The Scientific Journal Grain Crops最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of zinc in foliar feeding maize in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"V. Moldovan, Z. Moldovan","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0270","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Maize requires not only macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also micronutrients such as Cu, Mo, Mn, Co, Zn, B, etc. for optimal development. In maize cultivation technologies, the effectiveness of micronutrient fertilisers is quite high, regardless of the application method (pre-sowing seed treatment or foliar feeding). Among the micronutrients, zinc is especially important in plant life, as its deficiency leads to a growth slowdown due to reduced internodes, reduced ear grain content or lack of ear setting. Purpose. To study the effectiveness of applying zinc in the form of a highly concentrated liquid fertiliser for foliar feeding maize and its impact on plant growth and development, leaf area formation, individual productivity, and grain yield in the Western Forest-Steppe. Materials and Methods. In a two-factor experiment, early-ripening DN Aton and mid-early DN Astra maize hybrids were studied; highly concentrated liquid zinc fertilizer Chimic Zinc was applied to spray crops in the 5–6 and 8–9 leaf stages. Results. It was established that the linear dimensions of plants are determined by the genetic characteristics of hybrids and significantly depend on their maturity group and mineral nutrition. In particular, the plant height of the early-ripening hybrid DN Aton in the tasseling stage was 200.0 cm and of the mid-early hybrid DN Astra – 210.7 cm in the control, while it increased to 225.1 and 238.3 cm, respectively, due to two-time zinc feeding. The leaf surface area of the early-ripening hybrid DN Aton increased from 31.57 to 34.67 thousand m2/ha, in the mid-early hybrid DN Astra – from 33.59 to 36.99 thousand m2/ha. Variation in the number of productive ears and yield structure indicators by experimental variants certainly influenced the formation of grain yield. Maize yield increased by 0.72 t/ha (8.2 %) in the early ripening hybrid DN Aton and by 0.78 t/ha (8.6 %) in the mid-early hybrid DN Astra compared to the control due to the zinc application for foliar feeding of maize in the 5–6 and 8–9 leaf stages. Conclusions. Foliar feeding maize in stages of 5–6 and 8–9 leaves with highly concentrated liquid zinc fertilizer Chimic Zinc has a positive effect on the plant growth and development, the formation of leaf surface area and photosynthetic potential, increases in the number of productive ears per 100 plants, improves indicators of yield structure elements, which contributes to higher grain yield. Key words: maize, hybrid, development stage, feeding, leaf surface area, individual productivity, yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86676151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition of winter pea plants in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"S. I. Byrukina, I. Kohut, V. Rudenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0260","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. When new crop varieties or cultivars are introduced into production, their chemical composition should be studied, since the latter depends on the climatic conditions of the region and cultivation technologies. Therefore, the study of the peculiarities of the formation of macro- and microelements composition of a new variety of winter peas in the climatic conditions of the Southern Steppe is advisable. Purpose. To evaluate the chemical composition of winter pea and the distribution of macro- and microelements in the structural parts of plants depending on their development stages in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Samples of winter peas were selected by development stages in stationary and temporary experiments, as well as in production and testing crops of agricultural farms of the Odesa region. The following methods were used: laboratory method to determine content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelements; statistical method to perform correlation, analysis of variance and statistical evaluation of research results. Results. The paper presents the data on the chemical composition of winter pea cultivated in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The peculiarities of accumulation and distribution of macro- and microelements by the leaf-stem mass, grain and roots of winter pea are established. It was found that the rate of toxic elements accumulation in the vegetative mass of pea plants increased and decreased when they moved from plant leaves and stems to grain. Conclusions. The average content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelements in grain and by-products of winter pea in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine were determined. We found significant changes in the microelement composition of the leaves and stems, grain and roots of winter pea. A higher variability of microelement content (12.7–70.7 %) was noted in contrast to the macroelement content (7.7–48.3 %). The low resistance of root barriers to the entry of Cd and Pb toxicants into the aboveground organs of winter pea over the entire growing season and the high intensity of the leaf-stem mass resistance to the absorption of these metals by grain were determined. Key words: winter peas, microelements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, content","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88733936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of yield