Toxicon最新文献

{"title":"First report of aflatoxin and ochratoxin contamination in ginger collected from different agroclimatic zones from Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Ghulam Mustafa,&nbsp;Mian Abdur Rehman Arif,&nbsp;Murad Bakhsh,&nbsp;Syed Wajih ul Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ginger, a fresh rhizome, an economically important spice with extensive nutraceutical activities finds itself in vegetable and therapeutic market. Aflatoxins (AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂) along with ochratoxin A (OTA) are the most significant and the most toxic form of mycotoxins which are produced by various fungi. This study was initiated to assess the contamination of AFs and OTA in raw and dried ginger products, collected from different agro-climatic zones in Punjab, Pakistan employing the high performance liquid chromatography. We found all (raw ginger samples commercial ginger powders) samples contaminated with AFB₁ (range: 29.88–1060.12 μg/kg). AFB₂ contamination was much lower (range: 0–17.54 μg/kg). Variable contamination of AFG₁ was also observed (range: 0–170.58 μg/kg) whereas AFG₂ contamination was found in only three (range: 0–21.88 μg/kg) out of 19 raw ginger samples. OTA contamination ranged from 0.05 to 3.42 μg/kg. Ginger samples from lower altitudes (&lt;1000 m) were more contaminated with AFB₁ sub type mycotoxin. Keeping in view that the toxicity of AFs is in the order of B₁&gt;G₁&gt; B₂&gt;G₂, it was alarming to find that 100% of the samples were contaminated with AFB₁ way beyond the permissible limits. Our very first report about the contamination of ginger with AFs presents a grave health issue because of wide use of ginger. We conclude that ginger production in Pakistan needs to be carefully crafted and due diligence is needed during ginger cultivation, harvest and post-harvest operations because the amount of aflatoxins detected in this study are very much above the permissible limits. In this regard, ginger storage in cooler environments such as refrigerator should be encouraged to contain the AFs proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the door-to-antivenom time on the resolution of coagulopathy caused by green pit viper bite—a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Ngo Tin James Chan ,&nbsp;Pui Kin Rex Lam ,&nbsp;Chi Keung Chan ,&nbsp;Sik Hon Tsui","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trimeresurus albolabris</em> (green pit viper) accounts for 95% of human venomous snakebites in Hong Kong and the Green Pit Viper antivenin has become the only antivenom available. Little is known about the impact of early antivenom administration on the duration of venom-induced coagulopathy. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of the door-to-antivenom time (DTAT) on the duration of such coagulopathy. Consecutive patients with green pit viper bite reported to the Hong Kong Poison Control Centre between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2022 were included. Electronic medical records were reviewed, and the time and dose of antivenom administration were examined. The level of coagulopathy before and after antivenom was graded using the modified Snakebite Severity Scale. The primary outcome was the duration of venom-induced coagulopathy. Univariate and multivariable generalized linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between DTAT and the duration of coagulopathy. In total, 82 adult cases (median age 56 years, 51.2% men) were analyzed. The median DTAT was 4.2 h. DTAT was correlated with the duration of coagulopathy (Spearman r 0.426, p &lt; 0.001), which was correlated with the hospital length of stay (Spearman r 0.357, p = 0.001). However, DTAT was not correlated with the hospital length of stay (Spearman r 0.105, p = 0.346). After adjusting for confounding factors, DTAT (adjusted regression coefficient [β] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 3.08, p = 0.012), pre-antivenom level of coagulopathy (adjusted β 17.08, 95% CI 3.00 to 31.16, p = 0.017), platelet transfusion (adjusted β 217.11, 95% CI 70.43 to 363.80, p = 0.004), and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (adjusted β −175.34, 95% CI 330.90 to −19.77, p = 0.027) were significantly associated with the duration of coagulopathy. These findings suggest that prompt administration of antivenom may shorten the duration of coagulopathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity assessment of the essential oil from Croton pulegiodorus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) leaves in mice","authors":"Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos Santos ,&nbsp;Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros ,&nbsp;Amanda Vieira de Barros ,&nbsp;Renata Mendonça Araújo ,&nbsp;Amanda de Oliveira Marinho ,&nbsp;Anderson Arnaldo da Silva ,&nbsp;Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Talita Giselly dos Santos Souza ,&nbsp;Cristiano Aparecido Chagas ,&nbsp;Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima ,&nbsp;Leydianne Leite de Siqueira Patriota ,&nbsp;Ana Patrícia Silva de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Thiago Henrique Napoleão ,&nbsp;Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils obtained from <em>Croton pulegiodorus</em> leaf are renowned for their biological activities; however, data on their toxicity are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity of a <em>C. pulegiodorus</em> leaf essential oil (CPLEO). Chemical characterization of CPLEO was conducted by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro assay was performed to verify the hemolytic capacity of the oil in mice erythrocytes. Next, an acute oral toxicity study was conducted on female mice at CPLEO doses of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 100, and 50 mg/kg. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological markers were assessed in mice from groups were no death occurred. Relative consumption of water and food and the weight of animals and their organs were also recorded. Finally, a genotoxicity analysis was performed using the micronucleus and comet assays. The extraction yield of CPLEO was 1.149% and its major compounds were ascaridole (23.18%), eucalyptol (17.20%), camphor (14.20%), p-cymene (7.91%), α-terpineol (4.69%), and isobornyl acetate (4.57%). CPLEO showed a hemolytic effect only at high concentrations (185.5–1000 mg/mL). It showed acute oral toxicity in mice with a LD₅₀ of 460.42 mg/kg. CPLEO (50–250 mg/kg) caused some significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological evaluation indicated alterations in liver and kidneys but transaminases, urea and creatinine levels remained like the negative control. CPLEO administration impaired weight gain and reduced water and food consumption. Finally, it was not genotoxic by both comet and micronucleus tests. The results highlight the need for attention when choosing doses to evaluate the bioactivities of CPLEO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and pathological findings of Africanized bee (Apis mellifera) envenomation in horses","authors":"Beatriz da Costa Kamura ,&nbsp;Lukas Garrido Albertino ,&nbsp;Ricardo Romera Cavallari ,&nbsp;Larissa Queiroz de Souza ,&nbsp;Lucas Troncarelli Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Isabella Barros de Sousa Pereira ,&nbsp;Noeme Sousa Rocha ,&nbsp;Regina Kiomi Takahira ,&nbsp;Wanderson Adriano Briscola Pereira ,&nbsp;Alexandre Secorun Borges ,&nbsp;José Paes de Oliveira-Filho ,&nbsp;Rogério Martins Amorim","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Africanized crossbred bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) originated in Brazil in 1957, and since then, the number of accidents involving humans and animals has significantly increased. Although they are considered clinical emergencies, there are few reports describing the clinical and pathological aspects of bee envenomation in horses. In this context, this report aims to describe the clinical and pathological features of bee toxicity after massive bee envenomation in three horses. The horses were referred to the veterinary hospital the day following the attack, and after clinical and laboratory examination, they presented with vascular, muscular, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal impairment. Even after the initiation of therapy immediately upon admission, the clinical condition of the two horses worsened, and they died within two days of hospitalization, with pathological analysis confirming the previously observed clinical alterations of generalized vasculopathy, liver degeneration, pulmonary edema, and renal tubular necrosis. Many cases of massive bee envenomation have been documented in both humans and animals, particularly in dogs. Understanding the mechanism of action of apitoxin, its effects on various tissues, and the ideal therapy for each patient has proven crucial for improving survival rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Chlorella vulgaris mitigates aflatoxin B1 toxicity in broiler chicken: Toxicopathological, hematobiochemical and immunological perspectives","authors":"Aisha Khatoon ,&nbsp;Aneela Amin ,&nbsp;Sana Majeed ,&nbsp;Shafia Tehseen Gul ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Arshad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Saleemi ,&nbsp;Ashiq Ali ,&nbsp;Rao Zahid Abbas ,&nbsp;Sheraz Ahmad Bhatti","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycotoxins are the chemical substances, produced as the secondary metabolites of some toxigenic species of fungi which cause critical health issues in humans, birds and different animal species while <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (CV) is a unicellular microalga which contains plenty of important nutritional ingredients. This study was planned to evaluate the toxicopathological, hematobiochemical and immune changes incurred by dietary supplementation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and