The Scientific Journal Grain Crops最新文献

{"title":"Response of promising winter wheat varieties on yield to growing conditions","authors":"R. Los, V. Kyrylenko, O. Humeniuk, N. Dubovyk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0237","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The genetic potential of winter wheat varieties is used unsatisfactorily, which is one of the many reasons that led to the problem of food grain deficit in Ukraine. Realization of the genetic potential of the variety is possible if the entire set of agrotechnological measures and strict technology of seed growing is implemented. The productivity of varieties with different genotypes largely depends on the preceding crops, sowing dates and weather conditions during the growing season. The purpose of our research was to determine the yield potential of new winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka, depending on the preceding crops and sowing dates in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as well as to establish the interdependence between them. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in field experiment in the fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine (MIW) located in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2018/19–2020/21 (year - factor A). The object of the research were five new winter wheat varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIP Fortuna, MIP Lada, MIP Yuvileina, Avrora Myronivska, MIP Lakomka), which were compared with the standard variety Podolianka (factor B). The experiments were laid down after two preceding crops, namely, sunflower, soybean (factor C); sowing was carried out on September 25 and October 5 with a deviation of 1–3 days (factor D). The coefficients of materiality deviations in air temperature (°С) and the amount of precipitation (mm) was determined by gradation according to the methodology of Ped D. A. (1975) and Kalenska S. V. (2018). Results. Weather conditions during the years of the research varied significantly, which made it possible to evaluate the material objectively. The yield of new winter wheat varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, depending on the preceding crops and sowing dates, was studied. Among the investigated preceding crops, soybean was determined to be the best one, as well as the sowing date September 25, on average, during the years of the study they contributed to obtaining the maximum yield for new varieties of this crop. Conclusions. According to the results of the studying varietal differences, it was determined that the highest yield (6.24 t/ha) in general according to the experiment was formed by the MIP Yuvileina variety for the first sowing date (September 25); for two sowing dates (September 25 and October 5) the highest yield value was observed for the MIP Fortuna variety (5.46 and 5.47 t/ha). Key words: winter wheat, variety, yield, weather conditions, preceding crop, sowing date","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87587417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic complex and recovery of cereal agrocenoses in the Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"M. P. Yavdoshchenko, T. M. Pedash, T. V. Girka, S. Semenov","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0245","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Changes in weather and climatic conditions affect the formation of pathogenic complexes of grain agrocenoses and the species composition of pathogens, which are typical for the Steppe zone of Ukraine. At the same time, changes in cultivation technologies accompanying the transition to new forms of management also play a significant role in the formation of pathogenic complexes. It is necessary to find out the features of the pathogenic mycoflora formation and plant immunity in order to scientifically substantiate measures to stabilize the phytosanitary state of agro-cenoses at the current stage of grain production. Purpose. To divide into appropriate groups of grain crop diseases in the Steppe zone in terms of the nature of development, harmfulness and hy-drothermal dependence of their pathogens. Materials and Methods. In 1999–2019, we conducted surveys of wheat (winter and spring), rye, barley (winter and spring), oats and maize for disease in-festation in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine according to generally accepted methods of phytopathological research. Results. Over the years of research, we identified 123 pathogens, which caused 135 diseases in grain crops. The most diverse composition of pathogens was observed on wheat and maize, 64 and 55 pathogens, and, 33 and 41 diseases, respectively. It should be noted a wide range for specialization of the widespread pathogens in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The pathogens of smut infects generally a certain type of grain crops, rusts are somewhat less specialized. Less specialized parasites, such as fungi from the genera Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Alternaria cause the same type of diseases in several plant species, and some of them affect different plant organs. Thus, among the pathogens of Fusarium root rot of wheat, rye, barley and maize, the fungus Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. was identified. On the maize, in particular, this pathogen caused seedling mold, root and stem rot, cob rot, and grain mold. Conclusions. It was established that the hydrothermal regime can affect the development of diseases not only due to its compliance with the pathogen's requirements, but also affect the resistance of plants. The problem of agrocenosis recovery can be successfully solved by adapting modern intensive technologies of growing grain crops that aimed to optimally utilized ecological resources by plants in the Steppe of Ukraine, and prevent the spread of harmful organisms. Key words: winter wheat, maize, pathogens, diseases, hydrothermal