The Scientific Journal Grain Crops最新文献

{"title":"Adaptive potential of winter triticale breeding lines (×Triticosecale Wittmack) in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"A. Pirych, M. Fedorenko, I. Fedorenko, Y. Kuzmenko, R. Blyzniuk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0255","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The requirements for modern winter triticale varieties include high grain yield and quality, as well as resistance to adverse environmental factors, i.e. high adaptability. Therefore, it remains important to develop varieties that combine the highest yield potential with genetic resistance to limiting factors. Purpose. To identify winter triticale breeding lines with high adaptability for use in breeding practice. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine. As a standard, the Amur variety was used. We have examined 20 breeding lines. Accounting plot area was 10 m2, trial was repeated four times. In experiment, laboratory-field and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results. In 2019/20-2021/22, contrasting meteorological conditions made it possible to evaluate and select breeding lines of winter triticale by adaptive potential. It was found that the yield, which actually characterises the genotype response to environmental growing conditions, was the highest (5.36 t/ha) in 2020/21 and the lowest (3.81 t/ha) in 2019/20. It was established that the breeding lines 22002 ( = 4.97 t/ha), 22008 ( = 4.88 t/ha), 22016 ( = 4.79 t /ha) had the best general adaptability in comparison with the Amur variety-standard, and they were included in the group with the highest indicators of maximum yield (ranks of 1–3). The coefficient of variation was characterized by an insignificant (7.24–7.66 %) and medium level of variability (12.54–16.65 %), which confirms a fairly high and stable genotypic component in the formation of plant productivity. Calculations of ecological plasticity made it possible to identify the lines 22015, 22004 (bi = 0.63), which significantly reduced the yield under limited growing con-ditions. It is explained by high resistance of these lines to adverse environmental factors. In terms of yield, the highest homeostaticity and breeding value were shown by lines 22004, 22015, and 22008. Conclusions. During the research, we have identified the breeding lines 22004, 22015, 22008, and 22002 with high adaptive potential, which can used as a source material for developing highly productive varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: winter triticale, breeding lines, adaptability, yield, meteorological conditions","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87298465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological CO2 cycle and organic carbon balance in maize (Zea mays) – soybean (Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim.) agrocenosis in sod-podzolic soil","authors":"V. Polovyi, L. Yashchenko, H. Rovna, B. Huk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0272","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Today, the search for ways to accumulate organic carbon and restore soil fertility, as well as increase crop yield, is a topical issue for the sod-podzolic soils of Western Polissia. Purpose. To determine the intensity of CO2 emission and the organic carbon balance on sod-podzolic soil at different fertilizer rates in the maize-soybean link against the background of chemical amelioration with incorporation of by-products. Methods. We used such methods as a stationary field trial, comparative and calculation method to determine the accumulated and emitted CO2 by plants, analytical and calculation methods to determine the organic carbon balance. Results. The CO2 emissions from organic matter mineralization amounted to 5.01–5.45 t/ha by the recommended fertilizer rate and calculated by the normative method on the background of dolomite and limestone powder, which was 23.4–34.2 % higher than the control (without fertilizers). The CO2 emission into the atmosphere through plant mass mineralization, depending on fertilization and chemical amelioration, was in the range of 18.6–24.7 t/ha and exceeded the control (without fertilizers) and the background of 1.0 Hh (hydrolytic acidity) CaMg(CO3)2 by 1.2–2.0 times, which is associated with improved soil conditions, higher by-products mass and CO2 accumulation by plants. The highest amount of CO2 was accumulated by maize (64.8–65.0 t/ha) and soybean (15.0–15.8 t/ha) at combination of the fertilizer rate calculated by the normative method with microfertilizers on the background of dolomite flour. The application of calculated fertilizer rates on the background of 1.0 Hh CaMg(CO3)2 provided an advantage in the formation of organic carbon in the soil, which formed a positive balance of 0.12 and 0.15 t/ha. In the variant without fertilizers and chemical amelioration, the ratio of total CO2 emissions into the atmosphere per 1 t of grain yield in the maize-soybean link was 4.65 and 4.62 units, while the application of the fertilizer rate calculated by the normative method against the background of 1.0 Hh CaMg(CO3)2 decreased to 3.78 and 3.89 units, respectively. Conclusions. For increasing the maize and soybean productivity on sod-podzolic loamy sandy soil, incorporation of plant mass into the soil with applying the fertiliser rates calculated by the standard method against the background of 1.0 Nh CaMg(CO3)2 is an effective method to control soil degradation that ensures the inclusion of additional organic carbon into the cycle, which is aimed at its fixation by forming a deficit-free balance of 0.12 and 0.15 t/ha. Key words: emission, organic