IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73602

Ya-Juan Wang, Xiang-Mei Lu, Yi-Duo Wang, Guo-Ping Yang, Yao-Yu Wang

{"title":"Solvent-Free Preparation of Pharmaceutically Active Diindolylmethane Derivatives by Stable Triple-Interpenetrated Heterometallic-Organic Frameworks With Sc-Pd/Pt Synergistic Sites.","authors":"Ya-Juan Wang, Xiang-Mei Lu, Yi-Duo Wang, Guo-Ping Yang, Yao-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.73602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73602","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of noble metal-coordinated heterometallic-organic framework (HMOF) catalysts is crucial for advancing sustainable and efficient organic synthesis, particularly in drug synthesis. However, the controlled assembly of these materials is hindered by the inherently slow ligand exchange kinetics of noble metal ions and the challenging balance between the strength and reversibility of coordination bonds. Herein, a series of stable HMOFs (ScPd-INA, ScPt-INA, and ScPt-MCA) were one-pot synthesized by the bifunctional 4-picolinic acid (HINA)/3-methylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid (HMCA), featuring the triple-interpenetrated structures and unique [Sc3(µ3-O)(COO)6] clusters. As heterogeneous catalysts, these HMOFs exhibit exceptional efficiency (up to 99%) and stability in the solvent-free Friedel-Crafts alkylation of pharmacologically significant diindolylmethane derivatives. Notably, four products were successfully identified by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction, one of which was the drug molecule 3,3'-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]bis-1H-indole (DIM-C-pPhOCH3), marking the first reported structural analysis of DIM-C-pPhOCH3 by the MOF catalytic system. Moreover, the theoretical calculations further clarified the synergistic interplay between the dual metal centers in promoting the reaction. This work establishes an efficient approach for constructing noble metal-coordinated HMOF catalysts, offering a new platform for their applications in the synthesis of drug molecules.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73602"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sodiophilic and Electron-Insulating Interphase for Stable Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries. 稳定固态钠金属电池的亲钠和电子绝缘界面。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73613

Sihao Du, Jiayun Zhang, Ruohan Jiang, Saihui Duan, Dingcheng Guo, Haoran Ji, Fang Fang, Fei Wang

{"title":"Sodiophilic and Electron-Insulating Interphase for Stable Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries.","authors":"Sihao Du, Jiayun Zhang, Ruohan Jiang, Saihui Duan, Dingcheng Guo, Haoran Ji, Fang Fang, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.73613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73613","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-type solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising candidates for solid-state sodium batteries (SSSBs) due to their high room-temperature ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability. However, their interphascial incompatibility with sodium metal anodes leads to poor contact, slow ion transport, and dendrite growth. In this work, we demonstrate a dual-component interphase with both sodiophilicity and electron-insulating capability to prolong the cyclability of SSSBs. SbF3 was spin-coated onto Na3.4Zn0.2Zr1.8Si2.2P0.8O12 (NZZP) electrolyte surface and then converted to the Na3Sb/NaF (NSF) composite interlayer via the reaction with Na. Na3Sb exhibits high sodiophilicity, enhancing interphascial wettability. Meanwhile, NaF possesses a wide bandgap of 6.17 eV and high mechanical strength, blocking electron leakage and suppressing dendrite propagation. As a result, Na|NSF-NZZP-NSF|Na symmetric cells demonstrate ultra-low interphascial resistance of 4.7 Ω cm2, high critical current density of 2.2 mA cm-2 at 25°C and stable cycles over 2400 h at 0.5 mA cm-2. Using Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode, the solid-state full cell displays an impressive capacity retention of 94.5% after 600 cycles at 2 C. This work provides a simple, effective, and scalable approach for constructing stable SSSBs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73613"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electronic Devices Based on Heterostructures of 2D Materials and Self-Assembled Monolayers. 基于二维材料异质结构和自组装单层膜的电子器件。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402857

Mengmeng Li, Yu Jiang, Hongyu Ju, Suhang He, Chuancheng Jia, Xuefeng Guo

引用次数: 0

Rational Design of a High Performance Three-Dimensional Printed Concave Photoreactor for Sunlight-Drivable Micropollutant Removal from Water. 高性能三维印刷凹面光反应器的合理设计及其对水中微污染物的去除。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73619

Bolin Tan, Yuhong Cai, Wei Jiang, Qinqin Jiang, Yawen Jiang, Yuan Zhao, Yuansong Sun, Lang Sun, Xin Wang, Jiaying Lu, Zhou Chen, Jun Di, Ran Long, Pin Song

{"title":"Rational Design of a High Performance Three-Dimensional Printed Concave Photoreactor for Sunlight-Drivable Micropollutant Removal from Water.","authors":"Bolin Tan, Yuhong Cai, Wei Jiang, Qinqin Jiang, Yawen Jiang, Yuan Zhao, Yuansong Sun, Lang Sun, Xin Wang, Jiaying Lu, Zhou Chen, Jun Di, Ran Long, Pin Song","doi":"10.1002/smll.73619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73619","url":null,"abstract":"Micropollutants in aquatic environments pose a significant threat to human health, which requires new designs of photoreactor and photocatalyst for better degrading micro pollutants. Here, we have designed a flow surface concave photoreactor through 3D printing, which can improve light collection ability by reflecting light multiple times on the surface. It is combined with a single atom modified Cr-Bi3O4Br/PVDF photocatalytic membrane for photo driven removal of antibiotics at environmentally relevant concentrations (100 ng L-1 to 10 mg L-1). The use of photocatalytic membrane flow system can effectively promote the contact between micro pollutants and active hydroxyl radicals ·OH generated in nanopores, thereby significantly improving degradation efficiency. Notably, in a 100 ng L-1 tetracycline (TC) solution, the removal rate can reach 99.9%, demonstrating the importance of designing flow-through concave photoreactor and photocatalytic membrane. Under natural sunlight conditions, the removal rate of TC reached an impressive 99% and total 5000 mL after 5 cycles with flow velocity 1.68 mL/min. This work not only provides an effective strategy for the removal of micro pollutants driven by sunlight, but also provides important references for the design of water treatment equipment through the synergistic effect of 3D printed concave photoreactors and composite materials.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73619"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confinement at Defect Sites Dissociates Ionic-Liquid Pairs for Brain-Like Organic Computing. 缺陷位置的约束解离离子-液体对用于类脑有机计算。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73608

Chang Min Lee, Hye Jeong Son, Yongsang An, Jin Uk Kim, Hocheon Yoo, Seongbin Ga, Chang Soo Lee, Eun Kwang Lee

{"title":"Confinement at Defect Sites Dissociates Ionic-Liquid Pairs for Brain-Like Organic Computing.","authors":"Chang Min Lee, Hye Jeong Son, Yongsang An, Jin Uk Kim, Hocheon Yoo, Seongbin Ga, Chang Soo Lee, Eun Kwang Lee","doