IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76241

Ying Wang, Wen Yu, Xinyi Li, Hao Chi, Chengwei Liu, Penghui Su, Yuzhu Li, Yun Luo, Nanping Deng, Weimin Kang

{"title":"Electrospinning-Enabled Functional Components for Advanced Zinc-Based Batteries: From Structural Design to Interface Regulation.","authors":"Ying Wang, Wen Yu, Xinyi Li, Hao Chi, Chengwei Liu, Penghui Su, Yuzhu Li, Yun Luo, Nanping Deng, Weimin Kang","doi":"10.1002/smll.76241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76241","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospun structural nanofibers have attracted increasing attention in zinc-based batteries owing to their high porosity, interconnected conductive networks, tunable architectures, and versatile material compatibility. By simultaneously regulating ion transport, structural evolution, and interfacial reactions, these functional materials provide effective solutions to critical challenges, including zinc dendrite growth, sluggish reaction kinetics, structural degradation, and interfacial instability. Therefore, this review summarizes recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for high-performance zinc-based batteries from the perspective of ion-spatial-interfacial synergistic regulation. The relationships between electrospinning strategies for fiber architectures and electrochemical functionalities are presented and discussed, with particular emphasis on porous, hollow, multichannel, core-shell, and hierarchical structures. Representative approaches, mainly including precursor engineering, template-assisted construction, and post-treatment modification, are highlighted to illustrate the controllable design of functional nanofibers. Furthermore, the applications of electrospun nanofibers in zinc anodes, cathodes, separators, electrolytes, and air electrodes are systematically reviewed. Finally, some key structure-function relationships are summarized to provide some insights into the rational design of advanced electrospun materials for high-performance zinc-based energy-storage systems.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76241"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Storage-Environment-Dependent Surface Evolution and Electrochemical Degradation of High-Nickel NCM Single-Crystal Cathodes. 高镍NCM单晶阴极的表面演化与电化学降解。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76176

Fang Zhang, Xiangyu Chen, Jinquan Bai, Lin Chen, Jitao Yu, Laifa Shen

{"title":"Storage-Environment-Dependent Surface Evolution and Electrochemical Degradation of High-Nickel NCM Single-Crystal Cathodes.","authors":"Fang Zhang, Xiangyu Chen, Jinquan Bai, Lin Chen, Jitao Yu, Laifa Shen","doi":"10.1002/smll.76176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76176","url":null,"abstract":"High-nickel ternary single-crystal cathodes are promising for high-energy-density batteries in low-altitude-economy applications owing to their high specific capacity. However, surface residual lithium formation during storage substantially impairs their electrochemical performance. Herein, we investigate the formation mechanisms of surface residual lithium and the associated storage-induced degradation of three single-crystal compositions-NCM613, NCM8866, and NCM9442-under vacuum, humid air, argon, pure CO2, and ultrapure water. Potentiometric titration, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements were combined to elucidate the effects of storage environment and nickel content. The storage atmosphere plays a decisive role in residual-lithium formation. CO2 and humid air markedly promote Li2CO3 formation, while increasing nickel content leads to higher surface residual lithium levels and more pronounced structural degradation. The accumulation of residual lithium is accompanied by near-surface disorder and local layered-to-rock-salt-like reconstruction, together with changes in the surface oxygen and nickel chemical states. These alterations increase Li+ transport impedance and electrode polarization, causing substantial losses in specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. In contrast, vacuum and inert-gas atmospheres effectively suppress surface degradation and preserve electrochemical performance. These findings provide useful guidance for optimizing the storage and handling protocols of high-nickel single-crystal cathodes.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76176"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergic Magnetic-Dielectric Ni/Co-Anchored Carbon Aerogels From Cellulose Nanofiber Scaffolds for Electromagnetic Shielding, Infrared Stealth, and Secure RFID Technologies. 纤维素纳米纤维支架的协同磁介电镍/共锚定碳气凝胶用于电磁屏蔽、红外隐身和安全RFID技术。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76300

