Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine最新文献

{"title":"Treatment of Syringomyelia Characterized by Focal Dilatation of the Central Canal Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells","authors":"Mo Li, Xinyu Wang, Boling Qi, Shengyu Cui, Tianqi Zheng, Yunqian Guan, Longbing Ma, Sumei Liu, Qian Li, Zhiguo Chen, Fengzeng Jian","doi":"10.1007/s13770-024-00637-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-024-00637-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">BACKGROUND:</h3><p>Syringomyelia is a progressive chronic disease that leads to nerve pain, sensory dissociation, and dyskinesia. Symptoms often do not improve after surgery. Stem cells have been widely explored for the treatment of nervous system diseases due to their immunoregulatory and neural replacement abilities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">METHODS:</h3><p>In this study, we used a rat model of syringomyelia characterized by focal dilatation of the central canal to explore an effective transplantation scheme and evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells and induced neural stem cells for the treatment of syringomyelia.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">RESULTS:</h3><p>The results showed that cell transplantation could not only promote syrinx shrinkage but also stimulate the proliferation of ependymal cells, and the effect of this result was related to the transplantation location. These reactions appeared only when the cells were transplanted into the cavity. Additionally, we discovered that cell transplantation transformed activated microglia into the M2 phenotype. IGF1-expressing M2 microglia may play a significant role in the repair of nerve pain.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">CONCLUSION:</h3><p>Cell transplantation can promote cavity shrinkage and regulate the local inflammatory environment. Moreover, the proliferation of ependymal cells may indicate the activation of endogenous stem cells, which is important for the regeneration and repair of spinal cord injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids: A Promising Tool for Vascularized Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Yoonjoo Kang, Jinwoo Na, Gul Karima, Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam, Nathaniel S. Hwang, Hwan D. Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13770-024-00636-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-024-00636-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specific cell lineages when exposed to the right conditions. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into particular cells is considered very important in biological research and clinical applications. MSC spheroids are clusters of MSCs cultured in three dimensions, which play an important role in enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. MSCs can also participate in vascular formation by differentiating into endothelial cells and secreting paracrine factors. Vascularization ability is essential in impaired tissue repair and function recovery. Therefore, the vascularization ability of MSCs, which enhances angiogenesis and accelerates tissue healing has made MSCs a promising tool for tissue regeneration. However, MSC spheroids are a relatively new research field, and more research is needed to understand their full potential.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this review, we highlight the importance of MSC spheroids’ vascularization ability in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine while providing the current status of studies on the MSC spheroids’ vascularization and suggesting potential future research directions for MSC spheroids.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Studies both in vivo and in vitro have demonstrated MSC spheroids’ capacity to develop into endothelial cells and stimulate vasculogenesis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>MSC spheroids show potential to enhance vascularization ability in tissue regeneration. Yet, further research is required to comprehensively understand the relationship between MSC spheroids and vascularization mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Main Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatments against COVID-19","authors":"Jinling Li, Shipei He, Hang Yang, Lizeai Zhang, Jie Xiao, Chaoyi Liang, Sijia Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13770-024-00633-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-024-00633-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a clinical manifestation of hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, COVID-19 still lacks of effective clinical treatments so far. As a promising potential treatment against COVID-19, stem cell therapy raised recently and had attracted much attention. Here we review the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments against COVID-19, and provide potential cues for the effective control of COVID-19 in the future.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Literature is obtained from databases PubMed and Web of Science. Key words were chosen for COVID- 19, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell therapy, and therapeutic mechanism. Then we summarize and critically analyze the relevant articles retrieved.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p> Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a potential effective treatment against COVID-19. Its therapeutic efficacy is mainly reflected in reducing severe pulmonary inflammation, reducing lung injury, improving pulmonary function, protecting and repairing lung tissue of the patients. Possible therapeutic mechanisms might include immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory effect, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis effect, antiviral, and antibacterial effect, MSC - EVs, and so on.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Mesenchymal stem cells can effectively treat COVID-19 through immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis, anti-virus and antibacterial, MSC - EVs, and other ways. Systematically elucidating the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19 will provide novel insights into the follow-up research and development of new therapeutic strategies in next step.