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Engineering Photo-Functionalities of OrganicInorganic Hybrid Metal Halides Toward Repeatable Optical Writing/Erasing and Multilevel Information Encryption. 面向可重复光学写入/擦除和多级信息加密的有机无机杂化金属卤化物的工程光功能。
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501493
Ying Wang,Zunfei Ma,Yuanrong Yang,Xiaohui Hu,Haoyu Wang,Fan Zhang,Hongzhou Dong,Shuo Zhang,Ming Meng,Lina Sui,Zhixing Gan,Lifeng Dong,Liyan Yu
{"title":"Engineering Photo-Functionalities of OrganicInorganic Hybrid Metal Halides Toward Repeatable Optical Writing/Erasing and Multilevel Information Encryption.","authors":"Ying Wang,Zunfei Ma,Yuanrong Yang,Xiaohui Hu,Haoyu Wang,Fan Zhang,Hongzhou Dong,Shuo Zhang,Ming Meng,Lina Sui,Zhixing Gan,Lifeng Dong,Liyan Yu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202501493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501493","url":null,"abstract":"Organic-inorganic hybrid halides (OIHH) have garnered considerable attention as promising photo-functional materials. Nevertheless, the rational design of OIHH with tailored optical properties remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the synthesis of Sb3+-doped (benzamidine)2InCl5(H2O) crystals exhibiting intense visible-light emission is reported. Furthermore, photochromism (PC) and afterglow are achieved by exploiting intermolecular charge transfer between guest water and C═N+─H group within the crystalline lattice. Radicals with a characteristic absorption band at 520 nm are generated by photo-irradiation, which causes PC, while the energy stored in the long-lived radicals gradually transfers to Sb3+ centers, yielding an afterglow effect. Repeatable optical writing/erasing processes are demonstrated based on the reversible PC effect. In addition, a multi-level information encryption scheme is proposed based on the multiplexed integration of fluorescence color, PC, and afterglow. Therefore, this work not only develops a novel OIHH system but also offers a universal strategy for engineering photo-responsive functionalities by intermolecular charge transfer. While water promotes free radical reactions, it simultaneously accelerates PC bleaching, presenting a challenge that requires further research to resolve this dichotomy.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"12 1","pages":"e2501493"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144521378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engineering Precursor Localization via Solvency for Simultaneously Metallizing and Hollowing Bicontinuous Gyroid Structures. 同时金属化和空心化双连续陀螺结构的工程前驱体定位。
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202505516
Yuan Xiang,Ahmed Gamal AboElsood,Wei-Tsung Chuang,Yu-Chueh Hung,Yeo-Wan Chiang
{"title":"Engineering Precursor Localization via Solvency for Simultaneously Metallizing and Hollowing Bicontinuous Gyroid Structures.","authors":"Yuan Xiang,Ahmed Gamal AboElsood,Wei-Tsung Chuang,Yu-Chueh Hung,Yeo-Wan Chiang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202505516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202505516","url":null,"abstract":"Metallized ordered porous nanonetworks offer exceptional performance due to their robust bicontinuous interconnected frameworks with a large surface area. However, further enhanced porosity remains a challenge. The most efficient approach is to simultaneously hollow and metallize these nanonetworks, dominated by precisely controlling the associated distribution of the guest metallic precursor. Here, the challenges in maintaining the structural integrity of the double gyroid (DG) structure while enhancing porosity are overcome by direct metallizing and hollowing the DG hybrid into tungsten oxide (WO₃) hollow double gyroid (HG) architectures using polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) block copolymers. Unlike typical hybridization where guest precursors distribute uniformly, the approach leverages the ionization of bicontinuous P4VP frameworks and the solvency of metallic precursors to precisely control precursor association. This results in two distinct hybridizations: homogeneous dispersion within the P4VP framework or heterogeneous localization at microphase-separated interfaces. The heterogeneous localization can lead to the formation of the unique core-shell triclinic DG hybrid, distinct from the conventional cubic DG. Through sequential calcination, the core-shell DG hybrid can be simultaneously metallized and hollowed into crystalline WO₃-based HG structures with exceptional porosity. This engineering precursor distribution is also valid for amphiphilic copolymer-derived ordered and disordered nanonetworks, paving advanced applications in nanopatterning, metamaterials, and catalysis.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"19 1","pages":"e2505516"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144521385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"Grafting-to" Polymers of Xylan-g-allyl Glycidyl Ether Toughen PEG Hydrogel via Microphase Separation: Thermoresponsive and Photoreactive Molecular Assembly in DLP 3D Printing. 通过微相分离“接枝”木聚糖-g-烯丙基缩水甘油醚增韧PEG水凝胶的聚合物:DLP 3D打印中的热响应和光反应分子组装。
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502129
Yidong Zhang,Qingbo Wang,Wangfang Deng,Silva Hazer,Axel Luukkonen,Andrey Pranovich,Outi M H Salo-Ahen,Ronald Österbacka,Chunlin Xu,Xiaoju Wang
{"title":"\"Grafting-to\" Polymers of Xylan-g-allyl Glycidyl Ether Toughen PEG Hydrogel via Microphase Separation: Thermoresponsive and Photoreactive Molecular Assembly in DLP 3D Printing.","authors":"Yidong Zhang,Qingbo Wang,Wangfang Deng,Silva Hazer,Axel Luukkonen,Andrey Pranovich,Outi M H Salo-Ahen,Ronald Österbacka,Chunlin Xu,Xiaoju Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502129","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing naturally derived biopolymers in the macromolecular design of thermoresponsive polymers offers sustainable and biodegradable smart building blocks to functional materials. Here, a novel graft polymer of xylan-g-allyl glycidyl ether (xylan-g-AGE) that is thermoresponsive to self-assemble and photoreactive in photopolymerization is reported. This research highlights an innovative use of the debranched wood xylan, a chemically engineered linear polysaccharide of β-1,4-linked xylose, as the backbone in grafting polymer, which allows a greater degree of spatial coordination for sidechains than the analogous cellulose. Induced by the reformation of H-bonds and hydrophobic effect, xylan-g-AGE transits from solvated coil chain to self-assembled mesoglobules upon the temperature change above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). When xylan-g-AGE is used in photoresins to fabricate hydrogels with good geometric fidelity via DLP 3D printing, solvated xylan-g-AGE stiffens the polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel strongly, due to higher crosslink density of available AGE moiety and faster crosslinking rate, while self-assembled xylan-g-AGE toughens the PEG hydrogel better, attributed to the strategy of \"dual chemically independent domains\" that smartly combines tough domain of PEG and soft domain of self-assembled xylan-g-AGE. Conductive hydrogel is fabricated by incorporating 2D MXene sheets into this hydrogel matrix in DLP printing, which demonstrates superior performance as wearable strain sensors.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"47 1","pages":"e2502129"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144521388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Supramolecular Self-Assembled, Conductive, Mechanically Flexible MXene Cross-Linked Polypyrrole Hydrogel for Wearable Energy Storage Applications. 可穿戴储能应用的超分子自组装、导电、机械柔性MXene交联聚吡咯水凝胶。
IF 13 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502286
Prathyumnan Thiruchelvam, Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
{"title":"Supramolecular Self-Assembled, Conductive, Mechanically Flexible MXene Cross-Linked Polypyrrole Hydrogel for Wearable Energy Storage Applications.","authors":"Prathyumnan Thiruchelvam, Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wearable supercapacitors, an emerging integrable power source for conformable bioelectronics, offer high-power density, flexibility, and longevity. Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) combine electronic conductivity and mechanical flexibility, making them promising electrode materials for seamless interfacing with biological tissues. Nevertheless, most pristine CPHs are brittle and crack under deformation, sacrificing device performance. Herein, a fully conductive, biocompatible, and mechanically robust 3D polypyrrole (PPy)-Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> hydrogel (PMCH) is reported to overcome these challenges in wearable supercapacitors. A multi-step gelation mechanism wherein Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanosheets (NSs) are fine-tuned as conductive cross-linkers for PPy chains is utilized, endowing structural elasticity to the PMCH. The hierarchical, water-saturated mesopores guaranteed an ion-rich hydrophilic environment, boosting access to redox-active sites. Consequently, the PMCH-3 (only 33.33 wt.% Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> NSs) delivered a striking specific capacitance of 368.3 F g<sup>-1</sup> in an expanded potential window of 1 V. As a proof-of-concept, the all-gel solid-state supercapacitor with commercially-relevant mass loading successfully powered a red LED under bending and retained 92.1% of its capacitance across 1000 bending cycles, showcasing excellent wearability. The lightweight, affordable device delivered a state-of-the-art energy density of 49.8 µWh cm<sup>-2</sup> and a peak power density of 8000 µW cm<sup>-2</sup>, meeting the rigorous demands of next-generation wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e2502286"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CO2 Electroreduction to Near‐Unity CO Triggered by Built‐in Electric Field Over P‐N‐Heterojunction Cu2O‐Cd(OH)2 Interface P - N -异质结Cu2O - Cd(OH)2界面上内置电场触发CO2电还原成近统一CO
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501383
Junjie Ma, Mingying Chen, Quanping Yuan, Xijun Liu, Xucai Yin, Boran Wang, Jing Xu, Huibing He
{"title":"CO2 Electroreduction to Near‐Unity CO Triggered by Built‐in Electric Field Over P‐N‐Heterojunction Cu2O‐Cd(OH)2 Interface","authors":"Junjie Ma, Mingying Chen, Quanping Yuan, Xijun Liu, Xucai Yin, Boran Wang, Jing Xu, Huibing He","doi":"10.1002/smll.202501383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501383","url":null,"abstract":"Cu‐based nanomaterials have attracted great attention as a new generation of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> electroreduction catalysts. However, significant limitations in the selectivity for a single product impede their industrial applications. Herein, the built‐in electric field (BIEF) strategy for the design of Cu‐based nano‐catalysts is reported, achieving near‐unity CO synthesis via the electrocatalytic CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> reduction (ECR) on the synthesized P‐N‐heterojunction Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O‐Cd(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> catalyst. This catalyst showcases extraordinary selectivity, attaining almost 100% CO Faraday efficiency (<jats:italic>FE<jats:sub>CO</jats:sub></jats:italic>), accompanied by exceptional stability. Furthermore, the industrial‐scale flow battery with Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O‐Cd(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> as the cathode manifests <jats:italic>FE<jats:sub>CO</jats:sub></jats:italic> surpassing 99%, a CO partial current density (<jats:italic>j</jats:italic><jats:sub>CO</jats:sub>) as high as 303.21 mA cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, and a durable cycling life. In situ characterization and density functional theory calculations revealed that the enhanced ECR activity stems from the Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O‐Cd(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> catalyst interface, which accelerates the electron transfer from Cd(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O, thus reducing the free energy barrier of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐to‐CO reaction intermediates and boosting the CO selectivity. This research offers insights into the construction of BIEF to fabricate efficient Cu‐based catalysts for ECR industrialization.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revealing the Micro‐Size Effect in Alloy Anodes for High‐Capacity and Long‐Cycling Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries 揭示高容量长循环硫化物基固态电池合金阳极的微尺寸效应
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202504481
Irfan Ullah, Shen Qiu, Songyang Chang, Wentao Hou, Dalice M. Piñero Cruz, Gerardo Morell, James Wu, Zhongfang Chen, Xianyong Wu
{"title":"Revealing the Micro‐Size Effect in Alloy Anodes for High‐Capacity and Long‐Cycling Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries","authors":"Irfan Ullah, Shen Qiu, Songyang Chang, Wentao Hou, Dalice M. Piñero Cruz, Gerardo Morell, James Wu, Zhongfang Chen, Xianyong Wu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202504481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202504481","url":null,"abstract":"Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are competitive contenders for energy storage due to their inherent safety and high energy. However, the lack of an appropriate anode has hindered their development. Graphite and lithium metal are widely used anode materials, but graphite suffers from a low capacity, whereas lithium metal presents severe dendrite and reactivity challenges. Herein, the promising performance of micro‐sized alloys is demonstrated as high‐capacity and long‐cycling anodes for SSBs. Using antimony as a model anode, its full theoretical capacity (660 mAh g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), high‐rate capability (3 A g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), and long cycling life (1000–2000 cycles) is achieved at room temperature. Comparative studies further reveal an overlooked “micro‐size effect”, where micro‐sized alloys establish more efficient electron/ion conduction pathways, significantly exceeding their nano‐sized counterparts. This micro‐size effect challenges the conventional belief that nano‐sized alloys always outperform micro‐sized ones. Based on this discovery, similarly high performance of other micro‐alloys (lead and bismuth) in SSBs is further demonstrated. Given the additional benefits of easy synthesis, low cost, high tap density, and high stability, micro‐sized alloys hold great promise as excellent anode candidates for SSBs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electric Eel-Inspired Elastomer-Encapsulated Hydrogel Sensor with Superior Anti-Swelling, Self-Adhesion, and Electrical Stability for Diverse Underwater Applications. 电鳗启发弹性体封装水凝胶传感器优越的抗膨胀,自粘,和电气稳定性的各种水下应用。
IF 13 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202503207
Guang Chen, Binyao Zhang, Boning Tan, Weizhong Yuan
{"title":"Electric Eel-Inspired Elastomer-Encapsulated Hydrogel Sensor with Superior Anti-Swelling, Self-Adhesion, and Electrical Stability for Diverse Underwater Applications.","authors":"Guang Chen, Binyao Zhang, Boning Tan, Weizhong Yuan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202503207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing reliable underwater flexible sensing materials is a highly focused research topic, but challenges such as insufficient environmental stability and signal attenuation still remain. In this work, an electric eel-inspired encapsulation structure is proposed, consisting of a hydroxyl-rich conductive hydrogel (SNA) core and a hydrophobic insulating elastomer (HPC) shell, with encapsulation achieved through in situ polymerization by embedding wires. The SNA-HPC gel sensor demonstrates excellent signal stability (no signal attenuation during water entry and exit, over 3000 cycles of testing), ultra-high underwater sensitivity and conductivity (GF = 1.997, σ = 0.51), and outstanding self-adhesion (143.1 kPa in air/91.3 kPa underwater). Moreover, the interfacial bonding strength between SNA and HPC reaches 243.63 N m<sup>-1</sup>. SNA-HPC is successfully applied in deep-learning-assisted swim posture recognition, Morse code-based underwater communication, and multi-scenario human-machine interaction through the SNA∗n-HPC matrix sensor. This work is expected to provide insights into the development of high-quality underwater wearable electronic devices and the multifunctionalization of underwater sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e2503207"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silver Nanowires Epsilon-Negative Metacomposites in Constructing Laminated Structure Meta-Capacitors. 银纳米线负epsilon复合材料在层状结构电容器中的应用。
IF 13 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501848
Zongxiang Wang, Kai Sun, Yuan Yuan, Xin Yao, Qing Hou, Chaoyun Song, Runhua Fan
{"title":"Silver Nanowires Epsilon-Negative Metacomposites in Constructing Laminated Structure Meta-Capacitors.","authors":"Zongxiang Wang, Kai Sun, Yuan Yuan, Xin Yao, Qing Hou, Chaoyun Song, Runhua Fan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202501848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epsilon-negative metacomposites with remarkable super-coupling, tunneling, and local field enhancements characteristics have attracted extensive attention. Under the growing demand for superior energy storage and conversion efficiency of capacitors, conventional materials can not fulfill the requirements in balancing the trade-offs of dielectric constant, losses, and energy density. New insights into the design and functionality of laminated structure meta-capacitors are presented, which can provide an effective solution to these limitations. The proposed meta-capacitors are made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>), and silver nanowires (AgNWs), which exhibit excellent dielectric properties and higher stored/discharged energy density. Specifically, epsilon-negative behavior is derived from plasma oscillation via constructing percolation networks. Consequently, the dielectric constant of meta-capacitors is significantly enhanced to 59.74, which is more than six times that of pristine PVDF of 9.95, while the loss tangent is lower than 0.035. Notably, compared with conventional devices, the meta-capacitors have shown higher energy storage and discharge density, which is increased by 148% and 133% respectively. This work highlights the potential of laminated structure meta-capacitors in promising energy applications, which can provide valuable insights for next-generation energy storage devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e2501848"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Yolk‐Shell Sodium Iron Sulfate@Carbon for Advanced Sodium Storage with Enhanced Capacity and Stability 蛋黄-壳铁钠Sulfate@Carbon用于提高容量和稳定性的先进钠储存
