbsp;Ben J. Boyd","doi":"10.1155/tbed/1051460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/1051460","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>, represents a significant public health concern with transboundary implications. In males, trichomoniasis is often asymptomatic, whereas in females, the infection is a common cause of vaginal discharge. It is connected with multiple adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, damaging the health of millions of humans. This review describes the current treatment of <i>T. vaginalis</i> infection, including metronidazole (and its mechanism of action), tinidazole, and secnidazole. Here, we highlight the challenges to managing trichomoniasis, including mild or severe side effects of the drug and/or drug resistance. Furthermore, the review focuses also on drug repurposing and current promising drug targets. To emphasize the impact of nanocarriers on drug efficacy, we consolidated the published data on the activity of various drug delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and others against <i>T. vaginalis</i> as well as <i>Trichomonas gallinae</i> and <i>Trichomonas foetus</i>. The present work explores the recent advances in the quest for antiprotozoal agents against trichomoniasis while delving into the challenges that persist in this endeavor.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/1051460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Domestic Ruminant Movement Patterns in a Transfrontier Region of North-Eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"Yusuf Bitrus Ngoshe,&nbsp;Jose Pablo Gomez-Vazquez,&nbsp;Eric Etter,&nbsp;Peter N. Thompson","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4507408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4507408","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Livestock movement patterns play a crucial role in animal and public health management, disease transmission and sustainable livestock farming. Understanding these patterns is vital for disease surveillance and preventing the spread of animal diseases.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Study Area:&lt;/b&gt; This study was conducted in the far north-eastern region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa, with Eswatini bordering to the west and Mozambique to the north. The study area is located at a wildlife–livestock interface and includes sections classified as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control zone. Animal and animal product movements within, into and out of the area are restricted by state veterinary-issued movement permits.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aims:&lt;/b&gt; The study aimed to quantitatively describe livestock movement characteristics within, into and out of the study area and identify potential hubs for disease transmission.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Study Design and Sampling Strategy:&lt;/b&gt; Data sources included official animal movement permit records (2015–2018) from the KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the data are obtained via face-to-face interviews with livestock traders (August to November 2020). Traders’ data were used to complement the interpretation of the permit dataset and to understand the livestock movement patterns, especially from the perspective of traders who operate from our study area. The permit data offered a detailed record of official livestock movements over multiple years, enabling us to identify the movement trends. In contrast, the face-to-face interviews provided real-time insights from traders regarding informal movement trends and disruptions not reflected in the permit data. The permit dataset was used to construct stratified animal movement networks by species using social network analysis (SNA), treating dip tanks (origins) and the destination locations (municipalities, districts or provinces) as two disjoint sets before being projected into a one-mode network. Bipartite-specific statistics were computed to compare the constructed networks.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 3598 movements between 2015 and 2018, representing 33,561 animals, were recorded from the permit datasets. Additional 74 movements representing 3296 animals occurred in the traders’ dataset in 2020. Of the total number of animals moved, 64% were directed outside the study area. Overall, the network analysis highlighted distinct movement patterns for cattle and goats, with Ndlondlweni and Phelandaba dip tanks as the key nodes facilitating animal movements. These are both dip tanks with high centrality and highly connected hubs, with the potential for facilitating the transmission of diseases to the entire province and other places.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These findings contribute to a better understanding of livestock trade and animal movement dynamics for effectiv","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4507408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Evolutionary Characterization of Bovine Coronavirus","authors":"Shanshan Qi,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Junwen Deng,&nbsp;Xinxian Wang,&nbsp;Yangxi Li,&nbsp;Jiaxing Sun,&nbsp;Qian Li,&nbsp;Shurui Yang,&nbsp;Gefen Yin,&nbsp;Yongneng Li,&nbsp;Junlong Bi","doi":"10.1155/tbed/5152361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/5152361","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is endemic worldwide, causing gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in cattle, making it a topic of significant interest. The present study investigated the prevalence and evolutionary characterization of BCoV identified in Yunnan, China. The results indicated that the overall seroprevalence was 21.75% (65/285), with a higher rate (25.56%) in diarrhea samples than in healthy samples (15.24%). Meanwhile, PCR was used to detect BCoV pathogens in 616 fecal samples. The overall BCoVs positive rate in Yunnan was 28.73% (177/616), with diarrhea samples showing a higher rate (37.46%) compared to healthy samples (20.50%). The whole genomes of three BCoV strain were successfully amplified, namely, BCoV/YN1LC/2023, BCoV/YNZT/2023, and BCoV/YNLP/2023. These identified strains showed high homology to strains derived from calf diarrhea and respiratory samples than to the classical and vaccine strains. Sequence analyses revealed that seven consistent amino acid mutations in the S protein of three BCoV identified strains, including M¹¹/T, K¹¹⁵/D, N¹⁴⁶/I, D¹⁴⁸/G, L¹⁵⁴/F, N⁴⁹⁹/S, and N⁵⁰⁹/H. Additionally, mutations L⁵/P, N⁴⁹/T, and L³⁹²/I were observed in the HE protein, and mutations L⁵³/Q, M³⁸⁶/T, M³⁸⁷/I, S⁴²³/I, and Y⁴⁴¹/F were found in the N protein. Identified as a recombinant strain, the BCoV/YNLP/2023 displays a unique mutation S⁵⁰¹/F in the S protein, D⁶⁶/G in the HE protein, and the ²⁰⁶SRA²⁰⁸ deletion in the N protein. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the identified strains could be the predominant strains in Yunnan Province or even in Southwest China, demonstrating geographic clustering. These data highlight BCoV’s high prevalence and evolutionary characterization in Yunnan, China, providing valuable information for the effective prevention and control of BCoV in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/5152361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}