Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine最新文献

{"title":"Two is Better than One: Evaluation of Single Versus Staged Approaches for Tubular Substitution Urethroplasty with Acellular Silk Fibroin Biomaterials in Rabbits.","authors":"Gokhan Gundogdu, David W Barham, Madison Rivero, Travis Nguyen, Charlotte Morgan, Joel Gelman, Joshua R Mauney","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00752-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-025-00752-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acellular bi-layer silk fibroin (BLSF) scaffolds represent potential alternatives to autologous tissue grafts for substitution urethroplasty (SU) given their ability to repair focal urethral defects in animal models. However, in patients with a severe fibrotic urethral plate, single or staged SU are often required to restore organ continuity. Currently, the feasibility of tubular BLSF grafts for urethral replacement is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of BLSF biomaterials for SU using single and staged approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single (N = 4) and staged (N = 5) SU with BLSF grafts were carried out in adult male rabbits, and animals were maintained for 3 months. Nonsurgical control animals (NSC, N = 3) were evaluated in parallel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All rabbits survived until harvest and displayed voluntary voiding after initial catheterization with no evidence of severe complications. At 3 months, retrograde urethrograms revealed relative urethral calibers treated with both single and staged approaches were restored to 80 ± 26% and 129 ± 27% of NSC levels. In addition, staged SU led to significantly higher degrees of scaffold degradation as well as urethral patency in respect to the single stage repairs. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations demonstrated that both surgical techniques supported the formation of innervated, vascularized neotissues resembling NSC. However, neotissues from single stage repairs presented with elevated levels of fibrosis and reduced smooth muscle relative to NSC and the staged cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single and staged SU with BLSF grafts are feasible for tubular urethral replacement, but staged reconstruction results in improved functional tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":"951-961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short- and Medium-Term Surgical Outcomes of Tissue-Engineered Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Sheep.","authors":"Hussam Al Hussein, Hamida Al Hussein, Horatiu Suciu, David Emanuel Anitei, Carmen Sircuta, Ionela Cotfas, Bogdan Cordos, Cynthia Lefter, Klara Brinzaniuc, Dan Simionescu, Marius Mihai Harpa","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00735-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-025-00735-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue-engineered pulmonary valves (TEPVs) hold considerable potential for improving outcomes in valve replacement surgeries. We investigated the surgical outcomes of TEPVs replacement in sheep, specifically examining the effects of valve type (decellularized versus adipose-derived stem cell-seeded valve [ADSC]) and the animal's age at the surgery. The primary goals were to assess survival rates, postoperative complications, and the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen juvenile and adult sheep were randomly assigned to orthotopic pulmonary valve replacement using either decellularized (DECELL, n = 10) or ADSC-seeded valves (CELL, n = 9). Blood gas analysis was conducted intraoperatively and postoperatively to assess CPB-related metabolic changes. The follow-up period after surgery was 6 months. Key demographic and operative parameters were recorded, and early and late postoperative complications were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in operative parameters or postoperative complications between the DECELL and CELL groups. Adult sheep exhibited longer anesthesia, CPB, and operative times due to tissue fragility but demonstrated better long-term survival than juveniles, who experienced more late-stage complications, including endocarditis. CPB exposure increased lactate and reduced hemoglobin levels, particularly in adult sheep, affecting homeostasis. The overall mortality rate was 42.1%, with deaths primarily attributed to congestive heart failure and endocarditis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Valve type did not significantly affect short-term outcomes and ADSC-seeding had no significant impact on operative parameters, postoperative complications, or survival rate. However, age remained a crucial factor influencing both surgical complexity and survival, highlighting the need for age-specific strategies in tissue-engineered valve applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1019-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mulberry Silk Worm Pupae Oil and Prussian Blue Nanoparticle Enriched Multi-Faceted Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber for Infectious Full Thickness Skin Wound Healing.","authors":"Manish Kumar, Dilip Kumar Arya, Salem Salman Almujri, Kumarappan Chidambaram, Prashant Pandey, Anit Kumar, Giriraj Pandey, Akash Sharma, Mohini Chaurasiya, M Arockia Babu, R Venkatesh Kumar, Ravi Kr Gupta, Saurabh Srivastava, P S Rajinikanth","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00751-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-025-00751-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, electrospun nanofiber composite scaffolds encaged with bioactive agents have gained prominence as an innovative therapy for managing full-thickness infectious wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study mainly focuses on