The Scientific Journal Grain Crops最新文献

{"title":"Determination of ecological plasticity and stability for female components of maize hybrids","authors":"V. Cherchel, А. V. Aldoshyn, L. М. Svinitskyi","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0229","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In Ukraine, a sharp manifestation of unfavorable climate elements for growing hybrid maize seeds, brought to the fore the tolerance of the female components of hybrids to environmental factors limiting the formation of potential yield. Therefore, the study and evaluation of the ecological plasticity and stability of female components are an urgent issue of the modern seed production of maize hybrids. Purpose. To determine the requirements of the female components of maize hybrids to environmental conditions. Materials and Methods. During the research, 20 female components of maize hybrids bred by the SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS were used. The female components were single cross sterile hybrids. The methodology of S. A. Eberhart, V. A. Russell, edited by A. Zykin and others, was used. The methodology is based on the calculation of two parameters: the linear regression coefficient bi (ecological plasticity) and the dispersion σd² (ecological stability). Results. The grain yield of the female components was determined in five years of the research. The influence of environmental conditions on the yield of female components of maize hybrids was determined. The female components were distributed according to the requirements for growing conditions. Conclusions. The most valuable, highly intensive female components include sister hybrids Kros253C, Kros256C, Kros247C and Kros238C with high environmental plasticity and stability. To realize the potential yield, they need a high agricultural background under favorable weather conditions. Female components Kros364M and Kros368M with high regression coefficient and root mean square deviation are less valuable because their high plasticity is combined with low yield stability. It is desirable to grow these female components only on a high agricultural background under favorable climatic conditions to get the maximum yield. Hybrids Kros254M, Kros255M, Kros266S, Kros277M, Kros301M, etc., have low environmental plasticity and high yield stability. These hybrids will give maximum returns for minimum costs in extensive cultivation. Keywords: female component, yield, hybrid, adaptation, regression coefficient, root mean square deviation, stability, plasticity","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91031665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The results of studying the productivity indicators of three-line sunflower hybrids and their parental forms under the influence of weather conditions","authors":"N. M. Kutishcheva, L. I. Shudria, S. Odinets, O. V. Bezsusidnii, V. O. Sereda","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0235","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. At the present stage, the basis of the Ukrainian economy is agricultural production. Agriculture is the only sphere that is as dependent on weather fluctuations as any other. And it constantly has to adapt to the ongoing climate change. Climate changes, which cause an increase in temperatures, changes in the amount of precipitation and its distribution during the growth season, unstable weather conditions, the spread of pests and diseases, threaten the production of sunflower hybrids. The question about the influence of weather factors on the formation of productive traits of both hybrids and their parental forms, the dependence of agricultural crops on weather factors (temperature and precipitation, both for the entire growth season and for several months) is relevant. Purpose. To study of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of productive traits of hybrids and their parental components. Materials and Methods. The triple hybrids of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Ahent, Ahronomicnyi, Kameniar, Marshal, Zaporizkyi 28, their parental components – single-cross sterile hybrids ZL(22х102)A, ZL(42х46)A, ZL(42х58)A and the restorers of fertility ZL512Rf, ZL678Rf and ZL7034Rf were studied. Results. Over the years of research, yield fluctuations reached to 0.90 t/ha for Ahent hybrid, 1.66 t/ha – Agronomichnyi, 0.13 t/ha – Marshal, 0.96 t/ha – Kameniar and 0.58 t/ha – Zaporizkyi 28. The highest yields and oil yield per unit area were in 2018. According to the results of three-year trials on hybrids and their parental forms, the Marshal hybrid had the highest yield – 2.64 t/ha with seed oil content of 50.78 % in 2016. Also in 2016, all pollen fertility restorers had the highest yields and oil yields. In 2018, four out of five hybrids showed the highest yields and oil yield per unit area. In 2017, the lowest oil content in the seeds of the tested hybrids was in the range of 45.16–48.49 % for Ahent and Zaporizkyi 28, respectively. Conclusions. It was established that Marshal is the most productive hybrid for sunflower cultivation in the southern Steppe of Ukraine, its average yield was 2.56 t/ha that exceeded by 0.27–0.48 t/ha this indicator in other hybrids. Key words: sunflower, hybrid, yield, oil content, 1000 seeds weight, oil yield, weather conditions, precipitation, temperature, sum of active temperatures, correlation coefficient","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88705294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrophysical indicators of ordinary chernozem depending on the methods of its tillage in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"E. B. Medvediev","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0248","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The spread of negative processes in the soil associated with the aggravation of the economic situation in modern Ukraine, the rapid rise in prices for equipment, fuels and lubricants, the replacement of energy-intensive traditional tillage systems with non-moldboard and other resource-saving ones, requires further and deeper research on their impact on her agrophysical indicators. Purpose. To study the influence of the primary tillage on the agrophysical indicators of ordinary chernozem in the link of the field grain-fallow-row crop rotation (winter wheat after maize of milk-wax ripeness - peas for grain - winter wheat) in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Methods