Fan Zhang, Sami Myllymäki, Ossi Laitinen, Chenming Liu, Henrikki Liimatainen

{"title":"Synergic Magnetic-Dielectric Ni/Co-Anchored Carbon Aerogels From Cellulose Nanofiber Scaffolds for Electromagnetic Shielding, Infrared Stealth, and Secure RFID Technologies.","authors":"Fan Zhang, Sami Myllymäki, Ossi Laitinen, Chenming Liu, Henrikki Liimatainen","doi":"10.1002/smll.76300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76300","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for lightweight and sustainable materials capable of managing electromagnetic radiation, thermal signatures, and wireless privacy requires multifunctional architectures. Here, ultralight magnetic-dielectric carbon aerogels are fabricated from TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TO-CNF) networks coordinated with Ni2+ or Co2+ ions. During carbonization, the ions are transformed into uniformly distributed ferromagnetic nanodomains embedded within a partially graphitized carbon framework, generating synergistic dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. The resulting aerogels exhibit absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, with Co-anchored aerogel achieving a total shielding effectiveness of 43.4 dB in the K band at 1.4 mm thickness. The enhanced shielding performance arises from conduction loss, interfacial and dipolar polarization, magnetic loss, and multiple scattering within the porous structure. The aerogels also provide infrared stealth over a substrate-temperature range of 50-90°C, with the surface remaining markedly cooler than the heated substrate. When integrated with an RFID tag in a vertical-insertion and angle-controlled configuration, the aerogel functions as a lossy angular-gating layer that creates an angle-dependent readability window, allowing authorized interrogation while suppressing off-axis tag detection for passive anti-skimming. Overall, this work offers new opportunities for sustainable materials in wearable electronics, smart logistics, secure identification systems, and defense-related applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76300"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA Nanotechnology-Based Robotic Devices for Frontier Applications in Healthcare. 基于DNA纳米技术的机器人设备在医疗保健领域的前沿应用。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76227

Mainak Sarkar, Amit K Yadav, Anirban Das, Japneet Kaur Gandhi, Ankur Singh, Sanjay Kosara, Nihal Singh, Raghu Solanki, Dhiraj Bhatia

{"title":"DNA Nanotechnology-Based Robotic Devices for Frontier Applications in Healthcare.","authors":"Mainak Sarkar, Amit K Yadav, Anirban Das, Japneet Kaur Gandhi, Ankur Singh, Sanjay Kosara, Nihal Singh, Raghu Solanki, Dhiraj Bhatia","doi":"10.1002/smll.76227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76227","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, DNA nanotechnology has enabled the design of diverse programmable nanostructures, accelerating the emergence of DNA nanotechnology-based robotic devices (DNRDs) for advanced healthcare applications. Recent developments in DNA origami, DNA walkers, and molecular logic circuits have enabled dynamic and stimuli-responsive systems capable of functioning as logic-gated nanopills, precision biosensors, and autonomous therapeutic agents. These programmable devices also support cargo sorting, molecular actuation, and externally controlled operations triggered by optical, thermal, pH, enzymatic, or electromagnetic stimuli. Despite these advances, several challenges continue to limit clinical translation, including maintaining structural stability in complex physiological environments, achieving scalable and cost-effective manufacturing, and addressing regulatory and safety considerations, particularly those associated with immunogenicity, toxicity, off-target activity, unintended activation, biodistribution, and long-term biological fate. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the evolution, design principles, and mechanistic foundations of DNRDs, highlight recent technological advances, and critically evaluate their expanding roles in diagnostics, therapeutics, and synthetic biology. We further discuss current translational limitations and emerging strategies required to improve their safety, robustness, scalability, and clinical applicability. Finally, future directions toward the development of increasingly programmable, responsive, and clinically translatable DNRDs are presented.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76227"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Efficiency and Thermal Stability in All-Polymer p-i-n Organic Photovoltaics With Synergistically Designed Second Polymer Acceptor. 用协同设计的第二聚合物受体提高全聚合物p-i-n有机光伏电池的效率和热稳定性。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76323

Tzu-Ching Lu, Bin Chang, Yu-Wei Su, Bing-Huang Jiang, Chi-Hsuan Lee, Chung-Hao Chen, Chih-Ping Chen, Atsushi Yabushita, Chun-Wei Pao, Kung-Hwa Wei

