{"title":"Mechanistic Insights into Gas Adsorption on 2D Materials","authors":"Manisha Joshi, Xiaojun Ren, Tongxi Lin, Rakesh Joshi","doi":"10.1002/smll.202406706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202406706","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their exceptional characteristics, such as one‐atom thickness, high specific surface area, and tunability of surfaces, 2D materials are excellent templates to study the surface‐dependent gas adsorption phenomenon. Moreover, the properties of 2D materials like morphology, bandgap, structure, and carrier mobility can be modulated easily by modification methods such as functionalization, defect and doping engineering. These modifications create and activate unconventional inert and active sites, leading to the selective adsorption of gases via mechanisms such as charge transfer kinetics, Schottky‐barrier modification, and surface interactions. These methods enhance the adsorption sites by adding covalent and non‐covalent moieties to the 2D surface and play a critical role in developing ultrafast gas sensing with high sensitivity, selectivity, fast response/recovery rates, and low detection limits. Here, this perspective is presented on the mechanism of the adsorption process of gases on modified 2D surfaces based on recent studies related to adsorption‐dependent applications of 2D materials.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SmallPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407604
Simon Vecchioni, Rainbow Lo, Qiuyan Huang, Kun Wang, Yoel P. Ohayon, Ruojie Sha, Lynn J. Rothschild, Shalom J. Wind
{"title":"Silver(I)-Mediated 2D DNA Nanostructures","authors":"Simon Vecchioni, Rainbow Lo, Qiuyan Huang, Kun Wang, Yoel P. Ohayon, Ruojie Sha, Lynn J. Rothschild, Shalom J. Wind","doi":"10.1002/smll.202407604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407604","url":null,"abstract":"Structural DNA nanotechnology enables the self-organization of matter at the nanometer scale, but approaches to expand the inorganic and electrical functionality of these scaffolds remain limited. Developments in nucleic acid metallics have enabled the incorporation of site-specific metal ions in DNA duplexes and provide a means of functionalizing the double helix with atomistic precision. Here a class of 2D DNA nanostructures that incorporate the cytosine-Ag<sup>+</sup>-cytosine (dC:Ag<sup>+</sup>:dC) base pair as a chemical trigger for self-assembly is described. It is demonstrated that Ag<sup>+</sup>-functionalized DNA can undergo programmable assembly into large arrays and rings, and can be further coassembled with guanine tetraplexes (G4). It is shown that 2D DNA lattices can be assembled with a variety of embedded nanowires at tunable spacing. These results serve as a foundation for further development of self-assembled, metalated DNA nanostructures, with potential for high-precision DNA nanoelectronics with nanometer pitch.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SmallPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1002/smll.202408884
Hai-Ning Wang, Xing Meng, Yitao Cao, Shun-Li Li, Ya-Qian Lan
{"title":"Atomically Precise Metal–Metal Oxide Interface in Polyoxometalate-Noble Metal Hybrid Clusters","authors":"Hai-Ning Wang, Xing Meng, Yitao Cao, Shun-Li Li, Ya-Qian Lan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202408884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408884","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-metal oxide hybrid materials, typically composed of metal nanoparticles anchored on metal oxides matrix, are devoted enormous attentions as famous heterogeneous catalysts. The interactions between noble metals and metal oxides as well as their interfaces have been proven to be the origin of their excellent catalytic performance. Deep understandings on the interactions between noble metals and metal oxides at atomic precision, thus to precisely assess their contributions to catalysis, can serve as basic principles for catalyst design. In recent years, polyoxometalates (POMs), which in principle can be regarded as atomically precise metal oxide clusters, have been shown to have strong affinity to noble metals, thus forming diverse kinds of POM-noble metal hybrid clusters. Their well-resolved atomically precise structures and hybrid nature promise them as ideal platforms to understand the interfaces and interactions between noble metals and metal oxides. In this review, metal-metal oxide interface is classified into different categories based on the different configurations of hybrid clusters, and aims to understand the interface structures and electronic correlations between POMs and noble metals at the atomic precision. Based on these basic understandings, the study provides the perspectives on the challenges and research efforts to be paid in the future.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SmallPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1002/smll.202409154
Linhu Li, Renting Jiang, Jin-Feng Yu, Ming Li
{"title":"A Near-Infrared II Photo-Triggered Multifunctional Plasmonic Hyperthermia Immunomodulator for SERS-Guided Combination Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Linhu Li, Renting Jiang, Jin-Feng Yu, Ming Li","doi":"10.1002/smll.202409154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202409154","url":null,"abstract":"Immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, but its clinical applications are currently hindered by insufficient therapeutic potency, nonspecific delivery, and adverse side effects. Herein, a novel near-infrared II (NIR-II) photo-triggered plasmonic hyperthermia immunomodulator (RP@IR-pcNS@HA nanoparticles (NPs)) for anticancer treatment of both primary and distant cancers is reported. This immunomodulator comprises an IR-1061 dye-encoded NIR-II porous cubic AuAg nanoshell (pcNS) loaded with a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist – R837 in phase change materials (PCMs), further modified with hyaluronic acid (HA). In response to NIR-II photoirradiation, the RP@IR-pcNS@HA NPs controllably deliver and release R837 to tumor sites, subsequently perform plasmonic hyperthermia therapy for direct ablation of primary tumors, and elicit robust anticancer immune responses. It is demonstrated that upon NIR-II irradiation, such a plasmonic hyperthermia immunomodulator combined with anti-programmed death 1 antibody (αPD-1) completely eradicates both primary and distant cancers. In addition, this combination treatment successfully elicits robust immune memory responses for effective suppression of recurrence and distant metastasis of cancer. With the excellent NIR-II surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection ability, the RP@IR-pcNS@HA NPs combined with αPD-1 represent an efficient way to develop high-performance theranostic agents for SERS-guided combination cancer photoimmunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SmallPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406048
