南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省东北部跨境地区家养反刍动物运动模式的特征

IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Yusuf Bitrus Ngoshe, Jose Pablo Gomez-Vazquez, Eric Etter, Peter N. Thompson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:牲畜运动模式在动物和公共卫生管理、疾病传播和可持续畜牧业方面发挥着至关重要的作用。了解这些模式对于疾病监测和预防动物疾病传播至关重要。研究区域:本研究在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省(KZN)的远东北地区进行,西部与斯瓦蒂尼接壤,北部与莫桑比克接壤。研究区位于野生动物与牲畜的交界处,包括被列为口蹄疫控制区的部分。动物和动物产品进出该区域受到国家兽医颁发的活动许可证的限制。目的:本研究旨在定量描述研究区域内外的牲畜运动特征,并确定潜在的疾病传播中心。研究设计和抽样策略:数据来源包括KZN农业和农村发展部的官方动物运动许可记录(2015-2018年),数据通过对牲畜交易商的面对面访谈获得(2020年8月至11月)。贸易商的数据被用来补充许可证数据集的解释,并了解牲畜的流动模式,特别是从在我们研究区域经营的贸易商的角度。许可证数据提供了多年来官方牲畜流动的详细记录,使我们能够确定流动趋势。相比之下,面对面的访谈提供了贸易商关于非正式流动趋势和中断的实时见解,这些趋势和中断未反映在许可证数据中。使用社会网络分析(SNA),利用许可证数据集构建了按物种分层的动物运动网络,将浸入池(起源)和目的地(市、区或省)作为两个不相交的集合,然后投影到单模网络中。计算了两方特定的统计数据来比较构建的网络。结果:2015年至2018年期间,许可证数据集中共记录了3598次移动,代表33561只动物。2020年,交易员的数据集中出现了代表3296只动物的74次交易。在移动的动物总数中,64%被引导到研究区域之外。总体而言,网络分析突出了牛和山羊的独特运动模式,Ndlondlweni和Phelandaba水池是促进动物运动的关键节点。这些都是具有高中心性和高度联系的枢纽的浸罐,有可能促进疾病向全省和其他地方传播。结论:这些发现有助于更好地了解牲畜贸易和动物运动动态,从而有效地控制和管理疾病。两个浸罐成为研究区域外动物活动的高频中心,构成了向该省及其他地区传播疾病的风险。建议在这些地区加强监测,以减轻动物疾病的传播。兽医当局应强制牲畜贸易商使用动物流动许可证,以有效预防和控制疾病。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Characterization of Domestic Ruminant Movement Patterns in a Transfrontier Region of North-Eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Characterization of Domestic Ruminant Movement Patterns in a Transfrontier Region of North-Eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Introduction: Livestock movement patterns play a crucial role in animal and public health management, disease transmission and sustainable livestock farming. Understanding these patterns is vital for disease surveillance and preventing the spread of animal diseases.

Study Area: This study was conducted in the far north-eastern region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa, with Eswatini bordering to the west and Mozambique to the north. The study area is located at a wildlife–livestock interface and includes sections classified as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control zone. Animal and animal product movements within, into and out of the area are restricted by state veterinary-issued movement permits.

Aims: The study aimed to quantitatively describe livestock movement characteristics within, into and out of the study area and identify potential hubs for disease transmission.

Study Design and Sampling Strategy: Data sources included official animal movement permit records (2015–2018) from the KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the data are obtained via face-to-face interviews with livestock traders (August to November 2020). Traders’ data were used to complement the interpretation of the permit dataset and to understand the livestock movement patterns, especially from the perspective of traders who operate from our study area. The permit data offered a detailed record of official livestock movements over multiple years, enabling us to identify the movement trends. In contrast, the face-to-face interviews provided real-time insights from traders regarding informal movement trends and disruptions not reflected in the permit data. The permit dataset was used to construct stratified animal movement networks by species using social network analysis (SNA), treating dip tanks (origins) and the destination locations (municipalities, districts or provinces) as two disjoint sets before being projected into a one-mode network. Bipartite-specific statistics were computed to compare the constructed networks.

Results: A total of 3598 movements between 2015 and 2018, representing 33,561 animals, were recorded from the permit datasets. Additional 74 movements representing 3296 animals occurred in the traders’ dataset in 2020. Of the total number of animals moved, 64% were directed outside the study area. Overall, the network analysis highlighted distinct movement patterns for cattle and goats, with Ndlondlweni and Phelandaba dip tanks as the key nodes facilitating animal movements. These are both dip tanks with high centrality and highly connected hubs, with the potential for facilitating the transmission of diseases to the entire province and other places.

Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of livestock trade and animal movement dynamics for effective disease control and management. Two dip tanks emerged as high-frequency hubs for animal movements outside the study area, posing risks for disease transmission to the province and beyond. Intensifying surveillance in these areas is recommended to mitigate the spread of animal diseases. Veterinary authorities should enforce the use of animal movement permits by livestock traders for effective disease prevention and control.

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来源期刊
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
9.30%
发文量
350
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.
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