Transboundary and Emerging Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Novel Epidemiologic Features of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus A H5N1 2.3.3.4b Panzootic: A Review","authors":"Carlos Sacristán,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Ewbank,&nbsp;Pablo Ibáñez Porras,&nbsp;Elisa Pérez Ramírez,&nbsp;Ana de la Torre,&nbsp;Víctor Briones,&nbsp;Irene Iglesias","doi":"10.1155/2024/5322378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5322378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Avian influenza is one of the most devastating avian diseases. The current high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b epizootic began in the 2020–2021 season, and has caused a panzootic, considered one of the worst ever reported. The present panzootic has novel epidemiological features that represent a challenge for its prevention and control. This review examines key epidemiological changes of the disease such as seasonality, geographic spread, and host range. The seasonality of the virus has changed, and contrary to previous avian influenza epizootics, this subclade was able to persist during boreal summer. Its geographic range has expanded, with reports in all continents except Australia. During this epizootic, HPAIV H5N1 has broadened its host range, infecting hundreds of bird species, and causing the death of thousands of wild birds and over 300 million poultry. The number and diversity of mammal species infected by H5N1 2.3.4.4b is unprecedented. Although considered low, this strain’s potential to spillover to humans should not be underestimated, especially considering the current extremely high viral circulation in animals and increasing adaptation to mammals. Overall, HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b represents an ongoing and growing threat to poultry, wildlife, and human health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5322378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetically Informative Mutations in Drug Resistance Genes of Human-Infecting Mycobacterium bovis","authors":"Yuhui Dong,&nbsp;Xichao Ou,&nbsp;Bing Zhao,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Wang,&nbsp;Yiduo Liu,&nbsp;Ziyi Liu,&nbsp;Haoran Wang,&nbsp;Xin Ge,&nbsp;Yue Nan,&nbsp;Yanlin Zhao,&nbsp;Xiangmei Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2024/5578214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5578214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) by molecular testing of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> drug resistance genes is becoming increasingly common clinically. However, <i>M. bovis</i>, as an uncommon pathogen of human TB, may interfere with the test results. A comprehensive understanding of phylogenetically informative mutations in the drug resistance genes of <i>M. bovis</i> is required to distinguish true resistance-conferring mutations. We analyzed 53 drug resistance genes in 165 <i>M. bovis</i> isolated from humans using whole-genome sequencing data and found that 98.2% (162/165) of isolates have pyrazinamide intrinsic genotypic resistance, owing to the H57D mutation in the <i>pncA</i> gene. 12.1% (20/165) of <i>M. bovis</i> isolates were resistant to drugs other than pyrazinamide. Furthermore, we discovered 18 phylogenetically informative mutations that differed between <i>M. bovis</i> and the major lineages 1–4 of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Additionally, we reported false-positive ethambutol resistance caused by <i>M. bovis</i> infection due to the phylogenetically informative mutation <i>embB</i> E378A. This study is crucial for gaining insights into the genetic characterization and drug resistance of <i>M. bovis</i> prevalent in humans, as well as contributing to the development of more accurate molecular diagnostic methods and detection tools for drug resistance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5578214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Porcine–Human Reassortant and Zoonotic Group A Rotaviruses in Humans in Poland","authors":"Iwona Kozyra,&nbsp;Janusz Kocki,&nbsp;Artur Rzeżutka","doi":"10.1155/2024/4232389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4232389","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are widespread in humans and many animal species and represent the most epidemiologically important rotavirus group. The aim of the study was the identification of the genotype pattern of human RVA strains circulating in Poland, assessment of their phylogenetic relationships to pig RVAs and identification of reassortant and zoonotic virus strains. Human stool samples which were RVA positive (<i>n</i> = 166) were collected from children and adults at the age of 1 month to 74 years with symptoms of diarrhoea. Identification of the G and P genotypes of human RVAs as well as the complete genotype of reassortant and zoonotic virus strains was performed by the use of an RT-PCR method. The G (G1–G4, G8 or G9) and/or P (P[4], P[6], P[8] or P[9]) genotypes were determined for 148 (89.2%) out of 166 RVA strains present in human stool. G1P[8] RVA strains prevailed, and G4P[8] (20.5%), G9P[8] (15.7%) and G2P[4] (13.3%) human RVA strains were also frequently identified. The full genome analysis of human G4P[6] as well as pig G1P[8] and G5P[6] RVAs revealed the occurrence of porcine–human reassortants and zoonotic RVAs. Detection of G4P[6] in pigs confirms their role as a reservoir of zoonotic RVAs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4232389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Triplex qPCR Assay for Differentiating Highly Virulent Genotype I Recombinant Virus From Low-Virulence Genotype I and Genotype II African Swine Fever Viruses Circulating in China","authors":"Leilei Ding,&nbsp;Tao Ren,&nbsp;Guoxia Bing,&nbsp;Zhigang Wang,&nbsp;Baoyue Wang,&nbsp;Jianqiang Ni,&nbsp;Yuliang Liu,&nbsp;Rui Zhao,&nbsp;Yuanmao Zhu,&nbsp;Fang Li,&nbsp;Renqiang Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Fu,&nbsp;Zhijun Tian,&nbsp;Zhigao Bu,&nbsp;Encheng Sun,&nbsp;Dongming Zhao","doi":"10.1155/2024/6206857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6206857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses serious threats to the global swine industry, food safety, and the economy. Since August 2018, different types of ASFVs have successively emerged in China, making ASF diagnostics more challenging. The highly virulent genotype I recombinant virus has gradually become the prevalent dominant strain and is identified by sequencing several of its genes, which is time-consuming and expensive. Here, we developed a triplex real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the ASFV B646L, X64R, and MGF_360-14L genes to differentiate highly virulent genotype I recombinant viruses from low-virulence genotype I and genotype II viruses in China. This method has high sensitivity and a limit of detection of 10 copies/reaction for standard plasmids, as well as good specificity without cross-reactions with the viral nucleic acids of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV 2), porcine circovirus 3 (PCV 3), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), or porcine rotavirus (PoRV). Importantly, triplex qPCR can be used to quickly and accurately evaluate clinical samples and cell cultures infected with highly virulent genotype I virus, low-virulence genotype I virus, or genotype II virus. Thus, triplex qPCR provides an alternative tool for ASF surveillance in China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6206857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Coinfection Pathogens From Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Persistently Infected Cattle Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing","authors":"Shuang Wang,&nbsp;Sumin Wei,&nbsp;Yaozhong Ding,&nbsp;Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Zhihui Zhang,&nbsp;Shiqi Sun,&nbsp;Huichen Guo,&nbsp;Shuanghui Yin","doi":"10.1155/2024/9703014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9703014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The persistent infection caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) still lacks a reliable explanation, as its etiology and maintenance are intricate and potentially involve concurrent infections with multiple pathogens. In this study, we utilized the nanopore platform for direct sequencing of clinical samples obtained from cattle persistently infected with FMDV serotype O and investigated the distribution characteristics of coinfecting pathogens in their pharyngeal region. Briefly, we exploited Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology to generate high-quality and sufficient sequence data for the comprehensive characterization of microbial genomes. Furthermore, we performed sequence comparison, alignment, and phylogenetic tree construction. Our findings revealed a total of 23 viruses in FMDV carrier bovine, with FMDV, bovine orthopneumovirus, and <i>Choristoneura fumiferana</i> granulovirus emerging as the top three identified pathogens. The analysis unexpectedly revealed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 and pepper mild mottle virus among the viral genes detected in the bovine FMDV carrier. Compared to noncarrier, carrier bovine of FMDV exhibited a greater diversity and abundance of mycoplasma types as well as reads counts. Therefore, we propose that the establishment and perpetuation of persistent FMDV infection may be attributed to the simultaneous presence of other viral agents and mycoplasmas. These findings highlight the significance of investigating multipathogen coinfection in elucidating the etiology of persistent FMD virus infection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9703014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional Profiling of the Rabbit Liver Infected With Eimeria stiedae Reveals Dynamic Host Cell Responses During the Induction and Resolution of Cholangitis","authors":"Miner Deng,&nbsp;Tianyi Hou,&nbsp;Yanting Wei,&nbsp;Wanting Zeng,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao,&nbsp;Yaoyu Feng","doi":"10.1155/2024/4168719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4168719","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Eimeria stiedae</i> is one of the few eukaryotic pathogens that exclusively infect the liver and serves as a good model to study the host–pathogen interactions in this vital organ. In this study, we show that rabbits infected with <i>E. stiedae</i> develop severe but self-healing cholangitis. RNA-seq analysis of the liver gene expression landscapes over the long course of <i>E. stiedae</i> infection identified 912 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the prepatent period (794 up- and 118 downregulated genes), 2889 DEGs in the early oocyst shedding period (1870 up- and 1019 downregulated genes), 2859 DEGs in the peak oocyst shedding period (1923 up- and 936 downregulated genes), and 327 DEGs in the recovery period (164 up- and 163 downregulated genes). Combined with pathological observations, we identified dynamic changes in host–parasite interactions involving multiple pathways. They showed that <i>E. stiedae</i> infection induced full-blown inflammatory, Th1 and Th17 immune responses at all time points. This was associated with the strong innate immune responses during the prepatent period, including increased Toll-like and NOD-like receptor signaling. Despite mounting several damage control and repair responses, such as PI3K-Akt signaling, Ras signaling, and extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, the liver underwent severe metabolic dysfunction, oxidative damage, and coagulopathy after patency and at peak infection, possibly as a result of suppressed peroxisome activities and downregulated PPAR signaling. These responses largely disappeared during late infection, suggesting that the liver self-heals after severe cholangitis. These data provide new insights into host–pathogen interactions during <i>Eimeria</i> infection and improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of parasitic cholangitis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4168719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of Avian Influenza Risk in Thailand: A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach for Enhanced Surveillance and Control","authors":"Waratida Sangrat,&nbsp;Weerapong Thanapongtharm,&nbsp;Suwicha Kasemsuwan,&nbsp;Visanu Boonyawiwat,&nbsp;Somchai Sajapitak,&nbsp;Chaithep Poolkhet","doi":"10.1155/2024/6474182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6474182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Avian influenza (AI) is a viral infection that profoundly affects global poultry production. This study aimed to identify the spatial and temporal factors associated with AI in Thailand, using a geographic information system (GIS)–based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach. We discovered that high-risk areas for AI were primarily concentrated in the central and lower northern regions of the country, with fewer occurrences in the northeastern and southern regions. Model validation using historical outbreak data showed moderate agreement (AUC = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.58–0.61). This study provides valuable insights for planning national AI surveillance programs and aiding in disease prevention and control efforts. The efficiency and effectiveness of disease surveillance at the national level can be improved using this GIS-based MCDA, in conjunction with temporal risk factor analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6474182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Driven Multi-Epitope Subunit Candidate Vaccine against Bovine Tuberculosis","authors":"Md. Atik Faysal,&nbsp;Fatema Yeasmin Tanni,&nbsp;Md. Mahfujur Rahman,&nbsp;Md Anisur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury,&nbsp;Ho-Seong Cho,&nbsp;Md. Mukter Hossain,&nbsp;Md Bashir Uddin","doi":"10.1155/2024/5534041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5534041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, poses significant zoonotic and economic challenges globally. The current prevention and treatment options are limited and increasingly complicated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. This study employs reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine targeting the MPB83, ArfA, DnaK, GrpE, and LpqH proteins of <i>M. bovis</i>. The T-cell and B-cell epitopes of the candidate vaccine were predicted and evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. The promising epitopes were then assembled into three vaccine constructs (bTBV1, bTBV2, and bTBV3) using appropriate adjuvants, pan HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE), and linkers. The constructs were analyzed for physicochemical properties, 3D structure, cytokines induction and stability, followed by molecular docking with bovine CD molecules and toll-like receptor, TLR-9. Among the candidates, bTBV3 was chosen as one of the most promising vaccine candidates due to its high aliphatic index (67.60), lowest instability score (27.26), and a strong binding affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations and the results of interactions between the vaccine–receptor complexes (eigenvalue 2.318704e-06) show that the vaccine construct bTBV3 is stable. <i>In silico</i> immune simulation findings, such as elevated IgM levels and increased Th cell populations, suggest that the designed multi-epitope vaccine candidate bTBV3 elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses, confirming the vaccine’s potential efficacy. Additionally, codon optimization (CAI: 0.997 and GC: 54.687%) and <i>in silico</i> cloning facilitated efficient expression in <i>E. coli</i>. This study highlights the potential of bioinformatics-driven approaches in developing effective subunit vaccines against bTB, providing a foundation for experimental validation and future applications in combating this pervasive zoonotic disease, bovine tuberculosis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5534041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem-Resistant Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolates Carrying blaNDM−1 and blaNDM−5 in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients and Contaminated Ventilator Tubing","authors":"Muhammad Saeed,&nbsp;Farhan Rasheed,&nbsp;Muhammad Hidayat Rasool,&nbsp;Sumreen Hayat,&nbsp;Mohsin Khurshid","doi":"10.1155/2024/3352135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3352135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represents an important nosocomial infection, frequently encountered in intensive care unit (ICU) settings which results in prolonged hospitals stays. The nosocomial infections caused by <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> complex (BCC) bacteria pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings owing to their intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. This study investigates the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance among BCC bacteria from VAP patients and the ventilator tubing. The blood and respiratory specimens from patients diagnosed with VAP were collected. In addition, the ventilators were also screened for the presence of BCC bacteria. The susceptibility profiling of BCC isolates was performed against the various antimicrobial agents, and screening for acquired beta-lactamase enzymes was conducted by polymerase chain reaction. Out of the total 134 patients with BCC-associated VAP, <i>B. cepacia</i>, <i>Burkholderia multivorans</i>, and <i>Burkholderia cenocepacia</i> was 68.7% (<i>n</i> = 92), 18.7% (<i>n</i> = 25), and 12.7% (<i>n</i> = 17). Overall, the BCC isolates showed varying susceptibility to different antibiotics: 76.9% were susceptible to chloramphenicol, 76.1% to minocycline, 69.4% to meropenem, 60.4% to ceftazidime, 51.5% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 50% to levofloxacin. Resistance to ceftazidime (51/92, 55.4%) and meropenem (36/92, 39.1%) was exclusively observed in <i>B. cepacia</i> isolates, and all isolates of <i>B. multivorans</i> and <i>B. cenocepacia</i> were found to be susceptible to both beta-lactam drugs. Among the 134 clinical isolates, 15 were found to harbor the <i>bla</i>_NDM variants, that is, <i>bla</i>_NDM−1 and <i>bla</i>_NDM−5. All carbapenem-resistant isolates from the ventilator tubing were identified as <i>B. cepacia</i> and were found to harbor either the <i>bla</i>_NDM−1 or the <i>bla</i>_NDM−5 variants. The observed increase in resistance and the emergence of acquired beta-lactamases among BCC isolates highlight a concerning trend that could potentially lead to serious outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3352135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife as a Sentinel for Pathogen Introduction in Nonendemic Areas: First Detection of Leishmania tropica in Wildlife in Spain","authors":"Iris Azami-Conesa,&nbsp;Pablo Matas Méndez,&nbsp;Paula Pérez-Moreno,&nbsp;Javier Carrión,&nbsp;José María Alunda,&nbsp;Marta Mateo Barrientos,&nbsp;María Teresa Gómez-Muñoz","doi":"10.1155/2024/8259712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8259712","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Leishmaniasis is a chronic global arthropod-borne zoonotic disease produced by several species of <i>Leishmania</i> with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral clinical manifestations. In Spain, only <i>Leishmania infantum</i> has been reported so far, although other species of <i>Leishmania</i>, such as <i>L. tropica</i> and <i>L. major</i>, are present in surrounding countries. The aim of this work is to analyze the occurrence of <i>Leishmania</i> spp. infection in European wildcats (<i>Felis silvestris</i>) as sentinels, including their genotypic characterization. Necropsies of 18 road-killed wildcats were conducted. Samples of ear skin and spleen were taken for DNA isolation and PCR of the highly sensitive <i>SSU-rDNA</i> target. Subsequent PCR tests were performed using more specific targets for the determination of <i>Leishmania</i> species: <i>hsp70</i> and <i>ITS1</i>. Positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Seven wildcats were found positive for <i>Leishmania</i> spp. Based on the <i>hsp70</i> and <i>ITS1</i> sequences, an animal was found to be infected only with <i>L. tropica</i> in ear skin samples, while two cats were found to be infected with <i>L. infantum</i> in both the ear skin and the spleen. In one animal, a clear sequence of <i>L. infantum</i> ITS1 and a sequence of <i>L. tropica hsp70</i> were obtained from the ear skin. Since <i>hsp70</i> and <i>ITS1</i> sequencing was not possible in three cats, the species of <i>Leishmania</i> infecting them was not determined. This is the first report of autochthonous infection with <i>L. tropica</i> in the Iberian Peninsula. Health care professionals, including physicians, dermatologists, and veterinarians, must be aware of this for a correct diagnosis, treatment, and management of possible coinfections.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8259712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}