carbon, productivity, fertilization, land amelioration, plant mass","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76806822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic activity of winter wheat depending on fertilization and lime application on sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of Western Polissia","authors":"N. O. Yuvchyk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0275","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Increasing the productivity of crop photosynthesis, i.e. the amount of organic matter synthesised per unit of leaf surface in a day, is an essential condition for high crop yields. The area of the leaf surface depends on the biometric parameters of the plant, the nutritional regime, as well as the duration of leaf activity, which significantly affects the accumulation of organic matter. Purpose. To identify the influence of mineral nutrition optimization and chemical amelioration on the formation of leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, and net photosynthetic productivity in the main development stages of winter wheat grown on sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the Western Polissia. Methods. Field experiment, calculation and statistical methods. Results. In particular, with the application of dolomite powder at a dose of 1.0 Hh and different fertilisation variants, the leaf surface area of plants increased from 1.5 ths. m2/ha to 4.12– 6.99 ths. m2/ha in the tillering stage, from 4.07 ths. m2/ha to 14.16–21.34 ths. m2/ha in the stem elongation stage, and from 2.59 ths. m2/ha to 5.33–9.49 ths. m2/ha in the heading stage, respectively, compared to the control (without fertilisation). It is noted over the years of research that the application of mineral fertilisers on the background of liming increased the indicator of photosynthetic potential by 2.6–3.5 times compared to non-fertilised one, and the net productivity of photosynthesis increased by 15.4–21.3 % compared to the control. Conclusions. The largest indicators of leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, and net photosynthetic productivity in the tillering, stem elongation and heading stages were formed by application of N150Р50К125 + S40 + microfertilizer (two applications). The highest photosynthetic activity of winter wheat plants were noted in the stem elongation stage. Key words: winter wheat, fertilization, amelioration, leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic productivity","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85101182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Оptimization of fertilizer and foliar feeding winter rape (Brassica napus L.) in the Western Polissia","authors":"A. V. Kurach, L. Lukashchuk, O. Zlotenko, S. Gen","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0264","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Significant changes in market conditions and disruptions in the sown area structure in Ukraine require to search for optimal and cost-effective systems of fertilisation and crop management for modern varieties and hybrids of winter rape. The application of sulphur fertilisers, ammonium nitrate in early spring fertilisation and foliar feeding with growth stimulants and microfertilisers improves winter rape growth and development, yield structure and productivity. Purpose. To develop innovative agrotechnical practices involving the compound fertilizers, microfertilizers, growth stimulants, aimed to realize the high yield potential of winter rape in the Western Polissia. Methods. The research was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia on a typical low-humus light loamy chernozem. General scientific methods and analyses were used to compare the factors under study: field method was used to determine the fertiliser efficiency; visual, measuring and weighing method; laboratory method; comparative and calculation method; statistical method. The results. It was found that on winter rape crops, the best degree of overwintering was 85.5–88.8 % and 83.0–86.0 % for fertilisation with N35P90K120 + N85S40 + N30 and N35S60K90 + N85, compared to N35P60K90 + N85, where these indicators are within 77.3–77.7 %. The highest survivability of plants during the growing season was 98.4–98.6 %, when N35P90K120 + N85S40 + N30 was applied together with foliar feeding (Huliver Stymul + Avanhard Silicon Bio (1.0 + 1.0 l/ha) and Huliver Stymul + Avanhard P Phosphorus + Potassium (1.0 + 0.6 l/ha) in the rosette phase and the beginning of budding. The largest number of pods per plant is 121.5–124.0 pcs, the number of seeds per pod is 24.1–24.7 pcs, the thousand seed weight – 4.54–4.56 g was observed for fertilisation with N35P90K120 + N85S40 + N30 with two foliar feeding with Huliver Stymul + Avanhard Silicon Bio (1.0 + 1.0 l/ha) and Huliver Stymul + Avanhard P Phosphorus + Potassium (1.0 + 0.6 l/ha). The maximum yield of 4.45 t/ha was obtained with fertiliser of N35P90K120 + N85S40 + N30 and foliar feeding with Huliver Stymul + Avanhard P Phosphorus + Potassium (1.0 + 0.6 l/ha). Conclusions. It was found that early spring application of ammonium sulphate N35S40 and ammonium nitrate N50–85 kg/ha was an effective method to increase the winter rape yield to 4.45 t/ha, the increase in yield due to fertilisation varied within 5.1–15 %. When foliar feeding with a growth stimulator and microfertilisers was applied two times in the spring rosette and flower budding stage, the yield increase ranged from 2.8 to 16.5 %. Key words: winter rape, fertilization system, foliar feeding, productivity","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75528757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formation