components in winter wheat varieties and breeding lines under environment of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe","authors":"A. L. Rysin, H. Volohdina","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0257","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The main task of winter wheat breeding is to increase productivity, therefore, the development and introduction of new varieties of winter wheat with high productivity potential being well adapted to changing growing conditions into agricultural production is an urgent area of research. Breeders' efforts are aimed at developing varieties with a successful combination of high parameters of all the main productivity elements in one genotype, which will maximise grain yield. Breeding work is determined by many factors, among which the search and development of new genetic sources with high performance indicators. Therefore, the peculiarities of yield potential realization and the study of the mechanisms of productivity element formation under changing meteorological conditions are important for establishing the response rate and selecting the most stable productive genotypes and their further involvement in breeding programs. Purpose. To identify the best varieties and breeding lines of winter wheat in terms of productivity elements in the environment of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for their involvement in crossbreeding programmes. Methods. Visual – phenological observations; laboratory-field – determination of biometric indicators; mathematical and statistical – establishing the reliability of the obtained data. Results. It was found that the maximum realisation of the yield potential of winter wheat plants by structural elements occurred under optimal growing conditions such as in years with higher moisture availability and sowing on 5 October. Yield formation was significantly influenced by the weather conditions of the year, genotype and unaccounted factors. Sowing dates had a significant effect only on the manifestation of the plant height trait. There was a minor variation (3.8 %÷5.5 %) in plant height in all varieties and breeding lines. Different levels of variability were found for the following traits: number of productive stems varied from Cv=16.4 % (second sowing date in the dry 2019/20) to Cv=27.6 % (first sowing date in the favourable 2020/21); main head grain content and thousand grain weight – Cv=10.7÷17.6 % and Cv=8.8÷16.9 %, respectively. Regardless of varietal characteristics, the main spike length had insignificant (Сv=5.6÷8.8 %) phenotypic variability with a range of variation of 0.2–2.0 cm. There were determined the variability levels of traits by the spikelet number per spike (Сv=5.7 %÷8.6 %), by grain weight per spike (Сv=13.1÷20.5 %) and per plant (Сv=20.5÷36.3 %). Conclusions. The varieties MIP Assol, Hratsiia MYR, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Yuvileina and breeding lines LUT 55198, LUT 37519 consistently formed a high level of productivity elements regardless of sowing dates and conditions of the growing year, which indicates their high adaptive capacity. They are recommended for breeding programmes as valuable parental components. Key words: productivity parameters, trait, variation, sowing date, year conditions","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85997665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of agrotechnological growing practices on the formation of biometric indicators of Khorasan wheat (Triticum turanicum) in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"О. Viniukov, O. Butenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0267","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The popularity of Khorasan wheat among consumers is due to the fact that their grain has more useful properties than traditional wheat types. The distribution of this wheat is restricted by the lack of accurate agrotechnological practices that would allow plants to maximise their genetically programmed productivity. Purpose. To determine the influence of the proposed elements of cultivation technology on the formation of biometric parameters by Khorasan wheat plants in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. In 2021–2022, research was conducted in the field crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS, according to the method of B. O. Dospehov. The predecessor was a sunflower. The Khorasan wheat of Sarmat variety was used for sowing. Research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. Application of mineral fertilisers in the cultivation of Khorasan wheat contributes to the formation of better biometric parameters during the growing season compared to the control variant. At full maturity stage, the habitus of plants exceeds the control variant by 22 cm. The number of nodal roots per plant increases by 0.7 pcs and the productive tillering coefficient– by 0.1. When lower sowing rates are applied (2.0 and 3.0 million seeds/ha), plants form better biometric parameters regardless of nutritional background. The largest number of productive shoots of the Khorasan wheat forms in the nutrition background N30P30. Depending on the seeding rate, the coefficient of productive tillering varied from 1.4 to 1.2. Conclusions. Increasing or decreasing the seeding rate does not significantly affect the physiological ability of the crop to form a high plant density. Economically efficient plant density per unit area can be formed by increasing the seeding rate, which will reduce the number of productive stems per plant, but the total number of productive stems per 1 m2 will increase, as a result, grain yield