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Inhibition of Hepatic Fibrosis by Delivering miR-200a","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s13770-024-00631-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-024-00631-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Background:</h3> <p>Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a common pathological feature of chronic hepatic diseases. We aimed to illuminate the significance of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (AMSCs-EVs) in HF.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods:</h3> <p>Human AMSCs-EVs were isolated and identified. HF mice were constructed and treated with EVs. The fibrosis was observed by staining experiments and Western blot (WB) assay. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) were detected to confirm liver function. For the <em>in vitro</em> experiments, human hepatic stellate cells were induced with transforming growth factor-β and treated with EVs. To measure the degree of HF, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen I was detected by WB assay, and cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit 8 assay. The levels of miR-200a, Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3) were detected by WB and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The binding of ZEB1 to PIK3R3 and miR-200a to ZEB1 was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays to validate their relationships.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results:</h3> <p>Human AMSCs and AMSCs-EVs were obtained. Serum ALT, AST, TBIL, and hepatic Hyp were increased, implying the fibrosis degree was aggravated in HF mice, which was decreased again after EV treatment. EVs inhibited HF degree by reducing α-SMA and Collagen I and promoting cell proliferation. AMSCs-EVs delivered miR-200a into hepatocytes, which up-regulated miR-200a expression, inhibited ZEB1 expression, and reduced its enrichment on the PIK3R3 promoter, therefore inhibiting PIK3R3 expression and alleviating HF. Overexpression of ZEB1 or PIK3R3 attenuated the anti-fibrotic effect of AMSCs-EVs.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion:</h3> <p>Human AMSCs-derived EVs mediated miR-200a delivery and inhibition of intracellular ZEB1/PIK3R3 axis to exert anti-fibrosis effects.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Inflammatory Responses to Enhance Nerve Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Young-Kwon Seo","doi":"10.1007/s13770-024-00639-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-024-00639-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation can occur at the wound site, and immune cells are necessary to trigger wound healing and tissue regeneration after injury. It is partly initiated by the rapid migration of immune cells such as neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, and macrophages after spinal cord injury (SCI). Secondary inflammation can increase the wound area; thus, the function of tissues below the injury levels. Monocytes can differentiate into macrophages, and the macrophage phenotype can change from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, various studies on immunomodulation have been performed to suppress secondary inflammation upon nerve damage. This editorial commentary focuses on various therapeutic methods that modulate inflammation and promote functional regeneration after SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":"367-368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabricating Composite Cell Sheets for Wound Healing: Cell Sheets Based on the Communication Between BMSCs and HFSCs Facilitate Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing.","authors":"Gongjian Li, Qin Wang, Hao Liu, Zuojun Yang, Yuhan Wu, Li He, Xiaoyuan Deng","doi":"10.1007/s13770-023-00614-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-023-00614-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insufficient angiogenesis and the lack of skin appendages are critical challenges in cutaneous wound healing. Stem cell-fabricated cell sheets have become a promising strategy, but cell sheets constructed by a single cell type are inadequate to provide a comprehensive proregenerative microenvironment for wound tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the communication between cells, in this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were cocultured to fabricate a composite cell sheet (H/M-CS) for the treatment of full-thickness skin wounds in mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experiments confirmed that there is cell-cell communication between BMSCs and HFSCs, which enhances the cell proliferation and migration abilities of both cell types. Cell-cell talk also upregulates the gene expression of pro-angiogenic-related cytokines in BMSCs and pro-hair follicle-related cytokines in HFSCs, as well as causing changes in the properties of secreted extracellular matrix components.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, the composite cell sheet is more conducive for cutaneous wound healing and promoting the regeneration of blood vessels and hair follicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":"421-435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Constructing Tissue-Engineered Fat for Soft Tissue Regeneration.","authors":"Jing Zhao, Feng Lu, Ziqing Dong","doi":"10.1007/s13770-023-00607-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-023-00607-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repairing soft tissue defects caused by inflammation, tumors, and trauma remains a major challenge for surgeons. Adipose tissue engineering (ATE) provides a promising way to solve this problem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review summarizes the current ATE strategies for soft tissue reconstruction, and introduces potential construction methods for ATE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies are the two main approaches in ATE. Although several of these methods have been effective clinically, both scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies have limitations. The third strategy is a synergistic tissue engineering strategy and combines the advantages of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Personalized construction, stable survival of reconstructed tissues and functional recovery of organs are future goals of building tissue-engineered fat for ATE.