{"title":"乌克兰北部草原冬季黑麦植物光合活性与栽培条件的关系","authors":"М. М. Solodushko, Yu. V. Bezsusidnia","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0269","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Today, studying the influence of agrotechnical methods on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties, depending on the predecessors, sowing dates and mineral nutrition, allows to achieve full biological potential of plants and determine the optimal technological parameters for increasing grain yield in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Purpose. To conduct investigations on the peculiarities of photosynthetic activity of modern winter rye varieties depending on their predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the mineral nutrition content in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In 2018–2021, the research was conducted on the basis of the Experimental Farm \"Dnipro\" of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. There were four factors in the experiment. The winter rye varieties Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir were sown after sunflower and spring barley in the early (5–10 September), optimal (20–25 September) and late (5–10 October) dates. Results. Winter rye, sown after spring barley, had a larger leaf area, leaf index and higher values of photosynthetic potential compared to the experimental variants where this crop was sown after sunflower. The maximum values of these parameters were observed in plants of different varieties when sown on 20–25 September with N45 applied on frozen-thawed soil after both predecessors. Over the years of research, annual average values of leaf area in the heading stage of plants grown after stubble predecessor for Pamiat Khudoierka variety were 50.4 thousand m2/ha, Stoir variety – 52.9 thousand m2/ha, and after sunflower – 46.6 and 48.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. These variants also had the highest photosynthetic potential of the crop, which was 2.59 and 2.76 million m²-days/ha in Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties grown after spring barley, and 2.40 and 2.52 million m²-days/ha after sunflower, respectively. According to our research results, it was found that the highest yield of Stoir variety was obtained by sowing winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal date, namely 20–25 September, and applying nitrogen at the rate of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring, which was, depending on the predecessor, 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Therefore, according to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the maximum leaf surface area (52.9 thousand m2/ha), leaf index (5.3) and photosynthetic potential (2.76 million m²-days/ha) were formed by Stoir variety at sowing on 20–25 September after spring barley and nitrogen fertilisation of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring on frozen-thawed soil. In addition, the maximum yield level of Stoir variety was achieved under such conditions after spring barley and sunflower, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Key words: winter rye, variety, predecessor, sowing date, photosynthetic activity of plants, leaf area, photosynthetic potential of crops, yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Photosynthetic activity of winter rye plants (Secale Cereale L.) in dependence on cultivation conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine\",\"authors\":\"М. М. Solodushko, Yu. V. Bezsusidnia\",\"doi\":\"10.31867/2523-4544/0269\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Topicality. Today, studying the influence of agrotechnical methods on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties, depending on the predecessors, sowing dates and mineral nutrition, allows to achieve full biological potential of plants and determine the optimal technological parameters for increasing grain yield in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Purpose. To conduct investigations on the peculiarities of photosynthetic activity of modern winter rye varieties depending on their predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the mineral nutrition content in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In 2018–2021, the research was conducted on the basis of the Experimental Farm \\\"Dnipro\\\" of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. There were four factors in the experiment. The winter rye varieties Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir were sown after sunflower and spring barley in the early (5–10 September), optimal (20–25 September) and late (5–10 October) dates. Results. Winter rye, sown after spring barley, had a larger leaf area, leaf index and higher values of photosynthetic potential compared to the experimental variants where this crop was sown after sunflower. The maximum values of these parameters were observed in plants of different varieties when sown on 20–25 September with N45 applied on frozen-thawed soil after both predecessors. Over the years of research, annual average values of leaf area in the heading stage of plants grown after stubble predecessor for Pamiat Khudoierka variety were 50.4 thousand m2/ha, Stoir variety – 52.9 thousand m2/ha, and after sunflower – 46.6 and 48.