IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75152

Aryan Zaveri, Susan E. Ju, Andrew R. Tuokkola, Rebecca McAlpine, Ricardo Martinez, Joeun Kim, Shinichi Furuya, Laurent Pilon, Bruce Dunn, Sarah H. Tolbert, Aaswath P. Raman

{"title":"Mesoporous Organosilica-Based Infrared Metamaterials for Radiative Cooling of Windows","authors":"Aryan Zaveri, Susan E. Ju, Andrew R. Tuokkola, Rebecca McAlpine, Ricardo Martinez, Joeun Kim, Shinichi Furuya, Laurent Pilon, Bruce Dunn, Sarah H. Tolbert, Aaswath P. Raman","doi":"10.1002/smll.75152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efficient radiative cooling requires an unobstructed view of the sky. However, the vertical facades of buildings see terrestrial features, which act as broadband infrared emitters of heat in the summer. As a result, for conventional materials, including building windows, terrestrial heat gain in the summer can negate or overwhelm a vertically-oriented surface's narrowband long-wave infrared (LWIR) emission to space. To address this challenge, here we develop a visibly transparent, LWIR-selective mesoporous metamaterial suitable for use on windows that is designed to emit selectively within the 8–13 µm atmospheric transparency window. This material, a highly porous organosilica network dried under ambient conditions known as an ambigel, leverages phonon-polariton resonances to achieve high and selective emittance in the transparency window. Experimental characterization and modeling suggest that the bond angle and length distributions of amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> in this ambigel differs significantly from those in fused silica, highlighting a new degree of freedom for optical design. Field tests demonstrate that the ambigel maintains surface temperatures approximately 0.5°C lower than a conventional broadband emitter in representative conditions. Our results demonstrate a material design strategy for a visibly transparent infrared selective material that can enable effective radiative cooling for windows and building facades.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148717675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasmonic Metals and Semiconductor Supports for Photothermal CO2 Reforming of Methane: Recent Advances, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Opportunities 等离子体金属和半导体支持甲烷光热CO2重整：最新进展，机理见解和未来机遇。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-09-07 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75599

Xu Hu, Yousheng Cao, Jinhua Ye, Hui Song

{"title":"Plasmonic Metals and Semiconductor Supports for Photothermal CO2 Reforming of Methane: Recent Advances, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Opportunities","authors":"Xu Hu, Yousheng Cao, Jinhua Ye, Hui Song","doi":"10.1002/smll.75599","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75599","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Photothermal dry reforming of methane (DRM) has emerged as a promising strategy for simultaneously mitigating the greenhouse effect and valorizing carbon resources by converting CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> into syngas under solar irradiation. In photothermal DRM systems, photons not only induce localized heating but also generate energetic charge carriers that actively participate in CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> activation, enabling reaction pathways inaccessible under purely thermal conditions and promoting catalysis under nonequilibrium regimes. In this review, we first systematically examine the fundamental mechanisms underpinning photothermal DRM. We then summarize recent advances in photothermal DRM catalysts, encompassing plasmonic metals, and metal-semiconductor hybrids, with an emphasis on structure-activity-stability relationships. Finally, we discuss key challenges and future opportunities in mechanistic understanding, catalyst design, and reactor integration, aiming to provide guiding principles for the rational development of efficient and durable solar-driven DRM technologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148899898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Warp-Weft Stack Strategy for Weaving 2D Porphyrin-Based COFs from 1D Chains toward CO2 Photoreduction 从一维链编织二维卟啉基COFs的经纬叠加策略，用于co2光还原

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75142

Faliang Gou, Qianni Bian, Wenwen Jiang, Wei Zhang, Chen Wang, Dekun Ma, Xu Jiang

{"title":"Warp-Weft Stack Strategy for Weaving 2D Porphyrin-Based COFs from 1D Chains toward CO2 Photoreduction","authors":"Faliang Gou, Qianni Bian, Wenwen Jiang, Wei Zhang, Chen Wang, Dekun Ma, Xu Jiang","doi":"10.1002/smll.75142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of efficient photocatalysts for converting carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals is crucial for sustainable energy. Porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a promising class of materials for photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. In this work, a novel synthetic strategy termed “warp-weft stack” is presented and utilized to design and synthesize a series of 2D porphyrin-based COFs from 1D chain precursors. The strategy employs low-symmetry (C<sub>2</sub>) porphyrin and dialdehyde monomers, which first form 1D chains via imine bonds and are then woven into 2D frameworks through axial metal coordination. Comprehensive characterization confirms that the cobalt-porphyrin-based COFs exhibit a partially ordered layered structure with moderate crystallinity, suggesting that the metal center plays a key role in directing the dimensional evolution from chains to sheets. In contrast, the metal-free analog forms an amorphous aggregate. In a photocatalytic system with [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub> and ascorbic acid, the cobalt-porphyrin COF demonstrates markedly enhanced activity and selectivity for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. This study not only provides a novel pathway for the bottom-up construction of dimensionally controlled porous materials but also underscores the importance of integrated metal sites in directing framework assembly and optimizing catalytic function for sustainable chemical synthesis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reprogramming Adenosine-Driven Tumor Immunosuppression With a Carrier-Free Nanoplatform for Self-Amplifying Antitumor Immunity 利用无载体纳米平台对腺苷驱动的肿瘤免疫抑制进行自我扩增抗肿瘤免疫。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75164

