Yusuf Bitrus Ngoshe, Jose Pablo Gomez-Vazquez, Eric Etter, Peter N. Thompson
{"title":"南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省东北部跨境地区家养反刍动物运动模式的特征","authors":"Yusuf Bitrus Ngoshe, Jose Pablo Gomez-Vazquez, Eric Etter, Peter N. Thompson","doi":"10.1155/tbed/4507408","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n <p><b>Introduction:</b> Livestock movement patterns play a crucial role in animal and public health management, disease transmission and sustainable livestock farming. Understanding these patterns is vital for disease surveillance and preventing the spread of animal diseases.</p>\n <p><b>Study Area:</b> This study was conducted in the far north-eastern region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa, with Eswatini bordering to the west and Mozambique to the north. The study area is located at a wildlife–livestock interface and includes sections classified as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control zone. Animal and animal product movements within, into and out of the area are restricted by state veterinary-issued movement permits.</p>\n <p><b>Aims:</b> The study aimed to quantitatively describe livestock movement characteristics within, into and out of the study area and identify potential hubs for disease transmission.</p>\n <p><b>Study Design and Sampling Strategy:</b> Data sources included official animal movement permit records (2015–2018) from the KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the data are obtained via face-to-face interviews with livestock traders (August to November 2020). Traders’ data were used to complement the interpretation of the permit dataset and to understand the livestock movement patterns, especially from the perspective of traders who operate from our study area. The permit data offered a detailed record of official livestock movements over multiple years, enabling us to identify the movement trends. In contrast, the face-to-face interviews provided real-time insights from traders regarding informal movement trends and disruptions not reflected in the permit data. The permit dataset was used to construct stratified animal movement networks by species using social network analysis (SNA), treating dip tanks (origins) and the destination locations (municipalities, districts or provinces) as two disjoint sets before being projected into a one-mode network. Bipartite-specific statistics were computed to compare the constructed networks.</p>\n <p><b>Results:</b> A total of 3598 movements between 2015 and 2018, representing 33,561 animals, were recorded from the permit datasets. Additional 74 movements representing 3296 animals occurred in the traders’ dataset in 2020. Of the total number of animals moved, 64% were directed outside the study area. Overall, the network analysis highlighted distinct movement patterns for cattle and goats, with Ndlondlweni and Phelandaba dip tanks as the key nodes facilitating animal movements. These are both dip tanks with high centrality and highly connected hubs, with the potential for facilitating the transmission of diseases to the entire province and other places.</p>\n <p><b>Conclusion:</b> These findings contribute to a better understanding of livestock trade and animal movement dynamics for effective disease control and management. Two dip tanks emerged as high-frequency hubs for animal movements outside the study area, posing risks for disease transmission to the province and beyond. Intensifying surveillance in these areas is recommended to mitigate the spread of animal diseases. Veterinary authorities should enforce the use of animal movement permits by livestock traders for effective disease prevention and control.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4507408","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Characterization of Domestic Ruminant Movement Patterns in a Transfrontier Region of North-Eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa\",\"authors\":\"Yusuf Bitrus Ngoshe, Jose Pablo Gomez-Vazquez, Eric Etter, Peter N. Thompson\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/tbed/4507408\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n <p><b>Introduction:</b> Livestock movement patterns play a crucial role in animal and public health management, disease transmission and sustainable livestock farming. Understanding these patterns is vital for disease surveillance and preventing the spread of animal diseases.</p>\\n <p><b>Study Area:</b> This study was conducted in the far north-eastern region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa, with Eswatini bordering to the west and Mozambique to the north. The study area is located at a wildlife–livestock interface and includes sections classified as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control zone. Animal and animal product movements within, into and out of the area are restricted by state veterinary-issued movement permits.</p>\\n <p><b>Aims:</b> The study aimed to quantitatively describe livestock movement characteristics within, into and out of the study area and identify potential hubs for disease transmission.</p>\\n <p><b>Study Design and Sampling Strategy:</b> Data sources included official animal movement permit records (2015–2018) from the KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the data are obtained via face-to-face interviews with livestock traders (August to November 2020). Traders’ data were used to complement the interpretation of the permit dataset and to understand the livestock movement patterns, especially from the perspective of traders who operate from our study area. The permit data offered a detailed record of official livestock movements over multiple years, enabling us to identify the movement trends. In contrast, the face-to-face interviews provided real-time insights from traders regarding informal movement trends and disruptions not reflected in the permit data. The permit dataset was used to construct stratified animal movement networks by species using social network analysis (SNA), treating dip tanks (origins) and the destination locations (municipalities, districts or provinces) as two disjoint sets before being projected into a one-mode network. Bipartite-specific statistics were computed to compare the constructed networks.