of maize grain yield depends on the method of sowing and the density of the plants standing in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"M. Dudka, O. P. Yakunin","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0261","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In the context of global warming and climate changes, it is important to substantiate, develop and implement agrotechnical practices to mitigate the negative effects of drought, heat and soil moisture deficit. The solution to these problems is to find ways to optimise the growing conditions of maize (Zea mays L.), using the adaptive properties and agrocenotic resistance of new hybrids to adverse environmental stressors with rational management of the growing season and agroclimatic resources of soil and ecological zones. Sowing methods and plant density, as well as other technological factors, play an important role in the complex of zonal agrotechnical practices. Maize plants demonstrate considerable biological plasticity in interaction with environmental conditions. The life support processes of maize plants depend on ecological changes caused by the quantitative and spatial placement of maize plants in the crop. The variability of the size and configuration of the individual plant nutrition area is limited primarily by the plant's requirements for environmental factors that ensure their normal growth, development and high productivity. Purpose. The research was aimed to identify the peculiarities of plant growth and development, as well as the formation of maize grain yield depending on the method of sowing and plant density in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out at the Experimental Farm \"Dnipro\" of the State Enterprise of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. The soil was ordinary low-humus full-profile chernozem. The mid-early maize hybrid DN Stiah was sown with row spacing of 30, 45 and 70 cm at plant density of 40, 50, 60 and 70 thousand plants/ha, fertiliser background – N60P45K45. Results. Sowing methods and plant density influenced the structural elements of the yield and maize grain yield. In 2019–2021, the highest average maize yield (11.13 t/ha) for factor A (sowing method) was obtained by sowing with row spacing of 30 cm. Increasing the row spacing to 45 and 70 cm led to a decrease in the grain productivity of the maize hybrid DN Stiah by 0.21 and 0.75 t/ha (i.e. by 1.9 and 6.7 %), respectively. For factor B (planting density), the highest average grain yield (11.03 and 10.95 t/ha) was obtained at a planting density of 60 and 50 thousand plants/ha, respectively. Conclusions. In the face of resource constraints, narrower row spacing in maize cultivation may have the potential to increase the level of realisation of hybrid productivity potential. Key words: maize, method of sowing, plant density, biometric indicators of plants, individual productivity of plants, structural elements of yield, grain yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73311791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative characteristics of two methods for popping popcorn","authors":"V. Cherchel, D. S. Kuprichenkov","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0254","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The comparative study on effectiveness of several methods of popping popcorn from Zea Mays L. everta Sturt. is important and relevant. Technological indicators of popcorn kernels depend on many factors, including the method of popping. Purpose. To compare the technological characteristics for popcorn kernels obtained by two methods of popping the grain: frying in a frying pan and heating with air-popping appliances. Methods. The initial material for research was kernels of popcorn lines bred by the Laboratory of Maize Breeding for Food Use at SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. According to the first method of popping, one layer of popcorn kernels were placed on an aluminum pan heated to 175 ºC and fried without oil, shaking the kernels every 5–6 seconds. For the second popping method, Clatronic PM 3635 electric popcorn maker having a capacity of 1200 W was used. Results. In the first method of producing popcorn, the dominant type of popcorn flakes was unilaterally expanded; the average percentage of unpopped kernels was 3.5 %; the coefficient of kernel volume expansion varied from 16.4 to 29.7; and eating qualities were from 3 to 4.5 points. In the second method, the dominant type of popcorn flakes was bilateral expanded; the average percentage of unpopped kernels was 18.2 %; coefficient of kernel volume expansion ranged from 23.4 to 45.2; and eating qualities were from 3.5 to 5 points. For the first popping method, the coefficient of kernel volume expansion had an inverse average correlation with the percentage of unpopped kernels; for the second popping method, it had a direct average correlation with the thousand kernel weight. Conclusions. The method of popping popcorn affects the technological indicators of popcorn such as the number, weight and percentage of unpopped kernels; volume and weight of popcorn flakes; coefficient of kernel volume expansion; type of popped flakes and flavor of popcorn. Lines RB 20, RK 1, RK 44, RK 6 with kernel volume expansion coefficient over 40 and popcorn taste qualities of 5 points were selected. Key words: breeding, line, technological indicators, coefficient of kernel volume expansion, unpopped kernels, type of popped flakes, correlation","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79278000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Іnfluence of long-term use of primary tillage systems on