their mitigation through CV in broilers. For this study to be conducted, 180 broiler birds of one day old were uniformly distributed into six (06) groups and administered various combinations of AFB1 (200 μg/kg) or CV (0.5 and 1.0%) and the duration of the experiment was 42 days. Parameters deliberated were body weight, feed intake, relative visceral organ weights, gross and histopathological examination, hematological parameters (erythrocytic and leukocytic count, hematocrit and hemoglobin), serum biochemical analysis (serum total proteins, ALT, globulin, albumin, creatinine and urea), humoral response against sheep RBCs, response to subcutaneous injection of phytohemagglutinin-P and phagocytic system function assay. The results of this experiment confirmed that 1.0% CV efficiently mitigated AFB1 induced alterations in the studied parameters while this mitigation was partial when 0.5% CV was used with AFB1. Further studies in this regard are still needed to investigate the exact AFB1:CV ratio responsible for complete amelioration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS/MS profiling of the poisonous wild mushroom, Entoloma mastoideum, (Entolomataceae, Basidiomycota) in Sabah (Northern Borneo), Malaysia","authors":"Ily Azzedine Alaia M.H. Subari ,&nbsp;Gowri Mutthumanickam ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hj. Jikal ,&nbsp;Muhammad Dawood Shah ,&nbsp;Jen Kit Tan ,&nbsp;Yee Shin Tan ,&nbsp;Praneetha Palasubermaniam ,&nbsp;Kishneth Palaniveloo ,&nbsp;Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Malaysia, mushroom poisoning poses a significant public health concern, particularly as local communities frequently consume wild mushrooms without fully recognizing the potential dangers they present. Ingestion of wild mushrooms, which resemble edible species but contain deadly chemicals, is the main cause of poisoning risk. The genus <em>Entoloma</em> (Fr.) P. Kumm is dispersed worldwide, with over 1500 species recorded. <em>Entoloma mastoideum</em>, a poisonous mushroom, was recorded for the first time at Kota Marudu district, Sabah, Malaysia, where ten cases of mushroom poisoning outbreaks were recorded during the rainy season of October 2019. The morphological characters of the specimens were documented and their microscopic features were analyzed using compound microscope and scanning electron microscope. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis. Chemical profiling of the poisonous mushroom specimen was done via liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify toxic metabolites. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Bornean <em>E. mastoideum</em> is closely related to the Chinese isolates (100% BS/1.0 PP). LC-MS/MS profiling detected a total of 162 metabolites that were classified into ten general groups, where several toxic compounds were detected amongst the aromatics, essential amino acids, and fatty acid derivatives. The toxic compounds identified in the mushroom extract, including amino acid derivatives such as 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyynorleucine, valpromide, and betaine, have been reported to cause neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, liver damage, and gastrointestinal harm. The presence of these toxic compounds underscores the need for caution when consuming wild mushrooms. Further research on poisonous <em>Entoloma</em> species is vital for developing accurate identification methods and understanding their toxic potential. This knowledge is essential for enhancing public awareness, preventing mushroom poisoning incidents and safeguarding public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns regarding the study on mangrove pit viper envenomation in Malaysia","authors":"Ahmad Khaldun Ismail,&nbsp;David A. Warrell,&nbsp;Scott A. Weinstein","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deoxynivalenol induces ovarian damage and uterine changes in prepubertal and adult mice","authors":"G.A.A. Lemos ,&nbsp;J.R. Gerez ,&nbsp;J.B. Costa ,&nbsp;E.J. Venâncio ,&nbsp;M. Souza ,&nbsp;P.O. Favaron ,&nbsp;J.R. Greghi ,&nbsp;E.M. Gloria ,&nbsp;L. Staurengo-Ferrari ,&nbsp;W.A. Verri ,&nbsp;A.P.F.R.L. Bracarense","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deoxynivalenol (DON) is associated with reproductive toxicity in animals. The frequent contamination of cereal-based foods with DON and the high intake of these by children raises particular concern about the susceptibility of this subpopulation to adverse effects from this mycotoxin. However, age-related differences in the <em>in vivo</em> reproductive toxicity of DON have not been evaluated. Therefore, the effects of DON on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, histology, and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the ovaries and uteruses of prepubertal and adult mice were investigated. Twenty female prepubertal Swiss mice (21 days old) and 20 young adult mice (65 days old) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 