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Highly Aligned Porous Nanocomposite Aerogels with Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity for Sub‐Ambient and Above‐Ambient Radiative Cooling

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202503789

Fankun Xu, Tianyi Zhu, Yufeng Wang, Baiyu Ji, Yongxu Zhao, Yue‐E Miao, Chao Zhang

{"title":"Highly Aligned Porous Nanocomposite Aerogels with Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity for Sub‐Ambient and Above‐Ambient Radiative Cooling","authors":"Fankun Xu, Tianyi Zhu, Yufeng Wang, Baiyu Ji, Yongxu Zhao, Yue‐E Miao, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202503789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503789","url":null,"abstract":"Scalable and cost‐efficient porous structural materials, characterized by their thermal insulation and solar scattering properties, hold significant promise as radiative cooling solutions for zero‐energy thermal regulation of objects subjected to sunlight and high temperatures. However, the intrinsic thermal insulation restricts their capacity to effectively dissipate excess internal heat, thereby limiting their applicability in cooling scenarios within above‐ambient enclosed environments. Herein, a directional freeze‐casting strategy is presented for preparing a highly aligned porous nanocomposite aerogel. This aerogel demonstrates a thermal anisotropy factor of 3.48, indicating a markedly enhanced thermal conductivity in the axial direction ascribing to the dual orientation of the aligned skeletal walls and the space‐confined arrangement of thermally conductive nanosheets. This aerogel also demonstrates a high solar reflectance of 95.3% in the axial direction facilitated by the design of hierarchical pore structures and the backscattering properties of the embedded 2D nanosheets. Consequently, this aerogel functions effectively as a multi‐scenario radiative cooler, achieving temperature reductions of 3.3 and 15.9 °C for cooling sub‐ambient and above‐ambient enclosed environments exposed to sunlight and high temperatures. This study significantly expands the applicability of porous structural materials in multi‐scenario radiative cooling, addressing the limitations of conventional porous materials in cooling heat‐generating enclosed environments.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Progress of Molecular Design in Organic Type I Photosensitizers

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501911

Tao Xiong, Yingchao Chen, Mingle Li, Xiaoqiang Chen, Xiaojun Peng

{"title":"Recent Progress of Molecular Design in Organic Type I Photosensitizers","authors":"Tao Xiong, Yingchao Chen, Mingle Li, Xiaoqiang Chen, Xiaojun Peng","doi":"10.1002/smll.202501911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501911","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a high‐efficient and non‐invasive therapeutic modality for current and future tumor treatments, drawing extensive attention in the fields of antitumor drug and clinical phototherapy. In recent years, the photosensitizer (PS) market and PDT clinical applications have expanded to address various cancers and skin diseases. However, hypoxic environment within tumors poses a substantial challenge to the therapeutic capability of reactive oxygen species‐dependent PDT. Consequently, researches have increasingly focus from the type II to type I PDT mechanism, which relies on radical production with less or no oxygen dependence. Despite significant progress in the development of type I PSs, a holistic understanding regarding the design principles for these molecules remains elusive. Specifically, electron transfer‐mediated type I PDT are extensively studied in recent years but is insufficiently addressed in existing reviews. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in the molecular design rationales of organic type I PSs, categorizing them into three key fundamental strategies: modulating PS charge distribution, singlet oxygen forbidden via low triplet excited state, and accelerating PS radical formation via inducing electron transfer. This review aims to offer valuable insights for the future type I PS design and the advancement of anti‐hypoxia PDT.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosted Nanocrystalline Magnetic Softness via Atomic Immiscibility Induced Chemical Heterogeneity

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501547

Kebing Wang, Guang Liu, Jianhu Gong, Lingfeng Wang, Qiming Chen, Xinyang Zhang, Zhengming Zhang, Mi Yan, Chen Wu