conditions, harmfulness","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76179490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of the growth regulators and microfertilizers in fertilization of maize in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"V. Moldovan, Z. Moldovan","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0239","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Fertilizers are one of the most effective means of influencing the yield and quality of maize grain. Along with macroelements (N, P, K), microelements (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo) play an important role in the formation of maize grain productivity. The need for these elements is small, but they are absolutely necessary for the growth and development of plants. An effective way to provide plants with trace elements during the growing season can be seed treatment and foliar fertilizing, which will contribute to improving the quality of products, increasing yield and economic efficiency of maize cultivation. The use of growth regulators, complex liquid fertilizers is one of the new and promising directions in the agriculture of Ukraine, but little investigated in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe. Purpose. To study the influence of growth stimulants and complex microfertilizers on the growth and development of plants, the formation of individual productivity indicators, yield and grain quality of maize in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. Materials and Methods. For 2019–2020, the research was conducted on medium loamy podzolized chernozems. In a two-factor experiment, it was studied: DN Meotyda and DB Khotyn hybrids; growth stimulants (Vympel-K, Vympel-2) and microfertilizers (Oracle seeds, Oracle multicomplex, Oracle colofermin zinc, Oracle colofermin magnesium), which were used for seed treatment or spraying of crops in stages of 3–5 and 7–9 leaves. Results. It was established that the maize plants of the studied hybrids formed a different number of ears in the experimental plots, namely, DN Meotyda – 98–108, DB Khotyn – 93–98 productive ears per 100 plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of maize at the early growth stages ensured an increase in grain weight per 1 ear of the early-ripening hybrid DN Meotyda by 7.1–27.2 %, and of the mid-early hybrid DB Khotyn – by 5.5–29.4 %, and 1,000 grains weight by 6.9–12.3 % and 10.5–16.0 %, respectively. The grain yield increased by 8.9–27.6 % in the early-ripening hybrid DN Meotyda, and by 8.7–26.1 % in the mid-early hybrid DB Khotyn. Conclusions. The highest indicators of individual productivity and grain yield are provided by the variant that involves seed treatment: Vympel–K + Oracle seed + Oracle zinc; crop treatment in the stage of 3–5 leaves: Vympel–2 + Oracle phosphorus and in the stage of 7–9 leaves: Vympel–2 + Oracle zinc + Oracle magnesium). The grain weight per 1 ear increases by 27.2 for the early-ripening hybrid DN Meotida, by 29.4 % for mid-early DB Khotyn compared to the control; weight of 1,000 grains – by 12.3 and 16.0 %, grain yield – by 27.6 and 26.1 %, respectively. Key words: maize, hybrid, seed treatment, feeding, individual productivity, yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74362973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of structure elements of soybean harvest","authors":"L. Harbar, N. Dovbash, N. Knap, Y. O. Tkachenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0240","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Quantitative indicators of each structure element of productivity directly affect the formation of high yields. The soil and climatic conditions of the region and certain elements of the cultivation technology, in particular, the application of fertilizers, are the determining factors of soybean productivity formation. Purpose. To establish the influence of inoculation and nutritional conditions on the formation of structure elements of the soybean yield for ultra-early variety Merkur. Methods. Special and general scientific methods were used in the research. For 2019–2020, field trials were conducted on typical low-humus chernozems in the conditions of the Kyiv region. The experiment was two-factor: factor A - nutritional conditions created by different rates of fertilizers and growth regulator Gulliver Stymul against the background of mineral fertilization in ВВСН 13-15; ВВСН 51-55; factor B – seed inoculation with Nitrofix P (dry inoculant for soybeans). Results. According to the results of research, the influence effectiveness of nutritional conditions, growth regulators, seed inoculation on the formation of soybean yield structure elements for the Merkur variety are presented, and the interrelationship between these factors is identified. It was established that the formation of soybean productivity elements depends on the studied factors and environmental factors. Conclusions. Increased fertilizer rates significantly increased the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod. Dynamics of increasing the 1,000 seed weight was also observed both in variants with seed inoculation with Nitrofix P, and without seed inoculation. Correlation analysis between the soybean yield structure elements and fertilizer variants revealed a strong positive correlation between them. Correlation-regression analysis, both without seed inoculation and with seed inoculation, revealed a linear dependence, which characterized by a strong correlation between soybean yield and fertilizer variants, with an approximation confidence value of R2 = 0.951. Key words: Gulliver Stymul, yield structure elements, correlation dependence, 1,000 seed weight, Nitrofix P, soybeans, fertilizers, nutritional conditions, yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"605 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77453765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varieties