IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108184

Benedict T. Green, Stephen T. Lee, Kevin D. Welch, Daniel Cook, Clinton A. Stonecipher

{"title":"The actions of varenicline on alkaloids from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), Lupinus sulphureus (sulphur lupine) and Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco)","authors":"Benedict T. Green, Stephen T. Lee, Kevin D. Welch, Daniel Cook, Clinton A. Stonecipher","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence-based therapies to manage the clinical signs of intoxication caused by toxic plants in livestock are lacking. For that reason, the aim of this work was to develop a drug-based intervention for the management of clinical signs of piperidine alkaloid intoxication in livestock. The actions of anabasine, coniine, γ-coniceine, and two total alkaloid extracts from <em>Lupinus sulphureus</em> were compared in the presence and absence of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline in RD cells, mice and goats. Pretreatment of RD cells with 10.0 μM varenicline significantly shifted the anabasine fifty percent effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) value to a greater concentration and blocked the response of the cells to coniine. γ-coniceine did not have any effect on RD cells as measured by membrane potential sensing dye. Swiss Webster mice median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) values for anabasine, coniine, γ-coniceine were 1.5, 5.5, and 3.7 mg/kg respectively, and pretreatment with 10.0 mg/kg i. p. dosed varenicline shifted the LD<sub>50</sub> values to 4.2, 9.1, and 4.3 mg/kg respectively. The rodent LD<sub>50</sub> value of the Pendelton, WA <em>L. sulphureus</em> quinolizidine alkaloid extract was shifted to a lesser concentration by varenicline while the Ritzville, WA <em>L. sulphureus</em> piperidine alkaloid extract was shifted to a greater concentration by varenicline. The clinical signs of intoxication in goats orally dosed with <em>Conium maculatum</em> were exacerbated by 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg i. v. dosed varenicline. These results suggest that varenicline was effective at shifting piperidine alkaloid EC<sub>50</sub> values in RD cells and increasing piperidine but not quinolizidine alkaloid LD<sub>50</sub> values in mice and was not useful at managing the clinical signs of poison hemlock intoxication in goats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 108184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evaluation of earwax as a noninvasive specimen to determine livestock exposure to death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) 将耳垢作为非侵入性标本进行评估，以确定牲畜是否接触过死亡茶花（Zigadenus paniculatus）。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108181

Stephen T. Lee, Clinton A. Stonecipher, Kevin D. Welch, Daniel Cook

引用次数: 0

ATAK (Adrenaline, Takotsubo, anaphylaxis, and Kounis hypersensitivity-associated syndrome) following common cobra (Naja naja) bite: A case report from Sri Lanka 普通眼镜蛇（Naja naja）咬伤后的 ATAK（肾上腺素、Takotsubo、过敏性休克和 Kounis 超敏反应相关综合征）：斯里兰卡病例报告。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108180

W. Anura K. Wijesinghe , Thilina Rathnasekara , Ajith W. Wanniarachchi , Anjana Silva , Sisira Siribaddana

引用次数: 0

Acute compartment syndrome leading to fasciotomy, severe morbidity and long-term disabilities following Sri Lankan Green pit viper (Peltopelor trigonocephalus) envenomation 斯里兰卡绿蝮蛇（Peltopelor trigonocephalus）中毒后导致筋膜切开术、严重发病和长期残疾的急性室间隔综合征。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108179

R.M.M.K. Namal Rathnayaka , P.E. Anusha Nishanthi Ranathunga , Y.N.M.P. Abeyrathne , Damsara A. Kularatne , S.A.M. Kularatne

引用次数: 0

Venom characterization of Venezuelan scorpion Tityus caripitensis 委内瑞拉蝎子 Tityus caripitensis 的毒液特征。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108174

Amini Hudefe , Aurora Álvarez , Deyanell Hernández , Cecilia Castillo , Caridad Malave , Pedro Parrilla , Noraida Zerpa

