Small最新文献 - Book学术

A Supramolecular–Quantum Dot System for Broad-Spectrum Detection of Fentanyl Analogs

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407702

Yanjing Gao, Farbod Shirinichi, Audrey Hansrisuk, Runyao Zhu, Sijie Xian, Marya Lieberman, Matthew J. Webber, Yichun Wang

{"title":"A Supramolecular–Quantum Dot System for Broad-Spectrum Detection of Fentanyl Analogs","authors":"Yanjing Gao, Farbod Shirinichi, Audrey Hansrisuk, Runyao Zhu, Sijie Xian, Marya Lieberman, Matthew J. Webber, Yichun Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202407702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407702","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic opioids, especially fentanyl and its analogs, have created an epidemic of abuse and significantly increased overdose deaths in the United States. Current detection methods have drawbacks in their sensitivity, scalability, and portability that limit field-based application to promote public health and safety. The need to detect trace amounts of fentanyl in complex mixtures with other drugs or interferents, and the continued emergence of new fentanyl analogs, further complicates detection. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop convenient, rapid, and reliable sensors for fentanyl detection. In this study, a sensor is prepared based on competitive displacement of a fluorescent dye from the cavity of a supramolecular macrocycle, with subsequent fluorescence quenching from graphene quantum dots. This approach can detect and quantify small quantities of fentanyl along with 58 fentanyl analogs, including highly potent variants like carfentanil that are of increasing concern. Detection of these agents is possible even at 0.01 mol% in the presence of common interferents. This simple, rapid, reliable, sensitive, and cost-effective approach couples supramolecular capture with graphene quantum dot nanomaterial quenchers to create a tool with the potential to advance public health and safety in the context of field-based detection of drugs in the fentanyl class.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organogel Polymer Electrocatalysts for Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410371

Lili Li, Binbin Wang, Hongni Chen, Han Wu, Yali Xing, Yanzhi Xia, Xiaojing Long

{"title":"Organogel Polymer Electrocatalysts for Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction","authors":"Lili Li, Binbin Wang, Hongni Chen, Han Wu, Yali Xing, Yanzhi Xia, Xiaojing Long","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410371","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer gels, renowned for unparalleled chemical stability and self-sustaining properties, have garnered significant attention in electrocatalysis. Notably, organic polymer gels that exhibit temperature sensitivity and incorporate suitable polar nonvolatile liquids, enhance electronic conductivity, and impart distinct morphological features, but remain largely unexplored as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To address this issue, an innovative strategy is proposed for synergistic modulation of the rigidity of mainchain molecular skeleton and length of alkyl sidechains, enabling the development of organogel polymers with a sol–gel temperature-sensitive phase transition that promises high selectivity and enhanced activity in electrocatalytic processes. Notably, the shortening of alkyl sidechain length can significantly affect the gelation behavior and internal microstructure of the catalyst, which modifies the electron state, ultimately impacting the catalytic activity of the gel polymer catalysts. In particular, phenyl-containing Ph-FL1 with short alkyl sidechains demonstrates outstanding 2e− ORR activity in alkaline medium, achieving a remarkable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) selectivity of 98.6% with an impressive yield of 4.08 mol g−1 h−1. This performance surpasses most metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts. Through theoretical calculation, the carbon atom (site-3) of C═N group is identified as potential active sites, representing a significant advancement toward designing cost-effective and efficient ORR electrocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-Time Detection of Dynamic Restructuring in KNixFe1-xF3 Perovskite Fluorides for Enhanced Water Oxidation

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202411017

Xiangrong Ren, Yiyue Zhai, Tao Gan, Na Yang, Bolun Wang, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu

{"title":"Real-Time Detection of Dynamic Restructuring in KNixFe1-xF3 Perovskite Fluorides for Enhanced Water Oxidation","authors":"Xiangrong Ren, Yiyue Zhai, Tao Gan, Na Yang, Bolun Wang, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202411017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411017","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanistic understanding of how electrode–electrolyte interfaces evolve dynamically is crucial for advancing water-electrolysis technology, especially the restructuring of catalyst surface during complex electrocatalytic reactions. However, for perovskite fluorides, the mechanistic exploration for the influence of the dynamic restructuring on their chemical property and catalytic mechanism is unclear due to their poor conductivity that makes the definition of electrocatalyst structure difficult. Herein, for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), various operando characterizations are employed to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the KNixFe1-xF3@NF. Adding iron to the KNixFe1-xF3 structure increases metal vacancies, enhancing electrochemical reconstruction. For reconstructed KNixFe1-xF3 structure, the results from operando Raman, operando X-ray diffraction, operando UV–vis spectroscopy, and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry reveal that the surface Ni sites act as catalytic centers within the amorphous Ni(Fe)OOH active layer, and the incorporation of Fe activates oxidized oxygen ions during water oxidation. Theoretical calculations support this by demonstrating the optimized adsorption-free energy of oxygenated intermediates. Consequently, the KNi0.5Fe0.5F3@NF achieves an overpotential of 281 mV to reach OER current of 150 mA·cm−2 and maintains stable operation for 200 h. These results highlight a promising pathway to tuning OER mechanisms in perovskite fluorides and offer a new perspective for developing high-efficiency and durable OER catalysts.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tough and Functional Hydrogel Coating by Electrostatic Spraying

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202408780

Lei Wang, Yaoting Xue, Siyang Li, Xiaochen Zhang, Zhikun Miao, Zehao Zeng, Dongrui Ruan, Yifeng Shen, Hui Yuan, Yukai Zhao, Dong Li, Zisheng Luo, Tuck-Whye Wong, Tiefeng Li, Li Li, Xuxu Yang, Wei Yang

{"title":"Tough and Functional Hydrogel Coating by Electrostatic Spraying","authors":"Lei Wang, Yaoting Xue, Siyang Li, Xiaochen Zhang, Zhikun Miao, Zehao Zeng, Dongrui Ruan, Yifeng Shen, Hui Yuan, Yukai Zhao, Dong Li, Zisheng Luo, Tuck-Whye Wong, Tiefeng Li, Li Li, Xuxu Yang, Wei Yang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202408780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408780","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogel coatings impart superior surface properties to materials, but their application on large and complicated substrates is hindered by two challenges: limited wetting conditions and intricate curing processes. To overcome the challenges, lyophilized adhesive hydrogel powders (LAHPs) are developed, which consist of poly(acrylic acid-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) crosslinked with chitosan. These powders are electrostatic sprayed onto substrates to address wetting issues and rehydrated to form bulk hydrogel coatings to circumvent curing challenges. This approach enables the application of hydrogel coatings with a smooth surface and adjustable thickness on various materials, irrespective of category, geometry, or size. The coatings exhibit remarkable mechanical properties (strength of 2.62 MPa, elastic modulus of 6.84 MPa, and stretchability exceeding 3 folds) and robust adhesion (adhesion energy ≈900 J m−2) through a three-step bonding process involving electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and covalent bonding. Notably, these coatings confer multiple functional attributes to the substrate, including lubricity, hydrophilicity, nucleation inhibition, and pH-responsive actuation. Moreover, incorporating LAHPs with functional agents or rehydrating with functional solutions opens possibilities for diverse functional hydrogel coatings, such as thermal responsiveness and NH3 indication. Leveraging the virtues of simplicity, flexibility, convenience, and broad applicability, this strategy presents an enticing pathway for the widespread applications of hydrogel coatings.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting Photovoltaic Efficiency: The Role of Functional Group Distribution in Perovskite Film Passivation

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410481

Qingquan He, Shicheng Pan, Tao Zhang, Xiuyuan Chen, An Chen, Gang Xu, Kun Zhou, Jing Li, Hongwei Zhu, Osman M. Bakr, Jun Pan

{"title":"Boosting Photovoltaic Efficiency: The Role of Functional Group Distribution in Perovskite Film Passivation","authors":"Qingquan He, Shicheng Pan, Tao Zhang, Xiuyuan Chen, An Chen, Gang Xu, Kun Zhou, Jing Li, Hongwei Zhu, Osman M. Bakr, Jun Pan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410481","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of small organic molecules with appropriate functional groups and geometric configurations for surface passivation is essential for achieving efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, two isomers, 4-sulfonamidobenzoic acid (4-SA) and 3-sulfamobenzoic acid (3-SA), both featuring sulfanilamide and carboxyl functional groups arranged in different positions, are evaluated for their effectiveness in passivating defects of the perovskite layer. The calculation and characterization results reveal that 3-SA, with its meta-substitution, offered superior passivation compared to the para-substituted 4-SA, leading to enhanced charge carrier dynamics and extraction efficiency. The devices treated with 3-SA demonstrates a notable increase in power conversion efficiency from 21.50% to 23.30%. Moreover, these devices maintain over 90% of their initial efficiency after 2000 h in a 30% relative humidity environment, showcasing exceptional long-term stability. This research advances strategic design approaches for small molecule passivation, providing critical insights for the enhancement of perovskite optoelectronic applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interfacial Field-Effect Enabling High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410310