Ankit Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Ankush Saini, Monojit Bag, Prasenjit Kar
{"title":"Lead-Free All Inorganic Rubidium Copper Halide Rb2CuX3 (X = Cl, Br) for UVC Photodetector with Fast Response","authors":"Ankit Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Ankush Saini, Monojit Bag, Prasenjit Kar","doi":"10.1002/smll.202406048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202406048","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, lead halide perovskites have shown great potential in the photodetection field. Unfortunately, the existence of toxic lead elements restricts their practical application. Herein, high-quality 1D lead-free crystals Rb<sub>2</sub>CuX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br) are successfully synthesized in an acidic medium. Rb<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>3</sub> and Rb<sub>2</sub>CuBr<sub>3</sub> display violet photoluminescence emission peaks at 401 and 388 nm with a high exciton lifetime of 12.78 and 59.67 µs, respectively, which is due to self-trapped excitons (STE). Furthermore, a photodetector is fabricated to detect harmful UVC radiation with Rb<sub>2</sub>CuBr<sub>3</sub> as a light absorber. The proposed photodetector has a responsivity of 0.92 mA W<sup>−1</sup> and a specific detectivity of 1.57 × 10<sup>9</sup> Jones with a fast response speed of 2.67/2.70 µs for rise/fall time, respectively. In addition, both the samples show good stability against open air, and continuous ultraviolet light (254 nm), as well as good thermal stability which is necessary for device fabrication. Thus, the present study suggests that stable, non-toxic, and environment-friendly Rb<sub>2</sub>CuX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br) can be a promising candidate for future UVC optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SmallPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1002/smll.202409821
Jian Cheng, Wooyeon Kim, In Choi, Subin Yu, Bonkee Koo, Min Jae Ko
{"title":"Halide-Diffusion-Assisted Perovskite Lamination Process for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Jian Cheng, Wooyeon Kim, In Choi, Subin Yu, Bonkee Koo, Min Jae Ko","doi":"10.1002/smll.202409821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202409821","url":null,"abstract":"Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiently absorb light from both front and rear sides under illumination, and hence, PSCs have the potential for use in applications requiring bifacial or tandem solar cells. A facile method to fabricate semitransparent PSCs involves preparing a perovskite (PVSK) film on two transparent substrates and then laminating the substrates together. However, realizing high-performance laminated semitransparent PSCs is challenging because the imperfect contact at the PVSK interlayer results in void formation and partial degradation of PVSK. To address this issue, a halide-diffusion-assisted lamination (HDL) method is proposed. In the method, a controlled halide concentration gradient is used to effectively laminate the top and bottom PVSK layers. Semitransparent PSCs prepared through the HDL method (hereafter referred to as HDL-PSCs) exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.93%. In particular, an HDL-PSC exhibited higher thermal stability, maintaining its initial PCE for over 1200 h at 85 °C.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SmallPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406357
Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Arshad Hussain, Ghulam Hussain, Muhammad Umar Majeed, Muhammad Zeeshan Ashfaq, Rashid Iqbal, Adil Saleem
{"title":"Interfacial Engineering of Polymer Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolytes and Li-Metal Anode: Current Status and Future Directions","authors":"Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Arshad Hussain, Ghulam Hussain, Muhammad Umar Majeed, Muhammad Zeeshan Ashfaq, Rashid Iqbal, Adil Saleem","doi":"10.1002/smll.202406357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202406357","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of material innovations, advanced manufacturing, battery management systems, and regulatory standards is necessary to improve the energy density and safety of lithium (Li) batteries. High-energy-density solid-state Li-batteries have the potential to revolutionize industries and technologies, making them a research priority. The combination of improved safety and compatibility with high-capacity electrode materials makes solid-stateLi-batteries with polymer solid-electrolytes an attractive option for applications where energy density and safety are critical. While polymer-based solid-state Li-batteries hold enormous promise, there are still several challenges that must be addressed, particularly regarding interface between polymer solid-electrolyte and Lianode. There are significant advancements in improving the performance of solid-state Li batteries, and researchers continue to explore new methods to address these challenges. These improvements are critical for enabling the widespread adoption of solid-state Li-batteries invariety of applications, from electrical vehicles to portable electronics. Here, common polymer solid-electrolyte and its interface challenges with Lianode are first introduced, highlighting the trend in polymer solid-state-electrolyte research toward enhancing stability, safety, and performance of solid-state Li-batteries. This includes developing novel polymer materials with improved properties, exploring advanced fabrication techniques, and integrating these electrolytes into battery designs that optimize both safety and energy density.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SmallPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405216