weed infestation of agrocenosis","authors":"V. Kyryliuk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0277","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The study of the long-term use of different primary tillage systems will allow us to identify, and consequently predict, possible impacts on production from their use. Purpose. To study the impact of long-term use of different systems of primary tillage on weed infestation of fields. Methods. The research was conducted in a ten-field crop rotation of the stationary experiment in 1989–2000, five-field in 2001–2008, four-field in 2009–2016, and four-field in 2017–2022 at the Khmelnytskyi State Agricultural Experi- mental Station of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia. In the first (1989–2000) and second (2001–2008) periods, seven systems of primary tillage were studied, including1) moldboard tillage for all crops; 2) chisel tillage for all crops; 3) combined system 1 – surface disking under winter crops after annual crops, moldboard tillage for sugar beet, chisel tillage for all other crops; 4) combined system 2 – surface disking for winter crops after annual crops, chisel tillage for sugar beet, moldboard tillage for all other crops; 5) subsurface tillage for all crops; 6) variable-depth ploughing for all crops; 7) surface tillage – surface disking for all crops. Five systems were studied in the third (2009–2016) and fourth (2017–2022) periods: 1) moldboard tillage for all crops; 2) chisel tillage for all crops; 3) subsurface tillage for all crops; 4) disk tillage for all crops; 5) minimum tillage – shallow disk tillage for all crops, and since 2020 – differentiated tillage, which includes moldboard and moldboardless tillage in crop rotation. The crop cultivation technology is generally accepted for the zone, with the exception of the studied variants of the primary tillage systems. Results. The results of studies of the impact of long-term use of different systems of primary tillage on the quantitative and species composition of the weed component of agrocenosis are presented. It was found that the most favourable phytosanitary condition for all crops was observed under the moldboard system, which resulted in the lowest weed infestation, the chisel system being the closest to it. In all moldboardless systems, the number of weeds was 38–110 % higher than in the moldboard system, their vegetative air-dry weight increased by 15–47 %, and the number of species increased by 6–31 %. Conclusions. As a result of long-term use of different systems of primary tillage, it was found that the best phytosanitary condition for all agrocenosis was in the moldboard system, which was characterised by the lowest number and weight of weeds, the closest to it was the chisel system. In general, the number of weeds in moldboardless systems was 38–110 % higher than in moldboard systems, their vegetative air-dry weight increased by 15–47 %, and the number of species increased by 12–29 %. During 33 years, the field agrocenosis was purified from weeds due to all systems of primary tillage with a decrease in the number of weeds by 53–71 %,","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77204445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield and grain quality parameters in domestic and foreign varieties of soft winter wheat","authors":"Yaroslav Fanin, M. Lytvynenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0268","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. One of the main indicators that determine the commercial value of wheat grain, its baking and technological properties is the mass fraction of protein. The results of scientific research and agricultural production practices show that over the past 80–90 years in the southern regions of Ukraine, the protein content of winter wheat grain has decreased from 17–18 % to 10–12 %, and in unfavourable weather conditions, the amount of protein in grain can even decrease to 8.0–9.5 %. Improving the wheat grain quality is one of the challenges facing Ukraine today. Ukraine has a high position in the global grain market: its share in wheat exports averages 5 %. Purpose. To estimate the yield and biochemical parameters of grain quality of soft winter wheat at the current stage. Methods. Field trials were conducted according to the B. A. Dospekhov’s methodology of field experience. Agricultural technology of winter wheat cultivation is generally accepted for the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Accounting the yield was carried out according to the methodology of state variety testing the agricultural crops. The protein content in the grain was determined by infrared spectrometry and the Kjeldahl method. The level of protein sedimentation was determined by the SDS 30 method. Results. When comparing the obtained data on yield in the collection, it was found that modern domestic and foreign varieties (I, II, III group) in the optimal conditions of growing season had an average yield of 103–107 % higher than varieties of early stages of breeding. The soft winter wheat varieties developed by the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center for Seeds and Cultivar Investigation are the leaders in terms of yield. Foreign varieties are not sufficiently adapted to local weather conditions, which significantly affects the realisation of yield potential. As a result of the negative correlation between yield and grain quality, with each stage of breeding, including in modern varieties, grain protein content decreases by 0.5–1.5 % along with yield growth. In terms of sedimentation level, the varieties of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center for Seeds and