the development and comprehensive characterization of multi-component polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based nanofiber scaffolds incorporating pupae oil (PO) and Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) using electrospinning technique for accelerated full thickness infectious wound healing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs revealed a porous, interconnected fibrous structure with diameters ranging between 200 and 300 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compatibility and successful incorporation of PO and PBNPs into the scaffolds. The scaffolds exhibited optimal biodegradation over a two-week period and demonstrated appropriate water uptake capacity to absorb wound exudates. Furthermore, they displayed potent antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), as well as minimal microbial penetration across nanofiber scaffolds. In vitro studies on L-929 fibroblast cells indicated improved cell viability, migration, cell adhesion, and proliferation. In vivo evaluation in an infected rat model demonstrated rapid wound closure and improved tissue regeneration. Moreover, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and masson-trichome staining corroborated the scaffolds' excellent wound healing efficacy. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated significant downregulation of key pro-inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the bioinspired, multi-component PVA-based nanofiber scaffolds loaded with natural bioactive agents (PO and PBNPs), hold great potential as a therapeutic strategy for promoting enhanced healing of full-thickness infected wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Conditions: A Comparative Review.","authors":"Jun Beom Ku, Ray J Pak, Sarah S Ku, Robert D Holland, Han-Soo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00757-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-025-00757-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurotraumatic conditions, such as spinal cord injury, brain injury, and neurodegenerative conditions, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pose a challenge to the field of rehabilitation for its complexity and nuances in management. For decades, the use of cell therapy in treatment of neurorehabilitation conditions have been explored to complement the current, mainstay treatment options; however, a consensus for standardization of the cell therapy and its efficacy has not been reached in the medical community. This study aims to provide a comparative review on the very topic of cell therapy use in neurorehabilitation conditions in an attempt to bridge the gap in knowledge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were searched from the PubMed database published from 2014 to 2024 employing the terms including but not exclusive to \"spinal cord injury,\" \"brain injury,\" \"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,\" \"regenerative medicine,\" \"cell therapy,\" and \"stem cell.\" Following the PRISMA 2020 statement, the studies were screened, included, and excluded. Thirty three studies were identified and selected for this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Countless researchers investigated the efficacy of various stem cell products for the treatment of numerous neurotraumatic conditions, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The recent decade of studies suggest that in neurotraumatic conditions, bone-marrow-derived and neural stem cells can be effective, and in neurodegenerative conditions, such as ALS, mesenchymal and neural stem cells can be efficacious.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emerging data from the latest research is encouraging to the patients suffering from neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative conditions, which present themselves as a need for further studies with improved standardization in study design, including cell source specification, differentiation and culture method, and outcome measures to ensure a wide applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on the Attenuation of Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren Syndrome Animal Model.","authors":"Youngseo Jeon, Soojung Shin, Eun Jeong Cheon, Yongmin Kwon, Jin Uk Beak, Hyun Jung Lee, Jaesung Park, So-Hyang Chung","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00755-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-025-00755-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease delineated by excessive lymphocyte infiltration to the lacrimal or salivary glands, leading to dry eye and dry mouth. Exosomes secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known to have anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration abilities. This study endeavored to demonstrate the effect of MSC-derived exosomes on the clinical parameter of dry eyes and associated pathology in SS mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exosomes obtained from bone marrow-derived human MSC (Catholic MASTER Cells) were injected into the subconjunctival sac of 17 weeks-old NOD/LtJ female mice once and sacrificed after 7 days, or administered topically as an eyedrop every day for 14 days, then sacrificed. Clinical dry eye parameters, including tear volume and corneal staining scores, density of goblet cells in the conjunctiva, pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions of cornea and conjunctiva, and the lacrimal glands were evaluated. Infiltration of inflammatory foci, and expression of B and T cells in the lacrimal glands were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tear volume, corneal stain scores and density of goblet cells in conjunctiva were improved in the exosome-treated groups compared to the control group. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions were also reduced in the cornea and conjunctiva of the exosome-treated group. In the lacrimal glands of the exosome-treated mice, inflammatory foci infiltration and B cell marker expressions were significantly decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thus, this study demonstrated the amelioration of dry eyes with the administration of exosomes in SS animal model, suggesting promising therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in SS dry eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Vehicles for the Regeneration of Mouse Endometrial Damage Model.","authors":"Ji Yeon Han, Yoon Young Kim, Bo Bin Choi, Sung Woo Kim, Seung-Yup Ku","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00761-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-025-00761-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometrial damage is a critical factor contributing to infertility, particularly in women with refractory thin endometrium or intrauterine adhesions. Therefore, developing innovative therapeutic strategies for endometrial regeneration is essential. This study evaluates the regenerative potential of endometrial stromal cell (EMSC) injection and EMSC-loaded patch application in a mouse model with ethanol-induced endometrial damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mouse model of endometrial damage was established using ethanol injection into the uterine horn. EMSCs were isolated, cultured, and either HA-injected into the damaged endometrium or transplanted via a small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-based EMSC patch. Histological analyses were performed to assess endometrial thickness, gland regeneration, and fibrosis reduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both EMSC injection and SIS-based EMSC patch engraftment promoted endometrial regeneration. However, the SIS-based EMSC patch group exhibited significant improvements in endometrial thickness, gland formation, and fibrosis reduction compared to the EMSC injection group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the superior regenerative potential of an SIS-based EMSC patch over direct EMSC injection for endometrial repair. The findings suggest that scaffold-assisted cell therapy could be a promising approach for treating endometrial damage-related infertility. Further studies are required to optimize this strategy for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Skeletal Muscle Cell Spheroids for Treating Dexamethasone-Induced Sarcopenia.","authors":"Yoonji Yum, Juhee Yoon, Yu Hwa Nam, Duk-Hee Kang, Sung-Chul Jung, Saeyoung Park","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00753-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-025-00753-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia, a musculoskeletal disease associated with aging or certain factors, is characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, strength, and performance. Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscular atrophy in animals, which shows a significant decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function, serves as a model for sarcopenia. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies, particularly those using 3D cultured spheroids, have emerged as a prominent area in muscle regeneration. Previous research has demonstrated that tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) can differentiate into skeletal muscle cells (SKMCs) that exhibit attributes of skeletal muscles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Spheroids formed from TMSC-derived skeletal muscle cells (TMSC-SKMC-spheroids) were produced using microwells and subsequently transplanted into a sarcopenia model. This model utilized a dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscular atrophy rat to mimic sarcopenia. The effectiveness of TMSC-SKMC-spheroid transplantation was assessed through grip strength tests, running fatigue tests, measurements of gastrocnemius muscle thickness and weight, and histopathological evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-transplantation, the rat models exhibited improvement in hind limb motor functions and gastrocnemius muscle regeneration. Additionally, the neuromuscular junctions in the gastrocnemius muscle of the transplantation group were restored.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of TMSC-SKMC-spheroids in the DEX-induced atrophy rat model and suggest their promise as a valuable therapeutic resource for sarcopenia caused by various factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Infertility-Related Female Reproductive System Diseases: A Review of Current and Future Applications.","authors":"Yanyan Liu, Yuanyuan Ma, Lihong Wang, Congmei Liu, Xianghua Huang, Jingkun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00754-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-025-00754-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infertility has a significant impact on women, affecting them both mentally and physically. Some of the current infertility-related diseases include intrauterine adhesions, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency, and cancer. While existing treatments can help slow diseases progression and improve fertility for some patients, overall recovery rates remain low. The use of three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) is becoming increasingly popular in clinical settings due to its high precision, customizable materials, and mechanical properties. In the state of infertility, its therapeutic potential is becoming more evident.