Winter wheat productivity depending on the systems of primary tillage against the background of short-term crop rotations in the South of Ukraine

L. Serhieiev, I. Kohut, O. T. Melnуk, S. Pochkolina
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Abstract

Topicality. In the current agricultural environment, there is a trend towards simplification of tillage, wrong crop rotation sequences, narrowing of specialisation of most agricultural enterprises, and therefore the role of the predecessor and tillage systems as one of the least costly ways to optimise winter crop cultivation will only increase. For this reason, the development and research of various schemes of primary tillage on the background of short-term crop rotation will continue to be a topical issue and will always be subject to scientific and practical interest. Purpose. Our research aimed to development of environmental friendly technologies for competitive production of high-quality crop production in the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was the main method, which was supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations and observations in accordance with generally accepted methods and guidelines in agriculture and crop production. In the experiment, the systems of crop rotations and primary tillage were studied. Results. The influence of different systems of primary tillage on the winter wheat yield in short-term crop rotation was studied. It was found that in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, the moldboardless tillage created the best conditions for the formation of winter wheat yield in the 1st, 2nd and 4th crops. The highest yields were in all experimental variants after such predecessors as black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch. Conclusions. For all experimental variants, the best results in terms of yield were observed after black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch in the 1st and 4th crops. In the 2nd crop, green manure fallow with winter vetch had an advantage of 4.9 % compared to black fallow. In winter wheat, a positive effect on the formation of yields was manifested by moldboardless tillage. Key words: crop rotation, predecessors, primary tillage system, yield, winter wheat
在乌克兰南部短期轮作的背景下,冬小麦产量取决于初级耕作制度
时事性。在目前的农业环境中,有一种趋势是简化耕作,错误的作物轮作顺序,大多数农业企业的专业化程度不断缩小,因此,作为优化冬季作物种植成本最低的方法之一,以前的耕作制度和耕作制度的作用只会增加。因此,短期轮作背景下的各种初级耕作方案的开发和研究将继续是一个热门问题,并将始终受到科学和实践的关注。目的。我们的研究旨在开发环境友好型技术,以便在乌克兰黑海草原生产具有竞争力的高质量作物。方法。实地方法是主要方法,并根据农业和作物生产中普遍接受的方法和准则,辅以分析研究、测量、计算和观察。在试验中,研究了轮作制度和初作制度。结果。研究了短期轮作条件下不同初耕制度对冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明,在乌克兰南部草原条件下,无模耕作为冬小麦1、2、4季产量的形成创造了最佳条件。所有试验品种的产量均高于黑休耕和绿肥休耕。结论。在所有试验变异体中,1季和4季冬季野豌豆黑色休耕和绿肥休耕后产量最佳。在第二季中,绿肥休耕与冬野豌豆相比黑色休耕的优势为4.9%。在冬小麦中,免耕对产量的形成有积极的影响。关键词:轮作,前人,初作制度,产量,冬小麦
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