Xiao-Ying He, Kai-Li Wang, Jing Chen, Chun-Hao Chen, Yu Xia, Lei Huang, Run-Jun Jin, Namatullah Nizamani, Zhenhuang Su, Xingyu Gao, Zhao-Kui Wang

{"title":"Interfacial Field-Effect Enabling High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics","authors":"Xiao-Ying He, Kai-Li Wang, Jing Chen, Chun-Hao Chen, Yu Xia, Lei Huang, Run-Jun Jin, Namatullah Nizamani, Zhenhuang Su, Xingyu Gao, Zhao-Kui Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410310","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still limited by reduced open-circuit voltage (VOC), due to defect-induced charge recombination. Most studies focus on defect passivation and improving carrier transport through introducing passivating molecules or macroscopic physical fields. Herein, to mitigate energy level mismatch and recombination losses induced by interface defects, an interface electric-field passivation is introduced, employing the ordered arrangement of the dipole molecule benzenesulfonyl chloride (BC). An enhanced VOC is achieved without the introduction of an external physical field, owing to the interfacial dipole field effect and chemical passivation by BC. Subsequently, an inverted device with a PCE of 25.41% is obtained, alongside exceptional stability, retaining 95% of the initial efficiency after 1157 h. This work demonstrates the effective dipole-induced interfacial field-effect passivation in inverted PSCs and contributes to further advancements in the efficiency and stability of inverted devices.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Raman Imaging of Targeted Drug Delivery with DNA-Based Nano-Optical Devices

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402631

Swati Tanwar, Siddhi Date, Linika Goel, Lintong Wu, Arnab Chatterjee, Ishan Barman

{"title":"Raman Imaging of Targeted Drug Delivery with DNA-Based Nano-Optical Devices","authors":"Swati Tanwar, Siddhi Date, Linika Goel, Lintong Wu, Arnab Chatterjee, Ishan Barman","doi":"10.1002/smll.202402631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202402631","url":null,"abstract":"Raman spectroscopy (RS) has emerged as a novel optical imaging modality by identifying molecular species through their bond vibrations, offering high specificity and sensitivity in molecule detection. However, its application in intracellular molecular probing has been limited due to challenges in combining vibrational tags with functional probes. DNA nanostructures, known for their high programmability, have been instrumental in fields like biomedicine and nanofabrication. So far, their ability to customize Raman signals remains largely untapped. In this study, a new class of Raman active DNA origami-based hybrid nanodevice (ND) for targeted cancer cell drug delivery and imaging is engineered. The ND is specifically engineered for metastatic prostate cancer treatment, featuring a legumain enzyme-responsive sequence for the controlled release of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Integrating RS with precise targeting, the ND enables imaging of aggressive cancer cells and efficient drug delivery with minimal off-target effects. The developed device offers stimuli-responsive behavior, enhanced stability, exceptional tunability, and potent targeting abilities, positioning it as a highly promising strategy for advancing precision cancer imaging and therapy.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Localized Morphological Modulation of Ultrathin Magnetic Nanosheets via a Strategically Designed Reduction Approach