</p>\\n <p><b>Results:</b> A total of 3598 movements between 2015 and 2018, representing 33,561 animals, were recorded from the permit datasets. Additional 74 movements representing 3296 animals occurred in the traders’ dataset in 2020. Of the total number of animals moved, 64% were directed outside the study area. Overall, the network analysis highlighted distinct movement patterns for cattle and goats, with Ndlondlweni and Phelandaba dip tanks as the key nodes facilitating animal movements. These are both dip tanks with high centrality and highly connected hubs, with the potential for facilitating the transmission of diseases to the entire province and other places.</p>\\n <p><b>Conclusion:</b> These findings contribute to a better understanding of livestock trade and animal movement dynamics for effective disease control and management. Two dip tanks emerged as high-frequency hubs for animal movements outside the study area, posing risks for disease transmission to the province and beyond. Intensifying surveillance in these areas is recommended to mitigate the spread of animal diseases. Veterinary authorities should enforce the use of animal movement permits by livestock traders for effective disease prevention and control.</p>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":234,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases\",\"volume\":\"2025 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/tbed/4507408\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/tbed/4507408\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/tbed/4507408","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Characterization of Domestic Ruminant Movement Patterns in a Transfrontier Region of North-Eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Introduction: Livestock movement patterns play a crucial role in animal and public health management, disease transmission and sustainable livestock farming. Understanding these patterns is vital for disease surveillance and preventing the spread of animal diseases.
Study Area: This study was conducted in the far north-eastern region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa, with Eswatini bordering to the west and Mozambique to the north. The study area is located at a wildlife–livestock interface and includes sections classified as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control zone. Animal and animal product movements within, into and out of the area are restricted by state veterinary-issued movement permits.
Aims: The study aimed to quantitatively describe livestock movement characteristics within, into and out of the study area and identify potential hubs for disease transmission.
Study Design and Sampling Strategy: Data sources included official animal movement permit records (2015–2018) from the KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the data are obtained via face-to-face interviews with livestock traders (August to November 2020). Traders’ data were used to complement the interpretation of the permit dataset and to understand the livestock movement patterns, especially from the perspective of traders who operate from our study area. The permit data offered a detailed record of official livestock movements over multiple years, enabling us to identify the movement trends. In contrast, the face-to-face interviews provided real-time insights from traders regarding informal movement trends and disruptions not reflected in the permit data. The permit dataset was used to construct stratified animal movement networks by species using social network analysis (SNA), treating dip tanks (origins) and the destination locations (municipalities, districts or provinces) as two disjoint sets before being projected into a one-mode network. Bipartite-specific statistics were computed to compare the constructed networks.
Results: A total of 3598 movements between 2015 and 2018, representing 33,561 animals, were recorded from the permit datasets. Additional 74 movements representing 3296 animals occurred in the traders’ dataset in 2020. Of the total number of animals moved, 64% were directed outside the study area. Overall, the network analysis highlighted distinct movement patterns for cattle and goats, with Ndlondlweni and Phelandaba dip tanks as the key nodes facilitating animal movements. These are both dip tanks with high centrality and highly connected hubs, with the potential for facilitating the transmission of diseases to the entire province and other places.
Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of livestock trade and animal movement dynamics for effective disease control and management. Two dip tanks emerged as high-frequency hubs for animal movements outside the study area, posing risks for disease transmission to the province and beyond. Intensifying surveillance in these areas is recommended to mitigate the spread of animal diseases. Veterinary authorities should enforce the use of animal movement permits by livestock traders for effective disease prevention and control.
期刊介绍:
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions):
Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread.
Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope.
Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies.
Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies).
Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.