{"title":"Enhanced Efficiency and Thermal Stability in All-Polymer p-i-n Organic Photovoltaics With Synergistically Designed Second Polymer Acceptor.","authors":"Tzu-Ching Lu, Bin Chang, Yu-Wei Su, Bing-Huang Jiang, Chi-Hsuan Lee, Chung-Hao Chen, Chih-Ping Chen, Atsushi Yabushita, Chun-Wei Pao, Kung-Hwa Wei","doi":"10.1002/smll.76323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76323","url":null,"abstract":"A small amount of a synergistically designed and selenophene-substituted second polymer acceptor, PYISe-BO-OD, was incorporated into the PYIT-OD acceptor layer for enhancing interfacial interactions with the PM6 donor layer, resulting in high-performance and superior thermal stability in all-polymer p-i-n organic photovoltaics. The PM6/PYIT-OD:PYISe-BO-OD (wt. 1:0.1) device displayed a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 19.1% and a superior T80 (time for PCE = 0.8 PCEonset value at 80°C) value of 3415 h, greatly surpassing the PM6/PYIT-OD device with PCE and T80 values of 16.3% and 937 h, respectively. The PCE and thermal stability improvements resulted from PYISe-BO-OD's optimized intermolecular interactions with both PM6 and PYIT-OD (binding energy value -2.73 and -2.71 eV by density functional theory; Flory-Huggins interaction parameter values of 0.014 and 0.652) that expanded the interfacial i-region, inducing more efficient charge separation and prolonged carrier lifetime. The grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering results revealed the crystalline coherence length values remained after 2050 h because of the stabilized morphology owing to strong intermolecular interactions of PYISe-BO-OD with PM6 and PYIT-OD. The strategy of incorporating synergistical second polymer acceptor for enhancing both the efficiency and thermal stability of the devices lays the foundation for the realization of p-i-n organic photovoltaic devices.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76323"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optoelectronic-Driven Multi-Functional MoS₂:PVA Flexible Memristor for In-Sensor Neuromorphic Computing. 用于传感器内神经形态计算的光电驱动多功能MoS2:PVA柔性忆阻器。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76190

Harsh Ranjan, Parthasarathi Pal, Gulshan Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Saurabh Kumar Pandey

{"title":"Optoelectronic-Driven Multi-Functional MoS2:PVA Flexible Memristor for In-Sensor Neuromorphic Computing.","authors":"Harsh Ranjan, Parthasarathi Pal, Gulshan Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Saurabh Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.1002/smll.76190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76190","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a multifunctional Ag/MoS2:PVA/SnO2/Pt memristive device that demonstrates resistive memory, synaptic learning, and optical information processing. The device exhibited stable bipolar resistive switching with low operating voltages with SET and RESET at <math><mo>∼</mo></math> 0.57/-0.86 V, respectively, an ON/OFF ratio of <math><mo>∼</mo></math> 400 at 0.2 V, endurance around <math><msup><mn>10</mn> <mn>4</mn></msup> </math> cycles, and retention stability over <math><msup><mn>10</mn> <mn>4</mn></msup> </math> s with resistance separation greater than <math><msup><mn>10</mn> <mn>3</mn></msup> </math> . The device also maintained reliable operation under repeated bending and different bending radii, confirming excellent mechanical flexibility. Gradual conductance modulation enabled repeatable potentiation and depression behavior for neuromorphic functionality. Under optical stimulation, wavelength- and intensity-dependent conduction evolution was observed and followed an exponential learning model, enabling optical memory characteristics. Furthermore, image memorization and traffic signal recognition were demonstrated using experimentally extracted conductance reconstruction. A comprehensive conduction switching model based on ion migration, conductive pathway modulation, and photo-induced carrier modulation is proposed to explain the multifunctional response. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed platform for artificial vision and in-sensor neuromorphic computing.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76190"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct Nanohoop Structures and Ratiometric Emissions of Isomeric DPAC-Based Macrocycles Tuned by Nano-Twisting of Stiff-Stilbene Optical-Switches. 刚性二苯乙烯光开关纳米扭转调谐的基于dpac的异构大环的不同纳米环结构和比值发射。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76100