10 mg of DON/kg of feed for 15 days (prepubertal mice) and 28 days (adult mice). In the ovaries, DON induced an increase in the lesional score in both age groups. Ingestion of DON decreased FSH levels in prepubertal females, whereas an increase was observed in adult mice. In prepubertal mice, a reduction in the number of macrophages and increased levels of TNF-α were observed in the ovaries of the DON group, while in adult animals, an increase in the number of macrophages and higher levels of TNF-α were noted. Exposure to DON led to an increase in type I collagen in the uteruses of adult mice, while in prepubertal mice, a decrease in type III collagen was observed. DON exposure also resulted in a decrease in FRAP levels and an increase in ABTS and lipid peroxidation in the uteruses of prepubertal mice. Taken together, the results indicate that the effects of DON on reproductive organs are age-specific, with toxicity established as early as the prepubertal period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a conditioned place preference assay in fruit flies to examine effects of insecticidal compounds on contextual memory","authors":"Yachen Wang ,&nbsp;Shaodong Guo ,&nbsp;Tomer Ventura ,&nbsp;Volker Herzig","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticides are vital for safeguarding agricultural crops against pests, albeit many lack selectivity towards pest species and are poorly bio-degradable. This leads to targeting of beneficial organisms like pollinators and widespread environmental contamination of soil and water. Exposure to insecticides such as neonicotinoids causes insect paralysis and mortality at higher doses, while sublethal doses can disrupt other functions that are crucial for survival such as learning and memory performance. Potent and selective arachnid venom peptides affecting a variety of molecular targets are being explored as bioinsecticide candidates. However, their effect on insect learning is poorly understood. We therefore established a sucrose-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) assay using <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> fruit flies to provide a means of evaluating how various classes of insecticidal compounds interact with insect memory to assess their broader ecological consequences. Our results confirmed the adverse effect of a sublethal dose of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (20 pg/fly) on fly CPP formation upon daily injection during the conditioning phase. However, imidacloprid did not affect CPP retrieval when applied after the conditioning phase. Sublethal doses of the two insecticidal spider venom peptides μ-DGTX-Dc1a (Dc1a; 70 pg/fly) and U1-AGTX-Ta1a (Ta1a; 125 pg/fly) had no effect on either CPP formation or retrieval, underlining their potential as novel and safe bioinsecticide candidates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence application for identifying toxic plant species: A case of poisoning with Datura stramonium","authors":"Kamil Kokulu ,&nbsp;Ekrem Taha Sert","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The management of plant poisonings in the emergency department (ED) presents various challenges. Foremost among these is the identification of the specific botanical species responsible for the toxic effect. In cases of plant poisoning, it is crucial to accurately identify the plant in order to promptly evaluate if it has cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, or anticholinergic properties. Furthermore, it is typically not possible to determine the identity of these plants through blood tests conducted in the ED.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>An otherwise healthy 23-year-old male patient presented to the ED with symptoms of restlessness, altered mental state, and hallucinations that occurred 2 h after consuming herbal tea. On physical examination, he was tachypneic, tachycardic, and disoriented. The pupils were bilaterally mydriatic. The patient's symptoms were consistent with both sympathomimetic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) toxidromes. We were unable to promptly reach a botanist to identify the plant to which the patient had been exposed. Therefore, we employed Google Gemini, an artificial intelligence software, to ascertain the plant's identity. Google Gemini identified the plant we photographed as Datura stramonium, commonly known as jimson weed, which is known to cause anticholinergic toxicity. The botanist we contacted later confirmed that the plant was D. stramonium. The patient's symptoms were alleviated with the use of intravenous diazepam and physostigmine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We propose that the utilization of artificial intelligence applications with visual recognition capabilities could be beneficial for physicians, patients, and foragers of edible wild plants to accurately identify plants and distinguish toxic species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}