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202409657

Xianyuan Liu, Xianghua Wang, Xianyong Lu, Lei Jiang

{"title":"Localized Morphological Modulation of Ultrathin Magnetic Nanosheets via a Strategically Designed Reduction Approach","authors":"Xianyuan Liu, Xianghua Wang, Xianyong Lu, Lei Jiang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202409657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202409657","url":null,"abstract":"2D inorganic nanomaterials have attracted considerable research interest owing to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Nonetheless, achieving precise control over the morphology of 2D nanomaterials presents a significant challenge, primarily due to their elevated surface energy and the stringent requirements for growth control. In this study, a designed reduction technique is employed to finely tune the morphology of 2D nanosheets, with iron salts serving as morphology-directing agents. Al-doped α-Fe2O3 nanosheets are synthesized through a solvothermal process and subsequently reduced to Al-doped Fe3O4 nanosheets, characterized by distinctive sawtooth-like edges. The incorporation of iron salts facilitates atomic rearrangement within the iron oxide lattice, wherein rapid atomic migration induces defects along the crystal facets, resulting in unique morphologies. Furthermore, the doping of aluminum elements and the resultant Fe3O4 significantly enhance the electromagnetic properties of the nanosheets, yielding exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Notably, a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −66.1 dB is achieved at a thickness of 4.0 mm, with an effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) extending up to 3.9 GHz. This controlled reduction strategy presents a promising pathway for tailoring the morphology of 2D nanomaterials and optimizing their performance in electromagnetic wave absorption applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Activatable Molecular Probes With Clinical Promise for NIR-II Fluorescent Imaging

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202411787

Zikang Chen, Yongjie Zhou, Li Li, Wen Ma, Yuzhen Li, Zhen Yang

{"title":"Activatable Molecular Probes With Clinical Promise for NIR-II Fluorescent Imaging","authors":"Zikang Chen, Yongjie Zhou, Li Li, Wen Ma, Yuzhen Li, Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202411787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411787","url":null,"abstract":"The second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging has been widely adopted in basic scientific research and preclinical applications due to its exceptional spatiotemporal resolution and deep tissue penetration. Among the various fluorescent agents, organic small-molecule fluorophores are considered the most promising candidates for clinical translation, owing to their well-defined chemical structures, tunable optical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. However, many currently available NIR-II fluorophores exhibit an “always-on” fluorescence signal, which leads to background noise and compromises diagnostic accuracy during disease detection. Developing NIR-II activatable organic small-molecule fluorescent probes (AOSFPs) for accurately reporting pathological changes is key to advancing NIR-II fluorescence imaging toward clinical application. This review summarizes the rational design strategies for NIR-II AOSFPs based on four core structures (cyanine, hemicyanine, xanthene, and BODIPY). These NIR-II AOSFPs hold substantial potential for clinical translation. Furthermore, the recent advances in NIR-II AOSFPs for NIR-II bioimaging are comprehensively reviewed, offering clear guidance and direction for their further development. Finally, the prospective efforts to advance NIR-II AOSFPs for clinical applications are outlined.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aloe Leaves-Inspired Multi-Stimuli Bidirectional Bending Self-Sensing Actuator for Smart Solar Panel

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410244

Kai Yan, Yuhao Tang, Yan Zong, Qunna Xu, Xiaodan Sun

{"title":"Aloe Leaves-Inspired Multi-Stimuli Bidirectional Bending Self-Sensing Actuator for Smart Solar Panel","authors":"Kai Yan, Yuhao Tang, Yan Zong, Qunna Xu, Xiaodan Sun","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410244","url":null,"abstract":"Soft actuators with multi-stimuli response have shown promising applications in soft intelligent robots. However, most soft actuators are limited by the unidirectional actuation and self-perception capabilities. Here, a bilayer self-sensing actuator with bidirectional actuation is proposed, which showed exceptional bidirectional actuation, self-sensing of temperature and moisture, and smart solar panel. The actuator layer consisted of the powerful hygroscopic sensitivity of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS), and the conductive carbon black (CB). The structural layer is hydrophobic polyurea (PUU). The bilayer self-sensing actuator is bent to one side under NIR or temperature stimulation (curvature reaches 3.8 cm−1) and bent to opposite side with moisture stimulation (curvature reaches −4.6 cm−1). Moreover, various bionic robots, weightlifting, and selective grasping robots are demonstrated. Simultaneously, owing to CB gradient, the bilayer sensing actuators can detect movement in different bending directions with a fast response speed (82 ms). In addition, when moisture increased, the smart solar panel bent to downward and cleaned the debris. Upon the sunshine, the smart solar panel faced to sun and maximized power output. More interestingly, the smart solar panel can monitor its bending degree and orientation. The proposed bilayer self-sensing actuator paved the way for advancements in artificial intelligence robots.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0