Thibaut Langlois, Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès, Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Based on a large-scale bibliometric dataset, domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) emerge as the most frequently cited host species in the context of zoonoses, being mentioned in at least 10% of publications for nearly a quarter of the pathogens recognized as zoonotic to humans. This review examines the contributions of pet and stray dogs to various zoonotic transmission pathways, highlighting some mismatches between research focus and actual epidemiological risks. Among zoonotic agents associated with dogs, helminths are disproportionately represented in the literature compared to bacteria and viruses. Pet and stray dogs exhibit distinct zoonotic risks due to differences in exposure patterns and human interactions. Stray dogs are frequently involved in environmentally transmitted diseases, particularly soil- and water-borne parasites, due to uncontrolled defecation and opportunistic behavior. Conversely, pet dogs pose greater risks for direct transmission, particularly via bites, close contact infections, and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. From a public health perspective, integrating dogs into One Health surveillance frameworks is crucial. Routine genomic monitoring of stray dogs could allow early detection of emerging zoonoses, while large-scale deworming programs, improved sanitation infrastructures, and responsible pet management would mitigate both environmental and direct transmission risks. Vector-borne zoonoses require differentiated control measures, including antiparasitic treatments for tick- and flea-borne infections and environmental interventions for mosquito- and sandfly-borne pathogens. This review focuses on pet and stray dogs only, due to the lack of consistent definitions and data availability for other canine categories. Future research should refine ecological and behavioral studies and dog–host interaction analyses to better quantify the zoonotic risks associated with each dog ecotype and guide targeted intervention strategies. This approach enables a more precise zoonotic risk stratification and contributes to effective disease prevention at the human–animal–environment interface.
期刊介绍：
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions):
Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread.
Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope.
Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies.
Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies).
Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.
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