{"title":"Venom characterization of Venezuelan scorpion Tityus caripitensis","authors":"Amini Hudefe , Aurora Álvarez , Deyanell Hernández , Cecilia Castillo , Caridad Malave , Pedro Parrilla , Noraida Zerpa","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tityus caripitensis</em> is an endemic scorpion species found in the northeastern region from Venezuela, being responsible for sting accidents in this area. This study describes for the first time a biological, biochemical and electrophysiological partial characterization of <em>Tityus caripitensis</em> scorpion venom. The venom is toxic to mice with a LD50 of 20.2 μg/gr mouse. Animals experimentally envenomed with <em>Tityus caripitensis</em> venom gradually manifested clinical signs in response to sublethal doses. SDS-PAGE of the venom resulted in 7 fractions ranging in size from ∼3.5 to ≥38 kDa. The 6–8 kDa proteins could correspond to neurotoxins. In addition, the components of <em>Tityus caripitensis</em> venom were similar to those obtained in the electrophoretic profile of <em>Tityus discrepans.</em> The commercial anti- <em>Tityus discrepans</em> IgG showed reactivity against <em>Tityus caripitensis</em> venom. <em>Tityus caripitensis</em> venom could induce hematological changes such as hyperamylasemia and hyperglycemia. The venom modified voltage dependent Na <sup>+</sup> <sub>v</sub>1.4 channels and blocked K<sub>v</sub> + channels. Although <em>Tityus caripitensis</em> venom is less toxic than <em>Tityus discrepans</em>, they share molecular and antigenic components. This aspect should be considered in the application of antivenom treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 108174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overview of the poisonous plants of Lebanon and their effects 黎巴嫩有毒植物及其影响概述。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108177

Tharwat El Zahran , Zeina Halabi , Alondra Barakat , Rony Imad El Hachem , Charbel Bou Nicolas , Sally Al Hassan , Aline Khalil

{"title":"An overview of the poisonous plants of Lebanon and their effects","authors":"Tharwat El Zahran , Zeina Halabi , Alondra Barakat , Rony Imad El Hachem , Charbel Bou Nicolas , Sally Al Hassan , Aline Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poisonous plants are naturally found in the environment and are easily reachable especially by children. These plants pose significant risks ranging from mild or asymptomatic to severe and even life-threatening. Data on poisonous plants of Lebanon is scarce and scattered; therefore, there remains a significant gap in the literature concerning poisonous plants in Lebanon. This study relied on a thorough review of existing literature on poisonous plants of Lebanon and their effects. Based on our experience in the field and on leveraging available data from the literature, a list of important potentially toxic plants in Lebanon was compiled. Toxic plants in Lebanon were categorized based on their chemical properties into groups such as alkaloids; glycosides; proteins, peptides, and lectins; phenols and phenylpropanoids; terpenes and resins; carboxylic acids; and other (uncategorized). The clinical effects of these plants were discussed in detail to provide an overview of the toxicity that they can cause. This study is part of our ongoing work on poisonous plants of Lebanon. It aims to fill a gap pertaining to poisonous plant; it will benefit healthcare workers and the public at the same time. Prompt recognition of plant exposure and their manifestations will allow for better clinical management especially among emergency healthcare workers and professionals. In addition, this review will increase awareness of Lebanese public about the poisonous plants of Lebanon with the ultimate aim to prevent these toxic occurrences from the beginning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 108177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Naja kaouthia snake venom composition and in-vitro enzymatic activities of 29 specimens in captivity: Highlighting the importance of individual variation in venom pool production 分析人工饲养的 29 条 Naja kaouthia 蛇的毒液成分和体外酶活性：强调毒液池生产中个体差异的重要性。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108173

Beatriz Kopel , Caroline Serino-Silva, Rebeca Barcelos Jantsch , Igor Castellar Sorila, Sávio S. Sant’Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo

{"title":"Analysis of Naja kaouthia snake venom composition and in-vitro enzymatic activities of 29 specimens in captivity: Highlighting the importance of individual variation in venom pool production","authors":"Beatriz Kopel , Caroline Serino-Silva, Rebeca Barcelos Jantsch , Igor Castellar Sorila, Sávio S. Sant’Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Naja kaouthia</em> is a medically important snake, widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, with a diverse venom composition. <em>N. kaouthia</em> venom is subject to significant intraspecific variation, caused by several factors, such as the wide geographic distribution of the species, sexual and ontogenetic factors. However, individual variation is a factor that has only been studied with small sample size groups and/or with pooled samples. With this in mind, this study evaluates the composition and in-vitro enzymatic activities of 29 individual venom samples from specimens born in captivity, with a similar genetic background caused by inbreeding, using SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, RP-HPLC profiles and enzymatic activities of PLA<sub>2</sub>, LAAO and proteolytic activity over azocasein. Even in this scenario, we were able to observe significant variations in abundance and activity of PLA<sub>2</sub>. Individual variations in LAAO activity, as well as a sexual dimorphism in which males present a significantly higher LAAO activity than females were observed. Phosphodiasterase and CRiSP abundance were also found and considered to have multiple effects in the clinical manifestations of envenomation by presenting synergistic effects with other proteins from <em>N. kaouthia</em> venom. The RP-HPLC profiles were better at detecting compositional differences than SDS-PAGE profiles and better correlated with enzymatic activities, being a better technique to screen variation profiles and reinforcing the importance of individual venom analysis prior to pooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 108173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vitro anticoagulant effects of Bungarus venoms on human plasma which are effectively neutralized by the PLA2-inhibitor varespladib Bungarus 毒液对人体血浆的体外抗凝作用可被 PLA2 抑制剂 varespladib 有效中和。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108178

Abhinandan Chowdhury , Bryan G. Fry , Stephen P. Samuel , Ashish Bhalla , Sakthivel Vaiyapuri , Parul Bhargava , Rebecca W. Carter , Matthew R. Lewin

{"title":"In vitro anticoagulant effects of Bungarus venoms on human plasma which are effectively neutralized by the PLA2-inhibitor varespladib","authors":"Abhinandan Chowdhury , Bryan G. Fry , Stephen P. Samuel , Ashish Bhalla , Sakthivel Vaiyapuri , Parul Bhargava , Rebecca W. Carter , Matthew R. Lewin","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bungarus (krait) envenomings are well-known for their life-threatening neurotoxic effects. However, their impact on coagulation remains largely unexplored experimentally or clinically. This study, examined the effect of begins to examine venoms from four <em>Bungarus</em> species—<em>B. caeruleus, B. candidus, B. fasciatus,</em> and <em>B. flaviceps</em> on human platelet poor plasma coagulation parameters using thromboelastography and coagulation inhibition assays. <em>B. flaviceps</em> completely inhibited clotting, while <em>B. caeruleus</em> only delayed clot formation. In contrast, <em>B. candidus</em> and <em>B. fasciatus</em> did not affect clotting. Subsequent examinations into the anticoagulant biochemical mechanisms demonstrated divergent pathophysiological pathways. <em>B. caeruleus</em> venom anticoagulant effects were prevented by the addition of an excess of phospholipids, with anticoagulation thereby the result of phospholipid depletion. In contrast <em>B. flaviceps</em> anticoagulation was not affected by the addition of an excess of phospholipids. Further investigations demonstrated that <em>B. flaviceps</em> mediates its anticoagulant toxicity through the inactivation of coagulation enzymes. The anticoagulant effects of both <em>B. flaviceps</em> and <em>B. caeruleus</em> were nullified by varespladib, a phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>) inhibitor, revealing the toxin class involved. These results uncover previously unrecognized and unexplored anticoagulant effects of <em>Bungarus</em> venoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 108178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of botulinum toxin A in tissue repair and regeneration 肉毒杆菌毒素 A 在组织修复和再生中的应用。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108172

Xuan-Zhu Guo , Ya-Nan Niu , Xuan Zhou , Qiao Wei , Meng Li , Jia-Ning Xia , Yu-Qi Cui , Chao-Xin Chai , Yi-Ming Wang , Li-Ping Chen

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Comparative analysis of protein profiles in skin secretions of some Rana species: Preliminary insights into antimicrobial activity” [Toxicon, 250 (2024) 108110] 对 "一些蕉属物种皮肤分泌物中蛋白质特征的比较分析：抗菌活性的初步见解" [Toxicon, 250 (2024) 108110]。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108130

Ebru Tanrıverdi o, Dinçer Ayaz, Yiğit Terzi

引用次数: 0

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