{"title":"Boosted Nanocrystalline Magnetic Softness via Atomic Immiscibility Induced Chemical Heterogeneity","authors":"Kebing Wang, Guang Liu, Jianhu Gong, Lingfeng Wang, Qiming Chen, Xinyang Zhang, Zhengming Zhang, Mi Yan, Chen Wu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202501547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501547","url":null,"abstract":"Soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys are technically crucial in power electronics, whereas confront the traded‐off between high saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) and low coercivity (Hc) due to the incorporation of non‐magnetic elements or harsh crystallization process. To tackle this challenge, deep supercooling solidification and strong immiscibility system are employed to prepare Fe86Si1.3B9C2Cu1.7 nanocrystalline alloy with superior magnetic softness. Benefitting from synergistically enhanced glass‐forming ability (GFA) and atomic immiscibility, grain nucleation is thermodynamically promoted with the formation of dense Cu‐rich clusters and Fe‐rich regions. Such localized chemical heterogeneity induces significant elemental gradients between the amorphous matrix and growing grains, resulting in enhanced competitive growth and decreased grain size. Dynamic magnetization and micromagnetic simulations reveal that the dense and fine nanocrystalline microstructure contributes to smooth domain motion as well as reduced magnetic anisotropy energy and exchange energy, giving rise to exceptional magnetic properties (Bs = 1.90 T, Hc = 4.0 A m−1). As such, this study not only unveils chemical heterogeneity to enhance soft magnetic properties of nanocrystalline alloys but also provides a novel strategy for tailoring the microstructure of amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys to improve electrical, mechanical, and catalytic properties.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"520 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black Phosphorene with Removable Surface Protective Passivation via Covalent Functionalization and Chelation‐based Shield

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500827

Tingxu Guo, Yawen Huang, Ruohong Yu, Shaojian Lin, Ruiqi Huang, Patrick Theato, Jiaojiao Shang

引用次数: 0

Understanding Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds Through Keto‐Enol Tautomerization

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202504104

Jingtai Li, Carsten Schröder, Marvin Schmidt, Jan Smyczek, Swetlana Schauermann, Wei Liu

引用次数: 0

In Situ Preparation of Ultra‐Thin and High‐Entropy FeCoNiMnMo Nanosheet Arrays to Achieve Efficient Water/Seawater Oxidation at Large Current Density

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500518

Ruotong Liu, Qin Yang, Yu Pang, Hongdong Li, Yanru Liu, Weizhou Wang, Zuochao Wang, Rui Chang, Xiaofeng Tian, Jianping Lai, Lei Wang

{"title":"In Situ Preparation of Ultra‐Thin and High‐Entropy FeCoNiMnMo Nanosheet Arrays to Achieve Efficient Water/Seawater Oxidation at Large Current Density","authors":"Ruotong Liu, Qin Yang, Yu Pang, Hongdong Li, Yanru Liu, Weizhou Wang, Zuochao Wang, Rui Chang, Xiaofeng Tian, Jianping Lai, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500518","url":null,"abstract":"High entropy hydroxide is a promising catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its high entropy effect as well as unique structure. Whereas high preparation costs and the problem of competing chlorine evolution reaction in seawater electrolysis pose challenges for industrial applications. Herein, high‐entropy FeCoNiMnMo‐OH nanosheets are prepared on nickel foam substrate via a facile one‐step room‐temperature corrosion engineering strategy. The unique morphology can effectively increase the active sites and enrich OH− in the cavity composed of the nanosheets, which significantly increases the local alkalinity and accelerates the actual reaction rate, combined with the inherent synergistic effect of multiple elements and structural stability of high‐entropy system. These combined advantages enable exceptional OER performance in both alkaline electrolyte (247 mV at 100 mA cm−2) and alkaline seawater (287 mV at 100 mA cm−2). Furthermore, it also shows excellent long‐term stability (stable OER activity at 100/500 mA cm−2 for 100 h) across different media, demonstrating remarkable durability and chloride corrosion. This study establishes a material design paradigm for developing cost‐effective, high‐performance multi‐metallic hydroxides through corrosion engineering, providing new insights into overcoming the activity‐stability‐cost trilemma in seawater electrolysis systems.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Induction of Conversion−Based Anode Degradation by Valence State and Mechanical Cracks

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502795

Shuaitong Liang, Shuoshuo Liu, Junping Miao, Yuenan Li, Songya Zhao, Zihan Xue, Yuman Zhou, Kun Qi, Weili Shao, Jianxin He, Zhiwei Xu