Yang Ming, Zhichu Xiang, Mengyao Zhao, Xiaoyuan Chen

{"title":"Reprogramming Adenosine-Driven Tumor Immunosuppression With a Carrier-Free Nanoplatform for Self-Amplifying Antitumor Immunity","authors":"Yang Ming, Zhichu Xiang, Mengyao Zhao, Xiaoyuan Chen","doi":"10.1002/smll.75164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a metabolically dynamic niche where dysregulated purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in shaping antitumor immunity. Although immunogenic cell death (ICD) induces the release of extracellular ATP (eATP) to initiate immune activation, the overexpression of ectonucleotidases rapidly degrades eATP into immunosuppressive adenosine, thereby attenuating therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this challenge, we here report a biomimetic nanoplatform (CADF@TA) engineered via coordination-driven self-assembly that reprograms the TME into a sustained bioenergetic reservoir by promoting eATP accumulation while inhibiting its degradation into adenosine. This carrier-free nanoplatform is constructed by co-assembling ectonucleotidase inhibitor ARL-67156 (ARL) and oligonucleotide (CpG) with Fe<sup>2+</sup> and doxorubicin (DOX). Within this architecture, DOX functions as an inducer of intracellular ATP release through ICD (“pump”), whereas ARL acts as a molecular lock that concurrently inhibits CD39 and CD73 to prevent ATP degradation (“lock”). This “pump-and-lock” mechanism maintains an eATP-enriched microenvironment to promote immune cell recruitment, while CpG serves as a robust adjuvant to facilitate dendritic cell maturation and subsequent CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation. The elicited immune response further amplifies tumor apoptosis and replenishes the eATP pool, establishing a self-amplifying immunostimulatory feedback loop. Collectively, this work presents a carrier-free nanoplatform that overcomes the adenosine-mediated immunosuppression through metabolic reprogramming, enabling a self-amplifying immunostimulatory cascade for enhanced antitumor therapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging Biological Thermoregulation Strategies and Engineered Materials for Emerging Radiative Cooling Applications 桥接生物温度调节策略和工程材料的新兴辐射冷却应用。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-09-06 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75597

Hao Xue, Yu Liu, Yubao Yang, Ruijuan Du, Bo Li, Changchao Zhang, Xiancun Meng, Guangjun Chen, You Chen, Hanliang Ding, Shichao Niu, Zhiwu Han, Luquan Ren

{"title":"Bridging Biological Thermoregulation Strategies and Engineered Materials for Emerging Radiative Cooling Applications","authors":"Hao Xue, Yu Liu, Yubao Yang, Ruijuan Du, Bo Li, Changchao Zhang, Xiancun Meng, Guangjun Chen, You Chen, Hanliang Ding, Shichao Niu, Zhiwu Han, Luquan Ren","doi":"10.1002/smll.75597","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75597","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Radiative cooling (RC) has emerged as a compelling energy-free solution for passive thermal management by dissipating heat into cold outer space through the atmospheric window. While recent advances have significantly optimized spectral performance, the field is now shifting toward the simultaneous realization of high solar reflectance, superior thermal emittance, long-term environmental durability, and scalable manufacturing under realistic service conditions. Natural organisms, having evolved sophisticated thermoregulatory strategies over millions of years, provide ideal blueprints for addressing these multi-objective challenges through the synergy of biological feature architectures and intrinsic material properties. This review systematically analyzes biological thermoregulation strategies and their underlying physical principles by categorizing natural archetypes into one-dimensional fibrous structures, two-dimensional surface gratings or scales, and three-dimensional porous networks or hierarchical architectures. We clarify how specific optical mechanisms are integrated within these biological architectures to achieve precise radiative control across the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the translation of these natural principles into engineered materials is discussed across diverse sectors, including personal thermal management and atmospheric water harvesting. By identifying persistent bottlenecks and future research trajectories, this review establishes a strategic framework for developing next-generation, bioinspired RC technologies capable of meeting global cooling demands with enhanced functional reliability and broad application potential.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148899991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Material Development of Aerogels: Application to Thermal Runaway Protection in Lithium‐Ion Batteries 气凝胶材料的开发：在锂离子电池热失控保护中的应用