of primary tillage based on moldboard plowing and non-moldboard loosening against the background of moldboard plowing for corn were studied. In experimental studies, we used field, laboratory and statistical-mathematical methods. The agrophysical parameters of the soil were determined according to generally accepted methods. Results. No significant difference has been found in the influence of the primary tillage methods on the soil density in the 0–30 cm layer under the crops of the crop rotation link in spring and at their harvesting. In 2011 and 2012, there was a significant increase in the number of water-stable aggregates (over 0.25 mm) in the soil under non-moldboard tillage, compared with plowing, under all crops of the crop rotation link in the spring and during harvesting, mainly in the 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers. This was more often observed in the spring – on average for 2010–2012, the difference in this indicator in the soil layer of 0–30 cm for the crops of the crop rotation link was: winter wheat after maize of milk-wax ripeness – 1.9, peas – 4.4 and winter wheat after peas – 3.0 %, and on average for the crop rotation link – 3.1 It is established that moldboardless tillage contributes to a significant reduction in moisture consumption for unproductive evaporation in conditions of frequently repeated drought events. Conclusions. The studied methods of primary tillage of ordinary heavy loam chernozem equally affect the bulk density and do not cause deterioration of this indicator. The non-moldboard tillage improves the water resistance of the arable soil layer under crops in the crop rotation link and reduces moisture consumption for evaporation, compared to plowing. Key words: tillage, density, water resistance, productive moisture, winter wheat, peas","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78107724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic sources of resistance bread winter wheat to leaf (brown) rust and their value in juvenile stage of growing","authors":"Y. I. Kirchuk, Y. V. Alieksieienko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0228","url":null,"abstract":"Actuality of the topic. With the growth of prices for fungicides, the ecological crisis of the biosphere, the absence of a wide range of donors, and with the constant variability of the pathogen, resistance of bread winter wheat plants is lost, therefore, it is important to search for new effective sources of resistance and involve them in breeding work for resistance to leaf rust. The purpose of the research is to compare genotypes of different ecological and geographical origin and to determine the best genetic sources of resistance to brown rust for their effective use in breeding. Methods. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions; Bread winter wheat samples were contaminated with leaf (brown) rust spores in the juvenile stage of growing. Research results. Among the four analyzed genetic sources of resistance of different ecological and geographical origins, the best were the representative genotypes from other breeding institutions of Ukraine. According to the average indicator of resistance, their average level of resistance was at the level of 6.5 points on a 9-point scale, and genotypes of Western European origin – 5.2 points, genotypes of selection from SGI–NCSS and CIMMYT-ICARDA - Turkey had the worst score – 4.6 and 3.4 points. Summary. The fact that bread winter wheat genotypes from other breeding institutions of Ukraine and Western European origin are the best can be explained by the formation of these genotypes in optimal conditions for the development of leaf (brown) rust, which served as a natural infectious background for selection for resistance to this trait. However, among genetic sources with low resistance, there are samples with increased resistance, which, in combination with other adaptive traits, can be successfully used in the selection of bread winter wheat for resistance to leaf (brown) rust for the south of Ukraine. Keywords: bread winter wheat, leaf (brown) rust, sources of resistance, genotypes-representatives, resistance","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90344086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of tillage and fertilizers on the weed infestation of field crop rotation link in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"E. B. Medvediev","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0246","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In the current conditions in Ukraine, the issues of weed control in crops do not lose their relevance due to the negative processes caused by the aggravation of the economic situation, the rapid soaring prices on mineral fertilizers, machinery, fuels and lubricants, plant protection products, the replacement of energy-intensive traditional tillage systems with moldboardless and other resource-saving ones. Purpose. To study the influence of tillage and fertilizers on the weed infestation of agricultural crops in the link of the field grain-fallow-row crop rotation: winter wheat after maize (milk-wax ripeness) – grain peas – winter wheat in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Methods of tillage with applying mineral fertilizers under the primary tillage were tested. The field and statistical-mathematical methods were used in experimental studies. The number of weeds in crops was determined by the quantitative-weight method using square frames. Results. It was established that moldboardless tillage in the crop rotation link against the background of plowing under maize and harrowing with light harrows during the growing season leads in comparison with moldboard tillage to the following increase in weed infestation – on average for years of research: annual weeds during the growing season: in peas crops – by 40.6 (without fertilizers), 44.2 (with recommended dose) and 51.6 (with calculated dose) pcs/m2; before harvesting: by 22.7, 24.4 and 36.4 pcs/m2, respectively; in winter wheat crops after peas – by 0.5, 11.9 and 19.4 pcs/m2; 5.8, 8.4 and 6.7 pcs./m2, respectively; perennials in winter wheat crops after peas during the growing season: by 10.4, 9.1 and 10.9 pcs/m2; before harvesting: by 19.1, 18.3 and 20.0 pcs/m2, respectively. The application of mineral fertilizers increases germination of annual weed seeds. This was most clearly observed in winter wheat crops after maize