{"title":"Dynamic Induction of Conversion−Based Anode Degradation by Valence State and Mechanical Cracks","authors":"Shuaitong Liang, Shuoshuo Liu, Junping Miao, Yuenan Li, Songya Zhao, Zihan Xue, Yuman Zhou, Kun Qi, Weili Shao, Jianxin He, Zhiwei Xu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502795","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical energy storage through conversion reactions in crystalline electrode materials primarily depends on the size of guest ions. In this study, a combination of synchrotron−based transmission X−ray microscopy and X−ray absorption near edge spectroscopy is utilized to reveal the dynamic physicochemical changes in the micro−regions of spherical NiS2 active particles during the potassiation/depotassiation process. The findings show that, as the degree of potassiation increases, visible cracks and voids form within the bulk material, with significant differences in the chemical valence states of metal elements between the inner and outer regions. Furthermore, the voids induce the formation of new cracks, which propagate extensively into the bulk, serving as the root cause of electrode particle failure. Based on these observations, it is also demonstrated that this failure phenomenon in active materials can be mitigated through dimensional engineering strategies, paving the way for the development of high−capacity and highly stable potassium−ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting Melatonin to Mitochondria Mitigates Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer by Inducing Pyroptosis

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202408996

Xiaohui Chen, Mairehaba Kadier, Mengting Shi, Kefeng Li, Hongtao Chen, Yongzhen Xia, Qiaohua Wang, Rongna Li, Yili Long, Jingbo Qin, Hao Wang, Guanmin Jiang

{"title":"Targeting Melatonin to Mitochondria Mitigates Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer by Inducing Pyroptosis","authors":"Xiaohui Chen, Mairehaba Kadier, Mengting Shi, Kefeng Li, Hongtao Chen, Yongzhen Xia, Qiaohua Wang, Rongna Li, Yili Long, Jingbo Qin, Hao Wang, Guanmin Jiang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202408996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408996","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer frequently progresses to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following androgen deprivation therapy, presenting a significant clinical challenge. Targeting tumor metabolism, particularly mitochondrial pathways, offers a promising strategy for overcoming CRPC. The modification of melatonin (Mel) to a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation‐targeted mitochondria–melatonin (Mito–Mel) significantly increases its potency by over 1000‐fold. Mito–Mel selectively targets mitochondria, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and causing mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. This leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which, in turn, suppresses CRPC survival metabolic adaptations, such as glycolysis. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal for the first time that natural small molecule compound with mitochondrial targeting via TPP exhibits excellent anticancer efficacy by inducing tumor cellular pyroptosis and facilitating the immune response, underlining the encouraging promise of this strategy for the effective treatment of CRPC.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Healing Mechanism of Nanopores in Ice Films

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502245

Pengfei Nan, Kang Wu, Qizhu Li, Yangrui Liu, Hongzheng Wang, Yangjian Lin, Jinlong Zhu, Jing Wu, Fang Lin, Yumei Wang, Binghui Ge

引用次数: 0

Fe‐Doped Ni‐Phytate/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids Integrating Activated Lattice Oxygen Participation and Enhanced Photothermal Effect for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502294

Peng Guan, Yuehua Zhang, Jialin Wang, Qing Ye, Yonghui Tian, Yanxia Zhao, Yongliang Cheng

{"title":"Fe‐Doped Ni‐Phytate/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids Integrating Activated Lattice Oxygen Participation and Enhanced Photothermal Effect for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst","authors":"Peng Guan, Yuehua Zhang, Jialin Wang, Qing Ye, Yonghui Tian, Yanxia Zhao, Yongliang Cheng","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502294","url":null,"abstract":"Developing highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is critical for hydrogen production through electrocatalytic water splitting, yet it remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel OER electrocatalyst, Fe‐doped Ni‐phytate supported on carbon nanotubes (NiFe‐phy/CNT), which simultaneously follows lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) and exhibits a photothermal effect, is synthesized through a facile and scalable co‐precipitation method. Experimental results combined with theoretical calculations indicate that introducing Fe can facilitate the structural reconstruction of NiFe‐phy/CNT to form highly active NiFe oxyhydroxides, switch OER pathway to LOM from the adsorbate evolution mechanism, and reinforce the photothermal effect to counterbalance the enthalpy change during OER process while reducing its activation energy. Therefore, under near‐infrared light irradiation, NiFe‐phy/CNT demonstrates exceptional OER activity, featuring low overpotentials of 237, 275, and 286 mV at 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, this electrocatalyst demonstrates the capability of large‐scale synthesis and can be stored for over 120 days with a negligible decrease in activity. This work presents a novel conceptual approach to integrate lattice oxygen redox chemistry with photothermal effect for designing highly efficient OER electrocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0