will increase. Key words: Khorasan wheat, seeding rate, nutritional background, tillering coefficient, number of nodal roots, plant height, productive tillering coefficient, number of stems","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83294863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degree of plasticity of wheat winter varieties in different ecotypes","authors":"O. Shevchenko, V. V. Vashchenko, T. K. Lobko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0256","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Over the past decades, a breeding program of leading scientific institutions has been implemented to improve soft winter wheat varieties in terms of yield, grain weight per main spike, degree of plasticity and genotypic effect. These characteristics demonstrate the ability of varieties to adapt to environmental changes. Purpose. To determine the degree of plasticity, level of stability, breeding value of modern varieties of soft winter wheat developed by leading scientific institutions. Materials and Methods. During 2020-2022, 15 varieties of soft winter wheat were examined in the crop rotation of the Breeding and Seed Production Department of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. Accounting and observations were carried out according to the methodology of state variety testing. Ecological plasticity was determined by the methodology of the Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS according to the OSGE application package Tlite Systems gr. Results. The presented varieties have the sum of ranks 2 and 3 for the trait \"grain weight per main spike\", which indicates their high plasticity due to the stability of genetic potential realisation and their greater adaptation to the growing conditions in the northern subzone of the Steppe of Ukraine. The level of stability, plasticity and breeding value of varieties in different conditions of growing seasons was determined. The varieties Smuhlianka, Podolianka, Peremoha, Ihrysta, Komertsiina, Korusna and Yednist showed the highest level of plasticity. This allows us to predict the realisation of plasticity under sufficient moisture supply during the growing season and a slight decrease it under drought. Conclusions. The stability, plasticity, and breeding value for 15 varieties of soft winter wheat were determined. Under changing environmental conditions, authors revealed the possibility of their genetic potential for yield and ecological plasticity over the years due to the high stability of the genetic effect of the trait. The breeding value of modern varieties in terms of adaptability was confirmed to use them as a source material and introduce into production in conditions of unstable and insufficient moisture supply. Key words: yield, grain weight of the main spike, genotypic effect, stability, breeding value","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88922987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical characteristics of maize seeds and their technological significance in processing and storage of sowing material","authors":"М. Y. Kyrpa, D. Kovaliov, N. S. Filipkova","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0258","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The research on the preparation of high-quality seed of maize hybrids based on the consideration of their technical and technological properties at the stages of harvesting, processing and storage is relevant today. Purpose. To study and determine the essential physical parameters that characterise technical and technological characteristics and affect the seed quality of maize hybrids. Methods. The research includes theoretical and practical calculations with a review of literature sources, laboratory and model experiments and the laying out of field trials, mathematical and statistical evaluation of the data obtained. The experiments were carried out according to standardised methods of DSTU and agrotechnical recommendations, and the source material was hybrids bred by the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Results. The most significant physical characteristics of seeds are evaluated: shape, linear size, volume and geometric surface of seeds, their weight and specific weight, mechanical strength of maize hybrids and self-pollinated lines, and differences between them are determined. Experiments on seed separation, drying and storage were carried out, and certain physical characteristics were identified that have a special impact on the technology of these processes and form the seed quality. Conclusions. The dry seed quality during the separation process is most affected by the linear size of the seed, in particular, seed width, depending on which the fractions with the highest germination and yield are separated (tailing through round holes of 8 mm and more in diameter). Drying is influenced by the coefficient that characterises the ratio of the geometric area to the volume of the seed; at a coefficient of more than 1.0 (in experiments – 1.14–1.22), the intensity of moisture transfer and the drying rate increase by 8.3–15.7 % compared to a coefficient of 1.0. During storage, especially long-term storage, the quality and resistance of seeds is affected by the equilibrium moisture content, which should be at the level of 12 %, depending on the environmental conditions. Key words: maize seed, harvesting, drying, storage, physical characteristics, germination, yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80783831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of the yield and quality indicators of soybean varieties according to traditional and organic