of milk-wax ripeness. A tendency towards an increase in the air-dry weight of weeds under fertilization was revealed for all crops in the crop rotation link. Conclusions. Moldboardless tillage increases the number of weeds, but does not increase their air-dry weight, and decreases grain yield and quality. Mineral fertilizers applied in the experiment increase the air-dry weight of weeds and the number of their annual species. The species composition of weeds in the crops did not depend on the method of tillage. Key words: weeds, tillage, mineral fertilizers, winter wheat, peas","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life devoted to the Queen of the Fields","authors":"V. Cherchel, N. A. Bodenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88304321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the results of studying the soft winter wheat collection by tolerance to powdery mildew","authors":"R. Vyskub, O. Viniukov","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0225","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Thanks to analysis and systematization of wheat collection, we will be able to obtain new sources of tolerance and create a trait collection for the developing tolerant varieties suitable for cultivation in different ecozones of Ukraine. Yield losses from pathogens can be reduced by introducing new varieties with a wide genetic base of group tolerance. Purpose. To characterize the soft winter wheat collection in terms of tolerance to powdery mildew in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. During 2011–2019, the research was conducted at the Ustymivka Research Station of Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev NAAS of Ukraine. We studied 1406 samples of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 33 countries, including 53.1 % – Ukrainian origin, 10.1 % – from Turkey, 8.6 % – from the United States, 6.9 % – from Russia, 17.0 % – from Europe. Research methods: field, dialectical, hypothesis, synthesis, induction, statistical, observation. Results. The manifestation of the main foliar diseases on collection samples of soft winter wheat was observed to determine field tolerance to diseases in the following organogenesis stages: autumn tillering, spring budding, stem elongation, beginning of heading, milk-dough maturity. In the early growth and development stages of wheat plants (seedlings – heading), plants were insignificantly damaged by powdery mildew. In the autumn tillering stage, 5 samples out of 234 were not affected by powdery mildew: 831/10, 853/10 (UKR), Pesma (YUG), Gruia, Gloria (ROU). During the period of stem elongation, there are 12 samples of soft winter wheat susceptible to this disease in this stage of organogenesis. Arid conditions in 2012 and 2013 were more favorable for distribution of the wheat collection for disease tolerance at the heading stage, in which the susceptible and weakly susceptible samples under study accounted for approximately 14 %. The maximum damage by this pathogen occurs in milky-wax ripeness of wheat. Distribution by the level of tolerance significantly depends on the conditions of a particular year. Thus, in 2011 (excessively humid conditions), the percentage of susceptible samples of wheat to the pathogen was 57.5 %; in 2012 and 2013, a larger group of samples was noted as weakly susceptible. The significant influence of the amount of precipitation and the level of hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) on the number of susceptible wheat samples to powdery mildew during heading (r = 0,83 and r = 0,91, respectively) was established. The average level of correlation between the indicators of the number of highly susceptible wheat samples to this disease and the level of HTC (r = 0,33) was noted. The method of distant hybridization using foreign genes helps to obtain lines more resistant to specific pathogens of soft winter wheat. Conclusions. Distribution of winter wheat samples by the level of tolerance to powdery mildew depended significantly on th","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89488230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic activity of winter rye plants (Secale Cereale L.) in dependence on cultivation conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"М. М. Solodushko, Yu. V. Bezsusidnia","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0269","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Today, studying the influence of agrotechnical methods on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties, depending on the predecessors, sowing dates and mineral nutrition, allows to achieve full biological potential of plants and determine the optimal technological parameters for increasing grain yield in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Purpose. To conduct investigations on the peculiarities of photosynthetic activity of modern winter rye varieties depending on their predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the mineral nutrition content in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In 2018–2021, the research was conducted on the basis of the Experimental Farm \"Dnipro\" of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. There were four factors in the experiment. The winter rye varieties Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir were sown after sunflower and spring barley in the early (5–10 September), optimal (20–25 September) and late (5–10 October) dates. Results. Winter rye, sown after spring barley, had a larger leaf area, leaf index and higher values of photosynthetic potential compared to the experimental variants where this crop was sown after sunflower. The maximum values of these parameters were observed in plants of different varieties when sown on 20–25 September with N45 applied on frozen-thawed soil after both predecessors. Over the years of research, annual average values of leaf area in the heading stage of plants grown after stubble predecessor for Pamiat Khudoierka variety were 50.4 thousand m2/ha, Stoir variety – 52.9 thousand m2/ha, and after sunflower – 46.6 and 48.