Nguyen Thanh Trung, Shao-Chen Lu, Po-Jung Tseng, Tu Thi Kim Cuc, Chun-Wei Huang, Jeng-Kuei Chang, Said Jalife, Judy I Wu, Simona Steponkiene, Vitalijus Karabanovas, Tung-Kung Wu, Hong-Cheu Lin

{"title":"Distinct Nanohoop Structures and Ratiometric Emissions of Isomeric DPAC-Based Macrocycles Tuned by Nano-Twisting of Stiff-Stilbene Optical-Switches.","authors":"Nguyen Thanh Trung, Shao-Chen Lu, Po-Jung Tseng, Tu Thi Kim Cuc, Chun-Wei Huang, Jeng-Kuei Chang, Said Jalife, Judy I Wu, Simona Steponkiene, Vitalijus Karabanovas, Tung-Kung Wu, Hong-Cheu Lin","doi":"10.1002/smll.76100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76100","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the manipulations of light on distinct vibration-induced emission (VIE) behaviors, the classic VIE-fluorophore 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC) was integrated with an optical switchable stiff-stilbene moiety into the first molecular design of various sized nanohoop structures (i.e., RnD, where n = 4 and 6 with different cavities). The goal is to exploit tunable nano-twisted structures of novel geometric macrocycle isomers, controlled by cis/trans isomerizations of stiff-stilbene units under 320/385 nm light irradiations, to modulate corresponding bent and planar configurational structures of DPAC moieties and adjust their ratiometric (photoluminescence) PL emissions. Light-controllable cis/trans isomerizations of different sized nanohoop structures resulted in distinct emission changes due to adaptable structural constraints, facilitating alterations of PL emission colors with significant Stokes shifts. The emission spectra spanned from cyan/white/orange-light emissions, triggered by cis/trans isomerizations of stiff-stilbene units upon respective light exposures of 320/385 nm. Additionally, external factors such as solvent polarities, viscosities, temperatures, and water contents could further regulate ratiometric emission features of DPAC-based geometric macrocycle isomers, demonstrating high sensitivities toward various environmental changes. This study highlighted the potentials for developing multi-color emissive smart materials by utilizing nano-twisting of DPAC-based nanohoop structures tuned by optical switchable moieties, opening new avenues for innovative applications in stimuli-responsive materials.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76100"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flower‐Inspired Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays With Suppressed Crosstalk and Enhanced Sensitivity for Stable Tactile Perception 具有抑制串扰和增强灵敏度的花启发柔性压力传感器阵列，用于稳定的触觉感知

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76229

Zhilai Lu, Peng Liao, Yanling Tian

{"title":"Flower‐Inspired Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays With Suppressed Crosstalk and Enhanced Sensitivity for Stable Tactile Perception","authors":"Zhilai Lu, Peng Liao, Yanling Tian","doi":"10.1002/smll.76229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76229","url":null,"abstract":"High‐performance flexible pressure sensor arrays are essential for precise monitoring under complex dynamic conditions. However, the inherent trade‐off between sensitivity and crosstalk suppression, coupled with inadequate device consistency, continues to hinder their practical deployment. Inspired by flower morphology, this work presents an integrated four‐unit circular flexible pressure sensor array (CFPSA). The shared conductive layer design substantially enhances inter‐unit consistency and structural stability, while the circular geometry confers distinct advantages in circumferential pressure detection. To reconcile high sensitivity with low crosstalk, the shared conductive layer incorporates a carbon‐based composite with hemispherical microstructures, and a spacer layer is introduced between the electrodes and the conductive layer. Through the synergistic mechanisms of mechanical isolation—whereby the spacer layer suppresses lateral strain transfer—and the tunneling effect within the compressed conductive layer, the CFPSA achieves a mechanical crosstalk as low as −41.14 dB, alongside a sensitivity of 485.5 kPa − 1 , excellent linearity ( R 2 = 0.993), and robust cyclic stability (10 000 cycles) over a broad pressure range of 500 kPa. An extended eight‐unit array (8‐CFPSA) further demonstrates high sensitivity (404.9 kPa − 1 ) and low crosstalk (−38.1 dB), highlighting the scalability of this design. These arrays hold considerable promise for wearable motion monitoring, healthcare, and related applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress and Perspectives on Confinement Engineering to Revive Alloying‐Type Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries 钠离子电池合金型负极材料再生约束工程研究进展与展望