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. These variants also had the highest photosynthetic potential of the crop, which was 2.59 and 2.76 million m²-days/ha in Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties grown after spring barley, and 2.40 and 2.52 million m²-days/ha after sunflower, respectively. According to our research results, it was found that the highest yield of Stoir variety was obtained by sowing winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal date, namely 20–25 September, and applying nitrogen at the rate of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring, which was, depending on the predecessor, 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Therefore, according to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the maximum leaf surface area (52.9 thousand m2/ha), leaf index (5.3) and photosynthetic potential (2.76 million m²-days/ha) were formed by Stoir variety at sowing on 20–25 September after spring barley and nitrogen fertilisation of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring on frozen-thawed soil. In addition, the maximum yield level of Stoir variety was achieved under such conditions after spring barley and sunflower, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Key words: winter rye, variety, predecessor, sowing date, photosynthetic activity of plants, leaf area, photosynthetic potential of crops, yield\",\"PeriodicalId\":23071,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops\",\"volume\":\"63 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0269\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0269","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
时事性。今天,研究农业技术方法对植物光合活性和现代冬季黑麦品种的粮食生产力的影响,取决于前代作物、播种日期和矿物质营养,可以充分发挥植物的生物潜力,并确定提高乌克兰北部草原粮食产量的最佳技术参数。目的。在北方草原不同播期、土壤矿质营养含量和气候条件的背景下,研究现代冬黑麦品种光合活性的特点。材料与方法。2018-2021年,在乌克兰国家粮食科学院国有企业粮食作物研究所“第聂伯罗”实验农场进行研究。实验中有四个因素。冬季黑麦品种Pamiat Khudoierka和Stoir分别在向日葵和春大麦之后播种,播种时间分别为早(9月5-10日)、优(9月20-25日)和晚(10月5-10日)。结果。在春大麦之后播种的冬黑麦,其叶面积、叶指数和光合势值均高于在向日葵之后播种的试验变异体。不同品种的植株在9月20 ~ 25日播种时,在冻融土壤上施用N45后,这些参数均达到最大值。多年研究结果表明,胡多尔卡品种茬后生长植株抽穗期叶面积年平均值分别为50.4万m2/ha、5.29万m2/ha、46.6万m2/ha、4.85万m2/ha。这些变异也具有最高的光合潜能,春大麦之后生长的Pamiat Khudoierka和Stoir品种的光合潜能分别为2.59和276万m²-days/ha,向日葵之后生长的光合潜能分别为2.40和252万m²-days/ha。研究结果表明,在9月20-25日春大麦和向日葵之后播种冬黑麦,早春施氮量为45 kg a.i./ha,产量最高,依前代分别为6.47和5.03 t/ha。结论。因此,根据所进行的研究结果,在冻融土壤上,春大麦和早春45 kg a.i./ha施氮后,9月20-25日播种时,storir品种的叶表面积(5.29万m2/ha)、叶指数(5.3)和光合势(276万m²-d /ha)最大。在此条件下,史托尔品种产量最高,仅次于春大麦和向日葵,分别为6.47 t/ha和5.03 t/ha。关键词:冬黑麦,品种,前代,播期,植株光合活性,叶面积,作物光合势,产量
Photosynthetic activity of winter rye plants (Secale Cereale L.) in dependence on cultivation conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Topicality. Today, studying the influence of agrotechnical methods on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties, depending on the predecessors, sowing dates and mineral nutrition, allows to achieve full biological potential of plants and determine the optimal technological parameters for increasing grain yield in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Purpose. To conduct investigations on the peculiarities of photosynthetic activity of modern winter rye varieties depending on their predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the mineral nutrition content in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In 2018–2021, the research was conducted on the basis of the Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. There were four factors in the experiment. The winter rye varieties Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir were sown after sunflower and spring barley in the early (5–10 September), optimal (20–25 September) and late (5–10 October) dates. Results. Winter rye, sown after spring barley, had a larger leaf area, leaf index and higher values of photosynthetic potential compared to the experimental variants where this crop was sown after sunflower. The maximum values of these parameters were observed in plants of different varieties when sown on 20–25 September with N45 applied on frozen-thawed soil after both predecessors. Over the years of research, annual average values of leaf area in the heading stage of plants grown after stubble predecessor for Pamiat Khudoierka variety were 50.4 thousand m2/ha, Stoir variety – 52.9 thousand m2/ha, and after sunflower – 46.6 and 48.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. These variants also had the highest photosynthetic potential of the crop, which was 2.59 and 2.76 million m²-days/ha in Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties grown after spring barley, and 2.40 and 2.52 million m²-days/ha after sunflower, respectively. According to our research results, it was found that the highest yield of Stoir variety was obtained by sowing winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal date, namely 20–25 September, and applying nitrogen at the rate of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring, which was, depending on the predecessor, 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Therefore, according to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the maximum leaf surface area (52.9 thousand m2/ha), leaf index (5.3) and photosynthetic potential (2.76 million m²-days/ha) were formed by Stoir variety at sowing on 20–25 September after spring barley and nitrogen fertilisation of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring on frozen-thawed soil. In addition, the maximum yield level of Stoir variety was achieved under such conditions after spring barley and sunflower, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Key words: winter rye, variety, predecessor, sowing date, photosynthetic activity of plants, leaf area, photosynthetic potential of crops, yield