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. These variants also had the highest photosynthetic potential of the crop, which was 2.59 and 2.76 million m²-days/ha in Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties grown after spring barley, and 2.40 and 2.52 million m²-days/ha after sunflower, respectively. According to our research results, it was found that the highest yield of Stoir variety was obtained by sowing winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal date, namely 20–25 September, and applying nitrogen at the rate of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring, which was, depending on the predecessor, 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Therefore, according to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the maximum leaf surface area (52.9 thousand m2/ha), leaf index (5.3) and photosynthetic potential (2.76 million m²-days/ha) were formed by Stoir variety at sowing on 20–25 September after spring barley and nitrogen fertilisation of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring on frozen-thawed soil. In addition, the maximum yield level of Stoir variety was achieved under such conditions after spring barley and sunflower, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Key words: winter rye, variety, predecessor, sowing date, photosynthetic activit","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84324284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of abiotic factors on the variability of the seedling – flowering period in the parental components of maize hybrids","authors":"L. М. Svinitskyi","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0259","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Maize is a monoecious cross-pollinated plant with a well-defined proterandry, however, some maize samples show persistent proterogyny. A significant manifestation of proterandry and proterogyny tends to negatively affect the pollination quality of ears and the yield of lines during reproduction. Synchronisation of flowering the ear in the female component and the tassel in the male component is essential for the reproduction of sterile analogues of self-pollinated lines and for production of F1 hybrid seeds. Since the lack of coincidence in flowering dates can cause poor pollination and the formation of ears with incomplete kernel set and further loss of seed yield. Purpose. To determine the variability of the seedling – flowering period of female and male inflorescences of parental components in maize hybrids under the influence of abiotic factors. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted at the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine during 2018–2021. In the experiment, 15 parental components of maize hybrids were used: DK216M sterile, DK216SVZM, DK273MV, DK777M, DK777ZMSV, DK680MVZS, DK315M sterile, DK315SVZM, DK239MV, NT 004 sterile, NT 004 fastener, TT005, DK2064M, DK2064SVZM, DK633/325 MV. The flowering date for inflorescences of parental components was recorded at flowering of 50% of plants on the plot. Results. The agrometeorological conditions were quite contrasting over the years of research, which allowed us to comprehensively assess the variability of the seedling-flowering period of female and male inflorescences in the parental components of maize hybrids. We found that the parental components were differently sensitive to environmental changes; the dichogamy of flowering of male and female inflorescences in most maize genotypes has traits of proterandry. Proterogyny was observed in some samples under cool weather conditions with high precipitation. Conclusions. We found that abiotic factors affect the variability of the seedling-flowering period for female and male inflorescences in the parental components of maize hybrids, however, in our experiments, the variability of the seedling-flowering period in maize was very low. The obtained results indicate the possibility for reliable seed production of maize hybrids DN Synevyr, DN Svitiaz, DN Halateia, Monika 350 MV, DN Vesta in the Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: maize, parental components, seedling-flowering period, proterandry, proterogyny, range of variation, coefficient of variation","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84356187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter wheat productivity depending on the systems of primary tillage against the background of short-term crop rotations in the South of Ukraine","authors":"L. Serhieiev, I. Kohut, O. T. Melnуk, S. Pochkolina","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0276","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In the current agricultural environment, there is a trend towards simplification of tillage, wrong crop rotation sequences, narrowing of specialisation of most agricultural enterprises, and therefore the role of the predecessor and tillage systems as one of the least costly ways to optimise winter crop cultivation will only increase. For this reason, the development and research of various schemes of primary tillage on the background of short-term crop rotation will continue to be a topical issue and will always be subject to scientific and practical interest. Purpose. Our research aimed to development of environmental friendly technologies for competitive production of high-quality crop production in the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was the main method, which was supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations and observations in accordance with generally accepted methods and guidelines in agriculture and crop production. In the experiment, the systems of crop rotations and primary tillage were studied. Results. The influence of different systems of primary tillage on the winter wheat yield in short-term crop rotation was studied. It was found that in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, the moldboardless tillage created the best conditions for the formation of winter wheat yield in the 1st, 2nd and 4th crops. The highest yields were in all experimental variants after such predecessors as black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch. Conclusions. For all experimental variants, the best results in terms of yield were observed after black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch in the 1st and 4th crops. In the 2nd crop, green manure fallow with winter vetch had an advantage of 4.9 % compared to black fallow. In winter wheat, a positive effect on the formation of yields was manifested by moldboardless tillage. Key words: crop rotation, predecessors, primary tillage system, yield, winter wheat","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81755721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}