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76046

Runqiu Liu, Zhifan Song, Xi Wang, Jiangyan Wang, Jingsong Wang, Dan Wang, Ranbo Yu

{"title":"Progress and Perspectives on Confinement Engineering to Revive Alloying‐Type Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries","authors":"Runqiu Liu, Zhifan Song, Xi Wang, Jiangyan Wang, Jingsong Wang, Dan Wang, Ranbo Yu","doi":"10.1002/smll.76046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76046","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), alloying‐type anodes offer high specific capacities and suitable operating potentials through multi‐electron reactions, positioning them as key to enhancing the energy density of SIBs. However, their serious volume expansion leads to electrode pulverization and repeated rupture of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, severely compromising the cycle life. Confinement engineering has recently emerged as a powerful strategy for addressing the intrinsic limitations of alloying‐type anodes. Nevertheless, systematic classification and in‐depth mechanism clarification of diverse confinement strategies remain lacking. To fill this gap, this review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles, structural motifs, and design strategies of confinement engineering. Different from previous material‐oriented reviews, this work categorizes confinement engineering into self‐confinement and extrinsic confinement, and profoundly clarifies the structure‐regulation mechanism at the micro/nano scale, emphasizing the critical role of confinement engineering in mitigating volume expansion, stabilizing SEI films, and enhancing reaction kinetics. Key advances in alloying‐type anode development are highlighted, alongside a critical assessment of the persisting challenges. Finally, future directions are outlined to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for accelerating the commercialization of alloying‐type anode materials for high‐energy‐density and long‐cycle‐life SIBs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low‐Energy Vertical Organic Synaptic Transistors Enabled by Siloxane Crosslinking‐Induced Edge‐On Molecular Ordering 低能量垂直有机突触晶体管由硅氧烷交联诱导的边导分子有序实现

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76273

Jiale Huang, Linfeng Lan, Yutian Liu, Bo Huang, Ruibin Liang, Shuguang Zhang, Junbiao Peng

{"title":"Low‐Energy Vertical Organic Synaptic Transistors Enabled by Siloxane Crosslinking‐Induced Edge‐On Molecular Ordering","authors":"Jiale Huang, Linfeng Lan, Yutian Liu, Bo Huang, Ruibin Liang, Shuguang Zhang, Junbiao Peng","doi":"10.1002/smll.76273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76273","url":null,"abstract":"The von Neumann bottleneck has driven the development of low‐power neuromorphic devices such as vertical organic synaptic transistors (VOSTs), which offer ultrashort charge transport pathways and high integration density. However, their performance is still limited by poor molecular ordering and the difficulty in achieving effective gate‐controlled modulation. Here, a siloxane crosslinking strategy is proposed by incorporating 1,6‐bis(trichlorosilyl)hexane (C6Si) into poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to form a dense cross‐linked network, enabling improved molecular ordering, backbone planarity, and interfacial stability. As a result, a pronounced edge‐on molecular orientation of 93.00% was achieved, establishing efficient vertical charge transport pathways. The ion gel‐gated VOSTs exhibited excellent electrical performance at an ultralow operation voltage (−0.5 V), including high on/off current ratio ( I on / I off ) (9.48 × 10 4 ), low subthreshold swing ( SS ) (111 mV dec −1 ), and the minimum synaptic‐event energy consumption at low level (∼50 aJ), along with rich synaptic plasticity. Ex‐situ neural network simulations demonstrate over 91% accuracy in MNIST handwritten digit recognition. Meanwhile, the device arrays enable high‐contrast image reconstruction and visual memory functions, providing an effective molecular design strategy for the development of low‐cost, scalable neuromorphic computing devices.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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