technology","authors":"M. Grabovskyi, Y. Fedoruk, T. Grabovska, M. Lozinskyi, L. Kozak","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0266","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. One of the alternatives to the intensification of agricultural production is the introduction of new ecological technologies that are aimed at realizing the natural potential of agrophytocenoses and are based on the effective use of their biological capabilities. Climate changes and development of environmentalization in agriculture create prerequisites for the selection of soybean varieties of different maturity groups and the study of their productivity potential and grain quality indicators under different cultivation technologies. Purpose. Assessment of soybean varieties by yield and grain quality indicators under traditional and organic technologies. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical, statistical analysis. Results. It was established that the grain yield of mid-early ripening soybean varieties (Everest, ES Professor and DH530) was 2.88 t/ha under traditional technology, and 2.24 t/ha under organic technology, and of mid-ripening soybean varieties (Winsdor, ES Pallador and Emperor) – 3.25 and 2.44 t/ha, respectively, that is higher than in mid-early ripening varieties. The difference in grain yield under traditional and organic technologies was 0.63 t/ha for mid-early ripening varieties, and 0.81 t/ha for mid-ripening varieties. Over two years of research, we found that soybean grain contained an average of 39.8–42.5 % protein, 20.1–21.7 % fat, and 11.7–13.9 % moisture. Protein yield ranged within 1.11–1.42 t/ha and fat yield – 0.57–0.72 t/ha due to higher soybean grain yield under traditional technology, which was by 21.0–24.7 and 21.5–25.6 % higher than under organic cultivation. It was found that the level of correlation between grain yield and protein content was above the average (r = 0.69 and 0.78) for traditional and organic cultivation, and the correlation between yield and fat content was high (r = 0.97 and 0.95). Conclusions. The quality indicators (protein and fat content) and grain moisture content of soybeans depended on the varietal characteristics and weather conditions and remained unchanged under the influence of cultivation technology. The soybean of Emperor variety had the highest grain yield (3.35 and 2.47 t/ha), protein yield (1.42 and 1.05 t/ha) and fat yield (0.72 and 0.54 t/ha), respectively, under traditional and organic cultivation technologies. Therefore, this variety can be recommended for cultivation under both technologies. Key words: soybean, productivity, protein content, fat content, grain moisture content","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74552371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Еconomic efficiency of growing winter barley depending on sowing dates and seeding rates","authors":"N. Zavalypich, A. Cherenkov, O. Pedash, А. О. Kulyk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0262","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Nowadays, profitable agricultural production requires a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of each agrotechnical technique of cultivation of field crops, including winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In market conditions, the main criterion for choosing a technology for growing a particular crop is economic efficiency. Therefore, a competitive technology is the one that provides the highest profitability and profit. Purpose. Investigation of the influence of agrotechnical practices on the level of economic efficiency of growing winter barley. Methods. The field experiments were laid out and carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodology of research. In the experiments, the winter barley of Deviatyi val variety was sown, followed by sunflower as a predecessor. Sowing was carried out in four dates: 20, 30 September and 10, 20 October with seeding rates of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 million germinable seeds/ha. Results. On average, over the years of research (2017–2019), the best economic output was obtained by sowing winter barley on 30 September. As a result, the highest grain yield was 5.28–5.52 t/ha with a profitability level of 71.6–82.6 %. Sowing on 20 October in all variants of the experiment resulted in the lowest cost recovery when growing winter barley on a non-fallow predecessor, and the profitability level ranged from 16.1–21.7 % depending on the seeding rate. Sowing on 30 September resulted in the highest profit of 9321–10562 UAH/ha, which is 7375–7958 UAH/ha more compared to the variants with sowing dates at the end of the second ten days of October. Conclusions. We found that the economic indicators during the years of research were influenced by the grain yield of winter barley depending on the technological practices of its cultivation in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The research aimed at determining the economic efficiency of growing winter barley after sunflower, depending on the sowing dates and sowing rates, found that the variant with sowing on 30 September, where the highest grain yield was obtained, was more profitable. The sowing date with a seeding rate of 5.0 million seeds/ha provided the highest profitability (82.6 %), and the net income reached 10562 UAH/ha. Key words: winter barley, sowing dates, seeding rates, yield, economic efficiency","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76220456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of fertilization and tillage systems on the humus condition of dark-grey podzolic