The results of studying the productivity indicators of three-line sunflower hybrids and their parental forms under the influence of weather conditions

N. M. Kutishcheva, L. I. Shudria, S. Odinets, O. V. Bezsusidnii, V. O. Sereda
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Abstract

Topicality. At the present stage, the basis of the Ukrainian economy is agricultural production. Agriculture is the only sphere that is as dependent on weather fluctuations as any other. And it constantly has to adapt to the ongoing climate change. Climate changes, which cause an increase in temperatures, changes in the amount of precipitation and its distribution during the growth season, unstable weather conditions, the spread of pests and diseases, threaten the production of sunflower hybrids. The question about the influence of weather factors on the formation of productive traits of both hybrids and their parental forms, the dependence of agricultural crops on weather factors (temperature and precipitation, both for the entire growth season and for several months) is relevant. Purpose. To study of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of productive traits of hybrids and their parental components. Materials and Methods. The triple hybrids of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Ahent, Ahronomicnyi, Kameniar, Marshal, Zaporizkyi 28, their parental components – single-cross sterile hybrids ZL(22х102)A, ZL(42х46)A, ZL(42х58)A and the restorers of fertility ZL512Rf, ZL678Rf and ZL7034Rf were studied. Results. Over the years of research, yield fluctuations reached to 0.90 t/ha for Ahent hybrid, 1.66 t/ha – Agronomichnyi, 0.13 t/ha – Marshal, 0.96 t/ha – Kameniar and 0.58 t/ha – Zaporizkyi 28. The highest yields and oil yield per unit area were in 2018. According to the results of three-year trials on hybrids and their parental forms, the Marshal hybrid had the highest yield – 2.64 t/ha with seed oil content of 50.78 % in 2016. Also in 2016, all pollen fertility restorers had the highest yields and oil yields. In 2018, four out of five hybrids showed the highest yields and oil yield per unit area. In 2017, the lowest oil content in the seeds of the tested hybrids was in the range of 45.16–48.49 % for Ahent and Zaporizkyi 28, respectively. Conclusions. It was established that Marshal is the most productive hybrid for sunflower cultivation in the southern Steppe of Ukraine, its average yield was 2.56 t/ha that exceeded by 0.27–0.48 t/ha this indicator in other hybrids. Key words: sunflower, hybrid, yield, oil content, 1000 seeds weight, oil yield, weather conditions, precipitation, temperature, sum of active temperatures, correlation coefficient
三系向日葵杂交种及其亲本品种在气候条件影响下的生产力指标研究结果
时事性。在现阶段,乌克兰经济的基础是农业生产。农业是唯一像其他领域一样依赖天气波动的领域。它必须不断适应持续的气候变化。气候变化导致温度升高、生长季节降水量及其分布的变化、不稳定的天气条件、病虫害的蔓延,威胁着向日葵杂交品种的生产。天气因素对杂种及其亲本生产性状形成的影响,农作物对天气因素(整个生长季节和几个月的温度和降水)的依赖性,这些问题都是相关的。目的。研究气象条件对杂交种生产性状及其亲本成分形成的影响。材料与方法。向日葵的三联杂交以Ahent、Ahronomicnyi、Kameniar、Marshal、Zaporizkyi 28及其亲本单交不育杂交种ZL(22х102)A、ZL(42х46)A、ZL(42х58)A和育性恢复系ZL512Rf、ZL678Rf和ZL7034Rf为研究对象。结果。在多年的研究中,阿恩特杂交种的产量波动达到0.90 t/公顷,农艺杂交种为1.66 t/公顷,马歇尔杂交种为0.13 t/公顷,卡米尼亚杂交种为0.96 t/公顷,扎波罗吉28杂交种为0.58 t/公顷。单产和单产最高的年份是2018年。杂种及其亲本3年试验结果显示,2016年元帅杂交种产量最高,为2.64 t/ha,种子含油量为50.78%。同样在2016年,所有花粉育性恢复系的产量和油产量最高。2018年,5个杂交品种中有4个单产和单产最高。2017年,阿森特和扎波罗吉28的种子含油量最低,分别为45.16 ~ 48.49%。结论。结果表明,Marshal是乌克兰南部草原向日葵栽培中产量最高的杂交种,其平均产量为2.56 t/ha,比其他杂交种高出0.27-0.48 t/ha。关键词:向日葵,杂交种,产量,含油量,千粒重,产油量,天气条件,降水,温度,活性温度总和,相关系数
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