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this paper, we summarized the current treatment status of female infertility-related diseases, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, intrauterine adhesions, MRKH syndrome and other diseases, used databases such as PubMed, described the research progress and future development direction of 3D bioprinting in these diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3D bioprinting technology could help repair damaged endometrial and ovarian tissue, and was able to create cell-loaded biological scaffolds to help restore the structure and function of affected organs. Furthermore, the development of organoids is opening new ways for research in regenerative medicine. It is expected that 3D bioprinting will not only be able to create organoid structures for research purposes but will also be utilized in clinical settings to effectively address infertility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>3D bioprinting is gaining popularity in the clinical field due to its high resolution, adjustable composition, and mechanical qualities. Infertility-related disorders damage women by inflicting a psychological and functional double blow. According to the current research, the application of 3D bioprinting technology to help patients restore fertility function has endless possibilities in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun PCL/GelMA Composite Scaffolds for Muscle Tissue Engineering.","authors":"Min Ji Hong, Goeun Bae, Won-Gun Koh, Karthika Muthuramalingam, Hyun Jong Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00750-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-025-00750-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle tissue engineering seeks to develop biomimetic scaffolds capable of restoring or replacing damaged muscle by promoting cell alignment, proliferation, and differentiation within a controlled microenvironment. This study presents a novel hybrid scaffold combining electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers with gelatin methacryloly (GelMA) hydrogel. The scaffold integrates the topographical guidance of aligned PCL fibers with the supportive 3D matrix of GelMA to promote muscle tissue formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electrospun PCL fibers (random/aligned) were incorporated into GelMA hydrogel to form a composite scaffold. Fiber morphology and orientation were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface modification of PCL fibers following plasma treatment was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were assessed through tensile testing, and viscoelastic behavior was evaluated via rheometry. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using live/dead and metabolic assays. Myogenic differentiation was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of myosin heavy chain 2 (MYH2), and myotube formation was quantified by fusion index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aligned PCL fibers significantly enhanced scaffold mechanics, with tensile strength and Young's modulus increasing five- and six-fold, respectively, compared to randomly oriented fibers. The fiber-reinforced GelMA scaffold showed a 45-fold increase in storage modulus (G') relative to GelMA alone. Enhanced cell viability and proliferation were observed. F-actin staining confirmed cell alignment along the fiber axis. MYH2 expression indicated improved myogenic differentiation, with the highest fusion index reaching 34.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PCL/GelMA hybrid scaffold exhibits excellent mechanical and biological performance, highlighting its potential for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratin Scaffold Formulation Impacts rhBMP-2 Biodistribution and Bone Regeneration in a Rat Femur Defect Model.","authors":"Justin M Saul, Judy S Bohnert, Molly O'Brien, Saif Alnuaimi, Troy P Carnwath, Quinn Dunivan, Douglas W Coffin, Thomas L Smith","doi":"10.1007/s13770-025-00747-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-025-00747-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment for nonunion in long bones remains a clinical need. Collagen sponges loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) are potential grafts but have limited FDA-approved applications due to safety concerns associated with rapid collagen resorption and burst release of rhBMP-2 in vivo. This work investigates keratin proteins obtained from human hair as a potential rhBMP-2 biomaterial carrier. Keratins are an appealing carrier because the extent of disulfide crosslinking can be modulated by the form of keratin present, thus allowing control over the rate of scaffold degradation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The two forms of keratin used to formulate carriers were reductively extracted keratin called kerateine (KTN) that can form disulfide crosslinks and oxidatively extracted keratin called keratose (KOS) that does not form disulfide crosslinks. Five formulations of freeze-dried keratin scaffolds containing variable amounts of KOS and KTN were fabricated and implanted into a critically-sized rat femur defect model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 50:50 KOS:KTN formulation with rhBMP-2 showed the same level of bone bridging, bone mineral density, and bone volume as collagen with rhBMP-2 by 8 weeks as determined by μ-CT. Scaffolds with the 50:50 KOS:KTN or 100% KTN showed approximately fourfold higher retention of fluorescently-labeled rhBMP-2 at the implant site 1, 3, or 7 days post-implant compared to collagen or 100% KOS scaffolds. The increased retention with 50:50 KOS:KTN or 100% KTN correlated with decreased levels of fluorescent rhBMP-2 in distal organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Keratin scaffolds could provide comparable levels of bone regeneration as collagen carriers with improved safety profiles suitable for use in long bone nonunions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}