Response of promising winter wheat varieties on yield to growing conditions

R. Los, V. Kyrylenko, O. Humeniuk, N. Dubovyk
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Abstract

Topicality. The genetic potential of winter wheat varieties is used unsatisfactorily, which is one of the many reasons that led to the problem of food grain deficit in Ukraine. Realization of the genetic potential of the variety is possible if the entire set of agrotechnological measures and strict technology of seed growing is implemented. The productivity of varieties with different genotypes largely depends on the preceding crops, sowing dates and weather conditions during the growing season. The purpose of our research was to determine the yield potential of new winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka, depending on the preceding crops and sowing dates in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as well as to establish the interdependence between them. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in field experiment in the fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine (MIW) located in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2018/19–2020/21 (year - factor A). The object of the research were five new winter wheat varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIP Fortuna, MIP Lada, MIP Yuvileina, Avrora Myronivska, MIP Lakomka), which were compared with the standard variety Podolianka (factor B). The experiments were laid down after two preceding crops, namely, sunflower, soybean (factor C); sowing was carried out on September 25 and October 5 with a deviation of 1–3 days (factor D). The coefficients of materiality deviations in air temperature (°С) and the amount of precipitation (mm) was determined by gradation according to the methodology of Ped D. A. (1975) and Kalenska S. V. (2018). Results. Weather conditions during the years of the research varied significantly, which made it possible to evaluate the material objectively. The yield of new winter wheat varieties bred at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, depending on the preceding crops and sowing dates, was studied. Among the investigated preceding crops, soybean was determined to be the best one, as well as the sowing date September 25, on average, during the years of the study they contributed to obtaining the maximum yield for new varieties of this crop. Conclusions. According to the results of the studying varietal differences, it was determined that the highest yield (6.24 t/ha) in general according to the experiment was formed by the MIP Yuvileina variety for the first sowing date (September 25); for two sowing dates (September 25 and October 5) the highest yield value was observed for the MIP Fortuna variety (5.46 and 5.47 t/ha). Key words: winter wheat, variety, yield, weather conditions, preceding crop, sowing date
冬小麦品种产量对生长条件的响应
时事性。冬小麦品种的遗传潜力没有得到充分利用,这是导致乌克兰粮食短缺问题的众多原因之一。如果实施一整套农业技术措施和严格的种子种植技术,就有可能实现该品种的遗传潜力。不同基因型品种的产量在很大程度上取决于前茬作物、播种日期和生长季节的天气条件。我们研究的目的是确定在米罗尼夫卡培育的新冬小麦品种的产量潜力,这取决于乌克兰中部森林草原条件下的前茬作物和播种日期,并确定它们之间的相互依存关系。材料与方法。本研究于2018/19-2020/21年(年因子A)在位于乌克兰森林草原中部的乌克兰Remeslo Myronivka小麦研究所(MIW)进行田间试验,研究对象为Remeslo Myronivka小麦研究所选育的5个冬小麦新品种(MIP Fortuna、MIP Lada、MIP Yuvileina、Avrora Myronivska、MIP Lakomka)。与标准品种Podolianka(因子B)进行比较。试验是在两种前茬作物即向日葵、大豆(因子C)之后进行的;播种时间为9月25日和10月5日,偏差为1-3天(因子D)。气温(°С)和降水量(mm)的重大偏差系数采用Ped D. a .(1975)和Kalenska S. V.(2018)的方法逐级确定。结果。研究期间的天气条件变化很大,这使得客观评估材料成为可能。研究了在Remeslo Myronivka小麦研究所培育的冬小麦新品种的产量,这取决于前茬作物和播种日期。在研究的前期作物中,大豆被确定为最好的作物,播种日期平均为9月25日,在研究的几年中,他们对获得该作物新品种的最高产量做出了贡献。结论。根据品种差异研究结果,总体上确定MIP Yuvileina品种在第一播期(9月25日)产量最高(6.24 t/ha);在两个播种日期(9月25日和10月5日),MIP Fortuna品种的最高产量分别为5.46和5.47 t/ha。关键词:冬小麦,品种,产量,天气条件,前茬,播期
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