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76315

Huizhen Ding, Yanling Liu, Haitao Tuo, Junhong Pu, Haolun Wang

{"title":"Material Development of Aerogels: Application to Thermal Runaway Protection in Lithium‐Ion Batteries","authors":"Huizhen Ding, Yanling Liu, Haitao Tuo, Junhong Pu, Haolun Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.76315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76315","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and global warming, primarily driven by CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, constitute critical challenges. Alternative energy technologies represent a viable mitigation strategy in which lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) play a vital role, particularly amid the rapid demand for new energy vehicles fueled by policy support, technological innovations, and infrastructure improvements. Owing to their superior properties, including high energy density and long cycle life, LIBs find wide applications; however, safety concerns, particularly thermal runaway, remain significant. Thermal runaway, triggered by mechanical impact, overcharging, or elevated temperatures, frequently causes combustion or explosion, thereby threatening life and property and making thermal runaway suppression essential for LIB safety. Aerogels, characterized by ultra‐low density, ultra‐low thermal conductivity, and excellent thermal stability, exhibit substantial potential for mitigating thermal runaway because their unique nanoporous structures satisfy the core requirements of thermal runaway protection. This review examines LIB thermal runaway mechanisms, recent thermal protection technologies, and the thermal insulation mechanisms of aerogels for LIB thermal runaway suppression, classifies aerogels used for LIB thermal runaway mitigation, summarizes recent research progress and applications, analyzes key technical bottlenecks, and discusses future development directions, thereby providing a systematic reference for developing high‐performance aerogel‐based materials that enhance LIB safety.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hetero‐Structured COF Membranes with Graded Pores for Efficient H 2 Purification 具有分级孔的异质结构COF膜用于高效的氢气净化

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76348

Xiaohe Tian, Song Luo, Xiangyu Liu, Hongxia Gao, Zheyu Huang, Chenxi Li, Qing Li, Xiangyi Zhang, Hao Chen, Shaofei Wang

{"title":"Hetero‐Structured COF Membranes with Graded Pores for Efficient H 2 Purification","authors":"Xiaohe Tian, Song Luo, Xiangyu Liu, Hongxia Gao, Zheyu Huang, Chenxi Li, Qing Li, Xiangyi Zhang, Hao Chen, Shaofei Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.76348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76348","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing hetero‐structured membranes with well‐defined pore architectures is a promising strategy to enhance gas separation performance, yet achieving structural continuity across different layers remains challenging. Here, we report a hetero‐structured covalent organic framework (COF) membrane featuring graded pores that transition from a microporous selective layer to a mesoporous support. Unlike conventional layer‐by‐layer assembly, our approach employs a pre‐adsorption‐induced heteroepitaxial growth strategy, wherein hydrazine monomers are electrostatically pre‐organized within the channels of a sulfonated COF scaffold (TpBD‐SO 3 H). This spatial confinement directs the nucleation and growth of the secondary COF layer (TpHz), creating a chemically integrated and robust interface with a continuous pore size transition from 0.9 nm to 2.5 nm, as evidenced by an intermediate pore size of 1.9 nm arising from partial channel penetration. The resulting membrane exhibits an H 2 permeance of 1854 GPU and an H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 15, surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound. This work demonstrates that graded pore engineering offers an effective route to combine high permeability with molecular sieving precision in crystalline membrane design.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sacrificial‐Template Fabrication of Orientation‐Controlled Porous Titanium Lattices With Bioactive Surfaces 具有生物活性表面的定向控制多孔钛晶格的牺牲模板制备

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76267

Woo‐Youl Maeng, Jung‐Bin Lee, Tae Wan Park, Jaewon Choi, Kyung Su Kim, Yerim Lee, Hyeongu Hwang, Nayoung Lee, Sejin Choi, Minho Kang, Sang Jin Lee, Jahyun Koo, Hyun Lee, Minho Seong, Young‐Hag Koh