Cultivar Investigation prevail over the varieties of the early stages of breeding. The group of varieties of Ukrainian breeding has a great diversity in terms of sedimentation level. Foreign varieties have rather low sedimentation rates. The realisation of the genetic potential of grain yield and quality of the studied varieties depended on weather conditions and doses of mineral fertilisers. Conclusions. Given the negative correlation between yield and grain quality, the significant success of breeding in increasing the yield of Ukrainian and foreign varieties was accompanied by decreasing protein content at each stage of breeding by 0.5–1.5 %. Compared to the varieties of the early stages of breeding, the SDS-30 sedimentation index was the highest only in the varieties of Plant Breedi","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81862500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of agrophysical parameters and humus content in the soil of virgin and arable land","authors":"S. M. Kramariov, L. Bandura","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0278","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Currently, there is an urgent need to address the following challenges: loss of soil humus content, deterioration of soil agrophysical properties, reduction of the impact of soil agrophysical degradation, restoration and preservation of fertility. Purpose. Comparison of agrophysical parameters and humus content in the soil of virgin and arable lands and development of scientific recommendations on the formation of favourable agrophysical properties and regimes of chernozems to suspend the development of degradation processes in the soil and preserve fertility. Material and Methods. The study of ordinary chernozem was carried out in the virgin lands and experimental plots of the Erastivka Research Station of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine during 2010–2016. We studied: total humus content; structural and aggregate composition of the soil; soil structure coefficient; soil density; water resistance of agronomically valuable structural aggregates. In May, soil samples were selected at equilibrium density after mechanical tillage. Sampling was carried out from the soil profile at intervals of 5 cm, to a depth of 0–200 cm in quadruplicate according to DSTU 4287. Results. It was found that deterioration of agrophysical properties (structural and aggregate state, density, water resistance) and reduction of humus content and thickness in the humus horizon in comparison with virgin soil occurred as a result of long-term cultivation of ordinary chernozem. Conclusions. When comparing the properties of ordinary chernozem of arable land with virgin soil, we find that they are significantly degraded. Significant loss of humus and structure degradation leads to an increasing soil density and a partial loss of the ability to resist degradation. To preserve and sustainably use arable chernozems, an improved farming system should be implemented, with scientifically based crop rotations, the latest soil protection technologies, and the proper amount of organic and mineral fertilisers to increase the humus content as its main components. Key words: ordinary chernozem, soil degradation, humus content, structural and aggregate state, density, water resistance","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85417767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield of winter wheat after non-traditional predecessors in short-term forage crop rotations","authors":"О. Tkachuk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0273","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Winter wheat is the leading grain and food crop in Ukraine, which is often grown without considering requirements for its predecessors. This crop is widely used in short-term crop rotations, in which there are a number of problems arise in obtaining a high and stable winter wheat yield after non-traditional predecessors. Purpose. To determine the winter wheat yield in specialised fodder short-term crop rotation after the non-traditional predecessors for small farms. Methods. In 2018–2021, field trials were conducted in the Vinnytsia region on leached medium loam chernozems with a humus content of 4.2 %. Winter wheat was sown after three predecessors: fodder beet, pumpkin and potato. Results. The longest period from harvesting potato to sowing winter wheat was 49 days. After harvesting the pumpkin, 16 days remained before sowing winter wheat. The shortest period from harvesting fodder beet to sowing winter wheat was 6 days. The plant density of winter wheat after the potato was by 12.0 % higher than after the pumpkin and by 17.7 % higher than after the fodder beet. During the spring regrowth, the highest plant density of winter wheat was observed after the potato, which was 11.9 % more than after the pumpkin and 18.4 % more than after the fod-der beet. At the end of the growing season, the highest number of productive stems was formed by winter wheat plants after the potato –773 pcs/m2, after fodder beet – by 7.8 % less productive stems, and after the pumpkin – by 42.2 % less than after potato. Conclusions. The highest actual grain yield of winter wheat grown after potato amounted to 7.63 t/ha. After fodder beet, the winter wheat yield was 11.3 % lower than after potato and amounted to 6.77 t/ha. The winter wheat yield after the pumpkin was 40.6 % lower than after potato and 33.1 % lower than after fodder beet. Key words: winter wheat, yield, predecessors, fodder beets, pumpkins, potatoes","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79814623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}