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":"395-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of IFN-γ-Primed Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Hyunjeong Kim, Yerin Kim, So-Yeon Yun, Bu-Kyu Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13770-023-00620-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-023-00620-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative disease affecting the cartilage and subchondral bone, leading to temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. The complex nature of TMJOA warrants effective alternative treatments, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in regenerative therapies. The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to ascertain the optimal interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-primed MSC cell line for TMJOA treatment, and secondly, to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-γ-primed mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord matrix in a rat model of TMJOA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed changes in the expression of several key genes associated with OA protection in MSC-secreted compounds. Following this, we performed co-culture experiments using a transwell system to predict gene expression changes in primed MSCs in the TMJOA environment. Subsequently, we investigated the efficacy of the selected IFN-γ-primed human umbilical cord matrix-derived MSCs (hUCM-MSCs) for TMJOA treatment in a rat model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IFN-γ-primed MSCs exhibited enhanced expression of IDO, TSG-6, and FGF-2. Moreover, co-culturing with rat OA chondrocytes induced a decrease in pro-inflammatory and extracellular matrix degradation factors. In the rat TMJOA model, IFN-γ-primed MSCs with elevated IDO1, TSG-6, and FGF2 expression exhibited robust anti-inflammatory and therapeutic capacities, promoting the improvement of the inflammatory environment and cartilage regeneration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing the mitigation of the inflammatory milieu in TMJOA treatment and highlight IFN-γ-primed MSCs secreting these three factors as a promising, comprehensive therapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":"473-486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes Secreted During Myogenic Differentiation of Human Fetal Cartilage-Derived Progenitor Cells Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration through miR-145-5p.","authors":"Dong Il Shin, Yong Jun Jin, Sujin Noh, Hee-Woong Yun, Do Young Park, Byoung-Hyun Min","doi":"10.1007/s13770-023-00618-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13770-023-00618-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, there is no apparent treatment for sarcopenia, which is characterized by diminished myoblast function. We aimed to manufacture exosomes that retain the myogenic differentiation capacity of human fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells (hFCPCs) and investigate their muscle regenerative efficacy in myoblasts and a sarcopenia rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The muscle regeneration potential of exosomes (F-Exo) secreted during myogenic differentiation of hFCPCs was compared to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived (hBMSCs) exosomes (B-Exo) in myoblasts and sarcopenia rat model. The effect of F-Exo was analyzed through known microRNAs (miRNAs) analysis. The mechanism of action of F-Exo was confirmed by measuring the expression of proteins involved in the Wnt signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>F-Exo and B-Exo showed similar exosome characteristics. However, F-Exo induced the expression of muscle markers (MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC) and myotube formation in myoblasts more effectively than B-Exo. Moreover, F-Exo induced greater increases in muscle fiber cross-sectional area and muscle mass compared to B-Exo in a sarcopenia rat. The miR-145-5p, relevant to muscle regeneration, was found in high concentrations in the F-Exo, and RNase pretreatment reduced the efficacy of exosomes. The effects of F-Exo on the expression of myogenic markers in myoblasts were paralleled by the miR-145-5p mimics, while the inhibitor partially negated this effect. F-Exo was involved in the Wnt signaling pathway by enhancing the expression of Wnt5a and β-catenin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>F-Exo improved muscle regeneration by activating the Wnt signaling pathway via abundant miR-145-5p, mimicking the remarkable myogenic differentiation potential of hFCPCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":" ","pages":"487-497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Clinical Applications and Ethical Issues","authors":"Soo Jin Park, Yoon Young Kim, Ji Yeon Han, Sung Woo Kim, Hoon Kim, Seung-Yup Ku","doi":"10.1007/s13770-024-00627-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-024-00627-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background:</h3><p>The development and use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in regenerative medicine have been revolutionary, offering significant advancements in treating various diseases. These pluripotent cells, derived from early human embryos, are central to modern biomedical research. However, their application is mired in ethical and regulatory complexities related to the use of human embryos.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method:</h3><p>This review utilized key databases such as ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, PubMed, and Google Scholar to gather recent clinical trials and studies involving hESCs. The focus was on their clinical application in regenerative medicine, emphasizing clinical trials and research directly involving hESCs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results:</h3><p>Preclinical studies and clinical trials in various areas like ophthalmology, neurology, endocrinology, and reproductive medicine have demonstrated the versatility of hESCs in regenerative medicine. These studies underscore the potential of hESCs in treating a wide array of conditions. However, the field faces ethical and regulatory challenges, with significant variations in policies and perspectives across different countries.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion:</h3><p>The potential of hESCs in regenerative medicine is immense, offering new avenues for treating previously incurable diseases. However, navigating the ethical, legal, and regulatory landscapes is crucial for the continued advancement and responsible application of hESC research in the medical field. Considering both scientific potential and ethical implications, a balanced approach is essential for successfully integrating hESCs into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23126,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}