{"title":"Sacrificial‐Template Fabrication of Orientation‐Controlled Porous Titanium Lattices With Bioactive Surfaces","authors":"Woo‐Youl Maeng, Jung‐Bin Lee, Tae Wan Park, Jaewon Choi, Kyung Su Kim, Yerim Lee, Hyeongu Hwang, Nayoung Lee, Sejin Choi, Minho Kang, Sang Jin Lee, Jahyun Koo, Hyun Lee, Minho Seong, Young‐Hag Koh","doi":"10.1002/smll.76267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76267","url":null,"abstract":"Porous titanium scaffolds for bone repair require coordinated control of pore architecture, mechanical behavior, and surface bioactivity. Here, we report a sacrificial‐template route based on polymer 3D printing that produces orientation‐controlled porous titanium scaffolds with hierarchical macro‐ and microporosity without direct metal additive manufacturing. Polylactic acid lattices printed by fused deposition modeling are infiltrated with a titanium powder slurry and then subjected to template removal and sintering. The process yields ortho‐grid, tri‐lattice, and quad‐lattice structures with approximately 26% isotropic linear shrinkage, 65%–67% porosity, preserved geometric fidelity, and a relative density of approximately 95% in the sintered strut walls. Uniaxial compression tests reveal architecture‐dependent behavior along the tested loading direction, whereas finite element simulations predict lower directional sensitivity under off‐axis loading as strut‐orientation diversity increases. Micro‐arc oxidation forms a Ca–P‐containing microporous oxide layer and improves cell spreading, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity relative to untreated titanium scaffolds in vitro. In a rat calvarial defect model, uncoated titanium scaffolds achieve bone regeneration comparable to commercial porous tantalum, while micro‐arc oxidation further enhances bone formation. Fabrication of cone augments and other non‐prismatic geometries further demonstrates the adaptability of the approach to complex implant‐relevant structures.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"839 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunities and Challenges of Aqueous Tin Batteries for Future Energy Storage 锡水电池在未来储能中的机遇与挑战

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76373

Kaiqiang Zhang, Haoning Xi, Shengtao Yang, Yuping Wu

{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges of Aqueous Tin Batteries for Future Energy Storage","authors":"Kaiqiang Zhang, Haoning Xi, Shengtao Yang, Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1002/smll.76373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76373","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous tin batteries are promising because tin offers high volumetric capacity, sluggish hydrogen‐evolution kinetics, relatively isotropic deposition, and two‐ or four‐electron redox chemistry. However, dendrite‐resistant growth alone does not ensure reversibility. Hydrolysis, oxygen‐induced oxidation, corrosion, kinetic asymmetry, soluble Sn 2+ intermediates, incomplete stripping, particle detachment, pore blockage, and crossover can all disrupt the tin redox cycle. This review summarizes the fundamental chemistry of acidic Sn 2+ /Sn and alkaline Sn 4+ /Sn 2+ /Sn systems and examines the conditional advantages, coupled failure mechanisms, materials strategies, and chemical compatibility of representative full cells. It also proposes practical benchmarking criteria based on tin inventory conservation, species confinement, electrochemical recoverability, and realistic utilization conditions to distinguish genuine reversibility from performance masked by shallow cycling, excess tin inventory, or large electrolyte volumes. Future progress requires coordinated control of tin speciation, deposition, intermediate confinement, charge‐carrier transport, and cathode compatibility. The key objective is to keep every tin species spatially confined and electrochemically recoverable throughout deep, prolonged cycling.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diffusion‐Limited Microfluidic Focusing: Oscillatory Electro‐Viscoelastic Migration of Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles 扩散受限的微流体聚焦：纳米颗粒和细胞外囊泡的振荡电粘弹性迁移

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76311

Zikrullah Bölükkaya, Seyedamirhosein Abdorahimzadeh, Artem Zhyvolozhnyi, Anatoliy Samoylenko, Seppo Vainio, Caglar Elbuken

{"title":"Diffusion‐Limited Microfluidic Focusing: Oscillatory Electro‐Viscoelastic Migration of Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles","authors":"Zikrullah Bölükkaya, Seyedamirhosein Abdorahimzadeh, Artem Zhyvolozhnyi, Anatoliy Samoylenko, Seppo Vainio, Caglar Elbuken","doi":"10.1002/smll.76311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76311","url":null,"abstract":"Inertial and viscoelastic microfluidics have emerged as strategies for high‐throughput particle handling in micro‐scale systems. However, these methods are predominantly constrained to micron‐sized particles due to the weak lift forces at the nanoscale. Nanoparticle focusing in microfluidic devices requires long channels and extreme pressures to have a practical output. This study presents oscillatory electro‐viscoelastic migration (Osc‐EVM), which overcomes these limitations, enabling the focusing of particles as small as 20 nm in conventional micron‐sized channels, achieving an unprecedented blockage ratio of 4 × 10 −4 . We investigate the parameters driving particle focusing, including the interplay between focusing and diffusion, and determine the particle focusing limits on this system. The system's applicability was demonstrated by focusing extracellular vesicles (EVs) within a canonical 50 µm × 50 µm microfluidic channel, highlighting its potential for nanoscale biomedical applications. Additionally, we propose an electric field threshold as a novel mechanism for size‐based separation of nanoparticles. These findings present Osc‐EVM as a competent separation strategy for nanoscale particles and expand the applicability of microfluidic sorting in clinical and research contexts.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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