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202506866
Yuming Zhao, Fengxuan Wu, Mingwei Jiang, Zhidong Hou, Weijia He, Dan Su, Fei Xu, Jian‐Gan Wang
{"title":"Yolk‐Shell Sodium Iron Sulfate@Carbon for Advanced Sodium Storage with Enhanced Capacity and Stability","authors":"Yuming Zhao, Fengxuan Wu, Mingwei Jiang, Zhidong Hou, Weijia He, Dan Su, Fei Xu, Jian‐Gan Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202506866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202506866","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium iron sulfates (NFS) have garnered immense scientific and industrial interest as the cost‐effective and high‐voltage cathode materials of sodium‐ion batteries. However, the sodium storage properties of NFS are far beyond the theoretical threshold, which remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a yolk‐shell NFS@carbon hollow spheres (NFS@CHS) architecture for effectively expediting the electrochemical kinetics and stability is demonstrated. Hierarchically porous carbon hollow spheres are screened out to sufficiently encapsulate NFS nanosized particles by strong capillary confinement, thus constructing highly conductive electron/ion transportation expressways for enhanced electrode reactivity and stability. Impressively, the yolk‐shell composite achieves a record‐high reversible capacity of 120.2 mAh g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 0.1 C, excellent rate retention of 65 mAh g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 20 C, along with a remarkable working lifespan over 12 000 cycles. The kinetic‐enhanced reaction mechanism and its potential application of NFS@CHS in full cells are systematically studied. This work will afford an insightful perspective for rational design and synthesis of high‐performance NFS‐based materials toward commercial practice.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovations and Applications of Composite Hydrogels: from Polymer‐Based Systems to Metal‐Ion‐Doped and Functional Nanomaterial‐Enhanced Architectures 复合水凝胶的创新和应用:从基于聚合物的体系到金属离子掺杂和功能纳米材料增强的体系结构
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学
Small Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202503147
Ligang Zou, Yixin Li, Shuaiyang Feng, Zhenyu Wang, Hui Xiao, Sixun Chen, Yingqi Wang, Liangcan He, Xiang Mao
{"title":"Innovations and Applications of Composite Hydrogels: from Polymer‐Based Systems to Metal‐Ion‐Doped and Functional Nanomaterial‐Enhanced Architectures","authors":"Ligang Zou, Yixin Li, Shuaiyang Feng, Zhenyu Wang, Hui Xiao, Sixun Chen, Yingqi Wang, Liangcan He, Xiang Mao","doi":"10.1002/smll.202503147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503147","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels are 3D polymer networks cross‐linked by physical interactions or covalent bonds. Been considered as versatile fabrication platforms for biomaterials due to their excellent biocompatibility and water‐solubility. Particularly, the single‐component hydrogels exhibit similar properties as above, but have obvious restrictions such as poor mechanical properties, rapid swelling, and unexpected instability. It can limit applications in biomedicine, mechanical proceeding, and electrochemical engineering. To address these limitations, researchers have investigated composite hydrogels’ construction, properties, and expanded applications. It mainly focuses on the fabrication of composite hydrogels with integrations of different materials, expanded mechanical properties, varied performances, functionalities, and obvious advantages. This review expounds on the developments in hydrogel‐based polymer materials, especially the progress made in the preparation methods, the mechanism of action, and technology development. The review also explores the positive impact of the introduction of innovative elements such as metal ions, nanomaterials, and bioactive molecules on the performance of hydrogels and their pioneering works, providing new perspectives for the design and optimization of hydrogels under specific application requirements. Finally, it looks forward to the challenges and future development potential of composite hydrogels, emphasizing the continuous improvement in design, functional integration, and application suitability, and reveals further prospects in this field.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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