soil","authors":"M. Furmanets, Y. S. Furmanets, I. Y. Furmanets","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0274","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Modern agricultural systems have an ambiguous effect on the humus condition of soils. The urgent task is to restore and preserve the fertility of the dark grey podzolic soil and increase the organic matter content in the agricultural system. Purpose. To determine changes in the humus condition of dark grey podzolic soil under sunflower under different tillage and fertilisation systems using crop rotation by-products. Materials and methods. In the long-term stationary experiment, the following tillage systems were used: ploughing at a depth of 25–27 cm, disking at 15–17 cm and disking at 10–12 cm. Ploughing under sunflower was carried out with plough PLN-3-35, disking – disc harrow AG-2.4-20. The fertilisation systems were as follows: 1) no by-products; 2) by-products; 3) N10 (ammonium nitrate) per 1 tonne of by-products. The humus content in the soil was determined according to the I.V. Tyurin’s method, the group composition of humus – according to method of M. M. Kononova and N. P. Bielchikova. Results. It was established that the highest humus content in the 0–20 cm layer of the soil under sunflower was 2.09 % for the variant with disking at a depth of 15–17 cm using by-products. On dark grey podzolic soil, humus accumulation is enhanced by disking at 15–17 cm and fertilisation with by-products and N10, which is accompanied by characteristic changes such as an increase in the total content of humic acids and non-hydrolysed residue in the humus group composition. The highest content of humic acids was 0.29–0.34 % in the plots with moldboardless tillage under different fertilisation systems. The lowest content of this important humus fraction was 0.23–0.25 % in the variant with different depth ploughing. In the variants with disking to a depth of 15–17 cm and 10–12 cm when using by-products with N10, the highest values of the ratio between carbon in humic acids and carbon in fulvic acids were 1.26 and 1.27, respectively. Conclusions. Application of moldboardless tillage, disking at a depth of 15–17 cm and fertilisation system with by-products + N10 contribute to the recovery of dark grey podzolic soil fertility and improvement of its humus condition. In Western Polissia of Ukraine, it is recommended to carry out disking at a depth of 15–17 cm with the use N10 per 1 ton of by-products in the fertilisation system for sunflower cultivation. Key words: humus, dark grey podzolic soil, fertilization system, humic acids, fulvic acids","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86903211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy productivity of common bicolour sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenh) and soryz (Sorghum orysoidum) depending on seeding rates","authors":"L. Pravdyva","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0265","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Recently, attention is being increasingly focused on the search for energy resources produced from renewable energy sources, namely from plant raw materials. There are increasingly relevant studies on the influence of elements of cultivation technology, in particular, seeding rates, on the formation of productivity of common bicolour sorghum and soryz used for biofuel production. There are increasingly relevant studies on the influence of elements of cultivation technology, in particular, seeding rates, on the formation of productivity of common bicolour sorghum and soryz used for biofuel production. In the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the productivity of these crops largely depends on the variety, environmental conditions and elements of cultivation technology. Optimisation of seeding rates is one of the ways to increase grain and biomass yield and biofuel and energy output. Purpose. Our research aimed to determine the impact of sowing rates on the energy productivity of common bicolour sorghum and soryz in the conditions of the eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. In 2016–2020, the research was carried out at the Ivanivka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS in the unstable moisture zone of the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine The experimental design included: factor A – varieties Dniprovskyi 39 (common bicolour sorghum) and Samaran 6 (soryz); factor B - seeding rates: 1) 150 ths. pcs/ha; 2) 200 ths. pcs/ha; 250 ths. pcs/ha. Results. It was found that the different seeding rates have an impact on grain and biomass yield of sorghum and soryz, respectively, and on the estimated yield of bioethanol from grain, solid fuel yield from aboveground mass and total energy output. The maximum grain and biomass yield was obtained at a seeding rate of 200 ths. pcs/ha and was 6.8 and 39.2 t/ha for common bicoloured sorghum of Dniprovskyi 39 variety and 5.9 and 36.1 t/ha for soryz of Samaran 6 variety. Conclusions. Dneprovsky 39 variety provided the highest output of bioethanol (2.24 t/ha) and energy (56.04 GJ/ha), and Samaran 6 variety – 1.95 t/ha and 48.63 GJ/ha, respectively. Sorghum has the highest output of solid fuel and energy – 9.06 t/ha and 147.6 GJ/ha, and soryz – 8.34 t/ha and 135.93 GJ/ha, respectively. For the production of biofuel and energy resources, the cultivation of common bicolour sorghum with a seeding rate of 200 ths. pcs/ha is more efficient. Key words: variety, yield, grain, biomass, bioethanol, solid fuel, energy","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88756913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}