and resource-saving elements of winter wheat growing technology as a west of grain production","authors":"V. Hamaiunova, I. Smirnova, O. Yevtushenko, T. Baklanova","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0243","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Ukraine is a world known producer of high-quality grain. Actually, the potential for grain production of all grain crops, especially, winter wheat is quite powerful, especially in the southern region of Ukraine. At the same time, grain yield levels largely depend on influence of many factors: the moisture supply of plants during the growing years, the agricultural background of nutrition, the selection of varietal composition, the tillage method and measures, the plant protection, the weed infestation, and other factors. There are no trifles in plant cultivation, because strict compliance with all the necessary technological requirements will allow you to obtain constant productivity and ensure a gross harvest of grain every year. This is significantly important both for the state's own needs and for exports. Currently, it is not possible to successfully cultivate crops in all fields and agricultural lands due to military operations in Ukraine. The Ukrainian manufacturers should implement previously developed elements of technology and improve new less-known and resource-saving measures. The last aspect also becomes significant in term of the weakening the economic capacity of farms, the increase in the price of material resources and a certain decrease in soil fertility. Under such conditions, the most effective measure is to review of the list of agricultural crops and select the most unpretentious to environmental conditions crops for cultivation, and among them, it is necessary to select crops highly adapted to biotic and abiotic factors of the environment, and varieties that are able to show their genetically programmed biological and eco-nomically valuable characteristics. Purpose. We attempt to achieve a significant increase in both grain yield and its quality by means of selection and involvement of new varieties in the production, and improvement of certain elements of growing technology. Materials and Methods. Setting up and conducting field experiments was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodology of the research case. The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2007–2021 at the research field of the NNPC of the National Academy of Sciences. Results. It was determined that winter wheat responds to predecessors, increases grain productivity against the background of fertilization. With regard to the selection of the varietal composition of soft winter wheat bred by Ukrainian breeding institutions in the last decades, it was established that most varieties are adapted to cultivation in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, and are able to form a stable level of harvest, which does not clearly fluctuate over the years. Conclusions. We substantiated that winter wheat should be planted after more favorable predecessors, a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers should be applied, and the most productive varieties should be selected, which have the best characteristics in the conditio","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76519193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of global warming on hydrothermal indicators and overwintering of winter cereals in the conditions of Prysyvashsha","authors":"I. Kostyria, M. Ostapenko, M. K. Bondarenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0242","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Climate change due to global warming determines important and relevant areas of re-search activities at the current stage of agricultural development. Climate change affects the potential of natural resources therefore the limits of these changes are taken into account when determining the ways of agricultural production development. Purpose. To determine the impact of global warming as a result of changing climatic conditions on the overwintering of winter cereals in Prysyvashsha. Materials and Methods. The research materials were long-term observations of the basic climatic indicators at the Heni-chesk Experimental Station of the SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. Results. Changes of the main climatic indicators against the background of global warming in Prysyvashsha for the 2004–2020 were analyzed. During 2015–2018, the soil freezing depth and the minimum temperature at the depth of the tillering node of winter cereals during the winter period were investigated. An increase in the average annual air temperature was recorded, which caused a decrease in the soil freezing depth and an increase in its temperature at the depth of the tillering node and shortening of the winter period. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, there is an essential need to find more optimal dates for sowing winter wheat and barley as one of the key segments of agrotechnical measures, which provides better adaptation of winter crops and increase their productivity when grown in new environmental conditions in the arid Steppe zone of Ukraine. Key words: global warming, climate change, air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation, winter wheat, winter barley, sowing dates, depth of soil freezing","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84743791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of wheat-rye translocations on grain quality indices during bread winter wheat breeding in the South of Ukraine","authors":"M. Lytvynenko, Ye. А. Holub, Yaroslav Fanin","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0227","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The use of introgressive material developed due to the involvement of wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS in the modern gene pool