Xiuxia Wang, Yi Yu, Jianan Li, Xinyu Zhang, Linxi Zhu, Sizhe Lin, Jin Gao, Ran Du, Dewu Lin, Yue Hu
{"title":"Sowing Clean-Release Salt Catalyst for the Synthesis of Contamination-Free Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays","authors":"Xiuxia Wang, Yi Yu, Jianan Li, Xinyu Zhang, Linxi Zhu, Sizhe Lin, Jin Gao, Ran Du, Dewu Lin, Yue Hu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202405216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405216","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown immense potential for application in emerging devices due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties. The direct growth of SWCNT arrays using high-activity metal catalysts is one of the promising methods to approach the mass production of dense SWCNT arrays. However, an inevitable obstacle lies in the post-purification of metal residual. Herein, a sowing strategy to prepare size-tunable potassium chloride (KCl) catalysts for the efficient growth of the SWCNT array with a density of 10 tubes per micron is reported. Through a controllable etching process, numerous surface defects (e.g., vacancies and kinks) are uniformly generated on the substrate as seed pit-like sites for the accommodation and anchoring of catalysts. The well-distributed KCl catalysts with a homogeneous size of ≈1.4 nm enable the growth of ≈1.3 nm SWCNTs through a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Importantly, 94 at.% KCl catalysts can be dramatically removed through a simple water-washing process, thus leaving contamination-free SWCNT arrays behind. Interestingly, 85% of nanotubes show metallic properties, which is demonstrated by the combination of electrical characterization and the multi-laser Raman spectroscopy. This sowing strategy contributes to the direct growth of uncontaminated high-density SWCNT arrays.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineering the Local Atomic Environments of Te-Modulated Fe Single-Atom Catalysts for High-Efficiency O2 Reduction","authors":"Zongge Li, Shuhua Liu, Wenjun Kang, Suyuan Zeng, Konggang Qu, Fanpeng Meng, Lei Wang, Rui Li, Yikai Yang, Kepeng Song, Shenglin Xiong, Bing Nan, Haibo Li","doi":"10.1002/smll.202406659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202406659","url":null,"abstract":"Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon materials (AD-MNCs) are considered the most promising non-precious catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but it remains a major challenge for simultaneously achieving high intrinsic activity, fast mass transport, and effective utilization of the active sites within a single catalyst. Here, an AD-MNCs consisting of defect-rich Fe-N<sub>3</sub> sites dispersed with axially coordinated Te atoms on porous carbon frameworks (Fe<sub>1</sub>Te<sub>1</sub>-900) is designed. The local charge densities and energy band structures of the neighboring Fe and Te atoms in FeN<sub>3</sub>-Te are rearranged to facilitate the catalytic conversion of the O-intermediates. Meanwhile, the negative shift of the <i>d</i>-band center in FeN<sub>3</sub>-Te reduces the energy barrier limit for effective desorption of the final OH<sup>*</sup> intermediate. In the electrochemical evaluation, Fe<sub>1</sub>Te<sub>1</sub>-900 presents a more positive onset potential and half-wave potentials of 1.03 and 0.89 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively. Furthermore, the liquid zinc-air batteries assembled with Fe<sub>1</sub>Te<sub>1</sub>-900 exhibited excellent performances compared to commercial Pt/C. This work opens up new ideas for the development of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts for applications in various energy conversion and storage technologies.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Ion Transmission Mechanisms in Clay-Based 2D Nanofluidics for Osmotic Energy Conversion","authors":"Shiwen Wang, Jiadong Tang, Bing Liu, Lingzhi Xia, Jingbing Liu, Yuhong Jin, Hao Wang, Zilong Zheng, Qianqian Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202406757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202406757","url":null,"abstract":"Clay-based 2D nanofluidics present a promising avenue for osmotic energy harvesting due to their low cost and straightforward large-scale preparation. However, a comprehensive understanding of ion transport mechanisms, and horizontal and vertical transmission, remains incomplete. By employing a multiscale approach in combination of first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, the issue of how transmission directions impact on the clay-based 2D nanofluidics on osmotic energy conversion is addressed. It is indicated that the selective and rapid hopping transport of cations in clay-based 2D nanofluidics is facilitated by the electrostatic field within charged nanochannels. Furthermore, horizontally transported nanofluidics exhibited stronger ion fluxes, higher ion transport efficiencies, and lower transmembrane energy barriers compared to vertically transported ones. Therefore, adjusting the ion transport pathways between artificial seawater and river water resulted in an increase in osmotic power output from 2.8 to 5.3 W m<sup>−2</sup>, surpassing the commercial benchmark (5 W m<sup>−2</sup>). This work enhanced the understanding of ion transport pathways in clay-based 2D nanofluidics, advancing the practical applications of osmotic energy harvesting.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}