IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108226

Thierry Deltombe, Anthony B Ward

{"title":"DOES A DIAGNOSTIC NERVE BLOCK PREDICT THE OUTCOME OF BOTULINUM TOXIN TREATMENT? A NARRATIVE REVIEW.","authors":"Thierry Deltombe, Anthony B Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108226","url":null,"abstract":"Botulinum toxin type A is a first line choice in the treatment of spastic muscle overactivity. However, targeting the muscles involved in the deformity with the appropriate dose as well as choosing the goal to achieve and predicting the expected results can be challenging. Diagnostic nerve block with anaesthetics rapidly and temporarily suppresses overactivity of the selected muscle allowing clinicians to identify the involved muscles and the potential improvement of botulinum toxin injections. This narrative review summarizes the predictive value of the diagnostic nerve block before botulinum toxin injections. In the case of a stiff knee gait, rectus femoris blockade seems to predict knee flexion and gait speed improvement, which is subsequently obtained after rectus femoris botulinum toxin injections, but underestimates improvements in balance. In the case of spastic equinovarus foot, tibial nerve block provides a greater reduction in spasticity. Diagnostic nerve block assessment prior to botulinum toxin type A injections leads to an increase in the number of injected muscles, in the dose per muscle and in the overall cumulative dose. Finally, diagnostic nerve block may help to increase the goal achievement rate. Further well conducted studies are necessary.","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring high molecular weight components in Tityus serrulatus venom. 探索蛇毒中的高分子量成分。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108240

Nicoly Malachize Alano-da-Silva, Isadora Sousa de Oliveira, Iara Aimê Cardoso, Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon, Eliane Candiani Arantes

引用次数: 0

An update on botulinum toxin treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy, post-traumatic painful neuropathy/neuralgia, post-herpetic neuralgia and occipital neuralgia. 肉毒杆菌毒素治疗疼痛性糖尿病神经病、创伤后疼痛性神经病/神经痛、疱疹后神经痛和枕神经痛的最新进展。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108237

Bahman Jabbari, Ava Tohidian

引用次数: 0

Novel tryptophyllin peptides from Physalaemus centralis inhibit oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta preparation. 新型中央泡浆菌色氨酸肽抑制氧化应激诱导的大鼠主动脉内皮功能障碍。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108234

Ariane Nogueira, José Brango-Vanegas, Andreanne G Vasconcelos, Alex P Coleone, Éder A Barbosa, Daniel C Moreira, Maria da Gloria da Silva, Wanessa F Cabral, Jhones D Nascimento, José Vinícius de Sousa França, Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo, Filipe Camargo D A Lima, Augusto Batagin-Neto, Selma A S Kückelhaus, Guilherme D Brand, Alexandra Plácido, José Roberto S A Leite

{"title":"Novel tryptophyllin peptides from Physalaemus centralis inhibit oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta preparation.","authors":"Ariane Nogueira, José Brango-Vanegas, Andreanne G Vasconcelos, Alex P Coleone, Éder A Barbosa, Daniel C Moreira, Maria da Gloria da Silva, Wanessa F Cabral, Jhones D Nascimento, José Vinícius de Sousa França, Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo, Filipe Camargo D A Lima, Augusto Batagin-Neto, Selma A S Kückelhaus, Guilherme D Brand, Alexandra Plácido, José Roberto S A Leite","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108234","url":null,"abstract":"Amphibian skin is a rich source of molecules with biotechnological potential, including the tryptophyllin family of peptides. Here, we report the identification and characterization of two tryptophyllin peptides, FPPEWISR and FPWLLS-NH2, from the skin of the Central Dwarf Frog, Physalaemus centralis. These peptides were identified through cDNA cloning and sequence comparison. FPWLLS-NH2 shares its primary structure with a previously identified peptide from the skin of Pelophylax perezi, named PpT-2. Another peptide, FPPEWISR, is novel and was named PcT-1. After solid-phase peptide synthesis, both peptides exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with PcT-1 and PpT-2 demonstrating ABTS radical scavenging capacities of 0.305 and 0.269 mg Trolox equivalents/mg peptide, respectively, and ORAC values of 0.319 and 0.248 mg Trolox equivalents/mg peptide. Additionally, PcT-1 and PpT-2 inhibited AAPH-induced hemolysis in human red blood cells, achieving a protection level comparable to Trolox at 0.2 mg/mL. In rat aorta preparations, both peptides partially restored acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation following pyrogallol-induced oxidative stress, with a greater protective effect of PpT-2. Hemolytic activity assay indicated no cytotoxicity in human red blood cells, and tests on Galleria mellonella larvae confirmed their low toxicity in vivo. These findings highlight the biotechnological potential of PcT-1 and PpT-2 as antioxidant agents, paving the way for new therapeutic applications in combating oxidative stress-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an ex vivo model to assess the impact of fumonisin B₁ on swine intestinal morphology. 建立离体模型评估伏马菌素B1对猪肠道形态的影响。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108249