of bread winter wheat is quite relevant at this stage of breeding development. This makes it possible to expand the genetic diversity of breeding material to identify new genetic sources of valuable traits and obtain genotypes based on introgressive material with wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS with a sufficiently high grain quality in breeding programs in the southern Ukraine. Purpose. To establish the role of genetic environment as a factor of directional influence of wheat-rye translocations on baking properties, and to develop breeding techniques for neutralizing the negative effects of translocations to produce genotypes with high grain quality indices of valuable and strong wheat. Materials and Methods. Field experiments were carried out in the fields of the Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute - National Center for Seed Breeding and Variety Research in the 2010–2020. Meteorological conditions over the years of research were generally typical arid for the Steppe zone. The lines developed by crossing local varieties-carriers of translocations and the best varieties of the Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute breeding were studied that to identify the influence of wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS on the quality of winter wheat grain in the process of breeding. Results. It was established that the winter wheat grain quality indices were changed (protein content increased, rheological properties decreased) by the introduction of wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS into the local gene pool. These changes depend on the genetic environment, hybrid combination and the influence of genetic factors that reduce the negative effect of wheat-rye translocations on baking properties of the lines. It was proved that development of recombinant lines combining high yield and increased baking properties increases when using introgressive lines with wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS. Conclusions. It is possible to reduce the negative impact of wheat-rye translocations on the bread winter wheat grain quality and develop varieties with quality parameters of valuable and strong wheat by combining wheat-rye translocations with alleles in genotype positively influencing baking properties, and also by creating heterogeneity in genotypes with and without wheat-rye translocations in a certain ratio. An example is the highly heat-resistant variety of strong wheat Oktava Odeska, which is included in the State Register for dissemination in all agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. Keywords: bread winter wheat, recombinant lines, baking quality, wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87570508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding sugar-fodder beet hybrids for biofuel production","authors":"M. Kornieieva","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0226","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The development of biofuel engineering in Ukraine demands to cultivate the agrofuel crops as renewable energy sources. The sugar-fodder hybrids created using high-value sterile forms of sugar beet and fertile forms of fodder beet may hold promise for biofuel feedstock production. Purpose. Develop experimental sugar-fodder beet hybrids with high energy yield, suitable for alternative biofuels production, and select the best ones. Materials and Methods. 6 pollen-sterile breeding lines of sugar beet and 23 selection numbers of fertile fodder beet were used to create the sugar-fodder hybrids. The breeding process comprised the following steps: selection of initial parental lines, evaluation them by combining ability, and, based on the best, formation of the hybrids. Method of multi-tester top crossing was applied and field trials of the experimental hybrids held. Results. The parent components varied significantly in energy yield, which ranged within 53.5–61.5 GJ/ha (for the MS-samples) and from 80.0 to 87.8 GJ/ha for the top 4 pollinators. On completion of the tester crosses, the following have been selected: MS-samples of the sugar beet lines MS Iv. 24869 and MS Iv. 2484 with proven significant effects of general combining ability at 6.7 GJ/ha and 4.0 GJ/ha; and pollinators of the fodder beet varieties Halytskyi and Lvivskyi zhovtyi – at 8.0 GJ/ha and 6.5 GJ/ha, respectively. In the genotypic structure of variability of the “energy output” trait, the total share of the influence of valuable additive gene complexes of parental samples (51 %) was almost equivalent to the share of non-additive interaction of components (49 %). Conclusions. By the method of combinative selection, three new genotypes of sugar-fodder hybrids have been developed, with energy output rate higher than 120 GJ/ha, suitable for the biofuel production from renewable sources. These are the genotypes MS Iv. 24869/k 41/42; MS Iv. 24869/k 13/14; and MS Iv. 24869/s. Lvivskyi zhovtyi, with indicators exceeding the standard by 14.3 %, 15.4 % and 8.5 %, respectively. Keywords: bioenergy, pollen-sterile forms, pollinators, sugar-fodder hybrids, combining ability, energy yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79272182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sainfoin (Onobrychis) in the source material nursery according to new selection criteria at the initial stages of organogenesis","authors":"S. L. Havrysh, О. Viniukov, O. Bondareva","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0233","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The implementation of new selection criteria will solve the problem of forming the sainfoin resistance to extreme hydrothermal conditions and insufficient moisture. Sainfoin adult plants have a high level of drought resistance, unlike its seedlings, which are sensitive to the air and soil moisture deficit. Therefore, the ability of seedlings to adapt to unfavorable moisture conditions has a positive effect on the further development of plants and the formation of their productivity elements. Purpose. To evaluate the principles of new selection criteria for sainfoin biotypes in the breeding process at the initial stages of organogenesis. Materials and methods. The laying of the nursery of the initial material was carried out using new elements of the technology of growing sainfoin, namely summer sowing. Seeds of samples obtained by positive selection from breeding, seed crops, collections of other scientific institutions and local wild populations of sainfoin were sown. The new criteria for selecting sainfoin biotypes are based on an assessment of the intensity of root system development and the calculation of the coefficient of negative drought effect. General scientific research methods are as follows: field, laboratory, measuring-weight, calculation-comparative, mathematical statistics. Results. In the source material nursery of the first year of life, 113 families (45.7 % of the total) formed a root system with a volume of more than 6.5 cm³ within 2.5 months after sowing. Only 77 families (31.2 % of the total number) had a drought impact coefficient of 0.46 or less, i.e., they are suitable for breeding highly productive populations in arid climatic conditions. Sowing seeds of families selected according to the new criteria ensured that number of families with a strong root system (more than 6.5 cm³) increased from 42.2 % to 57.2 % in the next generation, increased plant survival during the first year of life from 63.2 % to 87.2–95.0 %, in winter – from 83.3 % to 90.4–94.8 %, and resistance to fungal diseases from 81 % to 90–95 %. In the nursery of the source material, the share of families with the highest number of shoots per plant (> 27 pcs) and height (> 20 cm) was 27.4 % and 26.6 %, respectively, and was equal to the number of families with a root volume of more than 7.5 cm³ – 27.4 %. Conclusions. According to the results of determining the root volume of sainfoin plants and calculating the coefficient of negative effect of drought, the most productive breeding samples can be selected in the first years of life when using summer sowing with freshly harvested seeds. The selection of breeding material based on new criteria made it possible to identify families with high adaptive potential at the initial stages of plant development in arid conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: breeding, sainfoin, root volume of plant, coefficient of negative drought impact, condition of plants","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75346536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency for combinations of rimsulfuron with adhesives in maize crops","authors":"Y. Tkalich, А. I. Tsyliuryk, V. Kozechko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0244","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Adhesives are an integral part of the weed control system in the maize crops, because they increase the efficiency of herbicide application. They significantly reduce the cost of plant protection products and increase their efficiency, as well as increase the adhesive properties of the herbicide solution to prevent its runoff and prolong its action. Development of new herbicides, constant weather and climate changes require to study further the effectiveness of the combined action of herbicides and adhesives. Among the adhesives for maize, it is generated interest such products as Synergent SOC, Eco Oil Spray, Esterlip, etc. Purpose. To reveal the effectiveness for combinations of herbicides with adhesives in the maize crops, as well as their impact on plant growth and development. Materials and Methods. The experimental scheme included the following combinations of rimsulfuron with adhesives: 1. Control (Rimsulfuron without adhesive); 2. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Trend 90 (0.15 % working solution); 3. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Synergent (0.15 % working solution); 4. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Eco Oil Spray (0.15 % working solution); 5. Rimsulforon (40 g/ha) + Esterlip (0.15 % working solution); 6. Rimsulforon (35 g/ha) + Esterlip (0.15 % working solution); 7. Rimsulforon (25 g/ha) + Esterlip (0.15 % working solution). Results. The combination of rimsulfuron with adhesive Esterlip had the highest technical efficiency compared to other adhesives, in particular, on the redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was 75–100% (complete destruction) and lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.) – 85.7–92.9 %, slightly less on common ragweed (Ambrosia arte-misiifolia L.) – 83.3%. Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) was highly resistant to almost all combinations of rimsulfuron with adhesives. The highest maize yield of 8.99 t/ha was in the variant with Rimsulfuron (40 g/ha) + Esterlip. Reduced application rate of Esterlip to 25–35 g/ha decreased the maize yield to 7.34–7.65 t/ha, or by 1.34–1.65 t/ha (14.9–18.3 %) due to increased weed infestation of crops. The application of adhesives Trend 90, Synergen, Eco Oil Spray also decreased maize yields to 8.48 t/ha, 8.07 t/ha and 8.62 t/ha, respectively, which was less by 0.51 t/ha (5.6 %), 0.92 t/ha (10.2 %) and 0.37 t/ha (4.1 %). The lowest yield was in the control – 5.30 t/ha due to significant weed infestation of grain crops, which decreased by 3.69 t/ha (41.0 %) compared to the best variant (Rimsulfuron (40 g/ha) + Esterlip). Conclusions. Considering the ongoing development of new adhesives and herbicides for maize, as well as climate changes, it is necessary to continue research in this area to determine the most optimal ratio of herbicide rates with adhesives. Key words: maize, weeds, herbicides, adhesives, yield, technical efficiency","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80103981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}