Janine Alves Sarturi, Cristina Tonial Simões, Cristiane Rosa da Silva, Isadora Fabris Laber, Luara Medianeira de Lima Schlösser, Luriane Medianeira Carossi Leal, Guilherme Konradt, Daniele Mariath Bassuino, Carlos Augusto Mallmann

{"title":"Development of an ex vivo model to assess the impact of fumonisin B1 on swine intestinal morphology.","authors":"Janine Alves Sarturi, Cristina Tonial Simões, Cristiane Rosa da Silva, Isadora Fabris Laber, Luara Medianeira de Lima Schlösser, Luriane Medianeira Carossi Leal, Guilherme Konradt, Daniele Mariath Bassuino, Carlos Augusto Mallmann","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108249","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) on the jejunum of pigs using a novel ex vivo model conducted in parallel with an in vivo trial. For the in vivo model, twelve male 28 to 70-days-old pigs were subjected to two treatments of six animals each: the control group, fed a basal diet (BD), and the FB1 group, fed the BD + 50 mg/kg FB1. At 70 days, the animals were slaughtered and one jejunal sample was collected from each pig for further histopathological analyses. Other four male pigs from the in vivo control treatment were slaughtered at 70 days for the ex vivo model. Four jejunal explants were collected from each pig, totaling 16 intestinal explants, which were subjected to two treatments, with 8 explants each, using an Ussing Chamber (UC) system: the control group, subjected to buffer solution (BS), and the FB1 group, subjected to BS + 50 mg/L FB1. Samples from in vivo and ex vivo models were analyzed for histopathological parameters and subjective intestinal assessments. The FB1 group presented lower (P < 0.05) villi height than the control group in both in vivo and ex vivo. A decrease (P < 0.05) in the villi number, crypt depth, enterocyte height and enterocyte nucleus size was also observed in the FB1 group ex vivo, with a higher severity score of lymphatic vessels dilation than the control (P = 0.0459). The FB1 group also tended to increase the goblet cells count (P = 0.0736) ex vivo as well as to decrease the crypt width (P = 0.0638) in vivo. The ex vivo model exhibited similar mean values and statistical responses to those observed in vivo, demonstrating its potential as an alternative approach for assessing the effects of mycotoxins in a reduced number of animals.","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Educating healthcare workers in snakebite management: A study to determine the effectiveness of the snake bite life support workshop. 教育医护人员在蛇咬伤管理：研究确定蛇咬伤生命支持研讨会的有效性。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108235

Aravind Sreekumar, Siju V Abraham, P C Rajeev, Vijay Chanchal A B, Appu Suseel, Deo Mathew, Collin R George, Babu U Palatty

{"title":"Educating healthcare workers in snakebite management: A study to determine the effectiveness of the snake bite life support workshop.","authors":"Aravind Sreekumar, Siju V Abraham, P C Rajeev, Vijay Chanchal A B, Appu Suseel, Deo Mathew, Collin R George, Babu U Palatty","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108235","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Snakebite envenomation is a significant global health issue, with India bearing a substantial burden. Despite the development of guidelines, knowledge gaps and lack of training persist among healthcare workers (HCWs), contributing to high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Snake Bite Life Support (SBLS) workshop on HCWs' knowledge, practices, self-efficacy, and advocacy skills in snakebite management.Methods: A pre-post interventional study was conducted during the SBLS workshop at a tertiary care center in May 2024. HCWs' knowledge, practical skills, self-efficacy, and advocacy skills were assessed using standardized questionnaires and a modified General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, both before and after the workshop. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.0, employing paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for comparison.Results: Forty-one HCWs completed the pre- and post-workshop assessments. Significant improvements were observed in knowledge, particularly in avoiding false positive 20-min whole blood clotting test (20WBCT) results (p = 0.020) and premedication for antivenom (p < 0.001). Participants reported a marked increase in self-efficacy across all GSE parameters and demonstrated enhanced advocacy intent in resource management, policy influence, and educational outreach. The workshop influenced practice changes, notably reducing the administration of antivenom in confirmed hump-nosed pit viper bites.Conclusion: The SBLS workshop effectively enhanced HCWs' knowledge, management practices, self-efficacy, and advocacy intentions, emphasizing the need for integrating such training into healthcare education to drive systemic change in snakebite management and improve patient outcomes. Future studies should focus on long-term impacts and broader implementation.","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting GPX4-dependent ferroptosis. 18 -甘草次酸通过抑制gpx4依赖性铁下垂减轻脱氧雪腐酚诱导的肝毒性。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108228

Chenchen Song, Wei Wang, Yu Hua, Aimei Liu

{"title":"18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting GPX4-dependent ferroptosis.","authors":"Chenchen Song, Wei Wang, Yu Hua, Aimei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108228","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that severely contaminates agri-food products can cause hepatotoxicity. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, and the liver is an important organ for iron accumulation. 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has anti-ferroptosis and hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in the protective effects of GA against DON-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and mice. The in vitro results revealed that DON (0.4 μM) decreased GPX4, SLC7A11, GCLC, NQO1, and Nrf2 expression; promoted TFR-1 expression and MDA, 4-HNE, and total ROS production; accelerated GSH depletion; and enhanced lipid ROS accumulation and Fe(II) overload, leading to ferroptosis. Pre-treatment with GA (0.4 and 6 μM) reversed these changes and alleviated DON-induced ferroptosis, thereby increasing cell viability and proliferation. In vivo results also showed that GA (10 mg/kg bw) pre-administration attenuated DON (2 mg/kg bw)-induced mouse liver injury, in part by inhibiting ferroptosis through reducing mitochondrial damage and lipid peroxidation. In addition, GA prevented erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptosis by promoting GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression. Altogether, GA attenuated DON-induced hepatotoxicity by preventing ferroptosis via activation of GPX4-dependent pathway. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of food mycotoxin toxicity.","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strychni Semen and two alkaloidal components cause apoptosis in HK-2 cells through TRADD-MAPK/NF-κB Pathway. 马钱子和两种生物碱成分通过trad - mapk /NF-κB通路引起HK-2细胞凋亡。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108224

Wenyi Tian, Yuling Li, Fengzhi Liu, Hui Liu, Chen Li, Lin Bao, Xiaodong Liang

{"title":"Strychni Semen and two alkaloidal components cause apoptosis in HK-2 cells through TRADD-MAPK/NF-κB Pathway.","authors":"Wenyi Tian, Yuling Li, Fengzhi Liu, Hui Liu, Chen Li, Lin Bao, Xiaodong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108224","url":null,"abstract":"Strychni Semen is the dried ripe seeds of the plant Strychnos nux-vomica L, and has great medicinal value and developmental potential.However, Strychni Semen is severely toxic, with adverse effects on the central nervous system, urinary system, and other organ systems, and severe cases can be life-threatening. The present study was to reveal the mechanism of nephrotoxicity induced by Strychni Semen and its alkaloid components using experiments. HK-2 cells were randomly divided into control, experimental, and inhibitor groups. The experimental group was divided into Strychni Semen (SS, 10 mg/mL), brucine (B, 8 μg/mL) and strychnine (S, 4 μg/mL) groups,and the inhibitor group was treated with 1 μm/L Apostatin-1. To detect the effects of each group of drugs on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, KIM-1 and TRADD downstream pathway-related proteins. Network pharmacology predicted that nephrotoxicity caused by Strychni Semen may be related to MAPK. Cell experiments showed that Strychni Semen and its alkaloids could induce the activation of the JNK and p38 pathways in the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, upregulate the activation and expression of caspase-3, promote the apoptosis of HK-2 cells, and enhance the production of the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and KIM-1. Apostatin-1 antagonises the apoptosis of HK-2 cells induced by Strychni Semen and its alkaloids and reduces the production of the above-mentioned cytokines. The results showed that Strychni Semen and its alkaloids can induce apoptosis of HK-2 cells by activating TRADD-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways, showing cytotoxicity to HK-2 cells. Thus, inhibiting TRADD can reduce apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of fibrinogenolytic activity of South American Bothrops and Crotalus venoms reveals widespread variation on human fibrinogen cleavage. 分析南美肉虱和Crotalus毒液的纤维蛋白原裂解活性揭示了人类纤维蛋白原裂解的广泛差异。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108236

Maria Victória Motta Soares, Nathália da Costa Galizio, Marisa Maria Teixeira da Rocha, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo, Karen de Morais-Zani

引用次数: 0

Protective effects of Lavandula stoechas and Thymus numidicus essential oils against deltamethrin-induced hematological and biochemical toxicity in female rabbits. 薰衣草和胸腺精油对溴氰菊酯致兔血液学和生化毒性的保护作用。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108232

Ouardia Chaouchi, Farida Fernane, Nacira Daoudi Zerrouki, Hakima Ait Issad, Thinhinane Chaouchi, Azdinia Zidane, Karim Houali

{"title":"Protective effects of Lavandula stoechas and Thymus numidicus essential oils against deltamethrin-induced hematological and biochemical toxicity in female rabbits.","authors":"Ouardia Chaouchi, Farida Fernane, Nacira Daoudi Zerrouki, Hakima Ait Issad, Thinhinane Chaouchi, Azdinia Zidane, Karim Houali","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108232","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that essential oils (EOs) extracted from medicinal and aromatic plants have herbicidal and/or insecticidal properties, helping to mitigate the toxicity experienced by living organisms exposed to pesticides. Moreover, the primary compounds isolated from these EOs also have the potential to reduce pesticide-induced damage. The present work aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Thymus numidicus (TNEO) and Lavandula stoechas (LSEO) against Deltamethrin-induced toxicity in female rabbits. The results obtained by GC/MS analysis showed that monoterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes were the main components of the EOs extracted from the aerial parts of Thymus numidicus and Lavandula stoechas. The use of the pesticide Deltamethrin caused significant damage to the liver and kidneys (p < 0.05), together with blood disorders, signs of restlessness and tremors. However, females treated with TNEO showed better tolerance than the group treated with LSEO. The combination of both oils showed more pronounced protective effects. This suggests a potential synergistic effect in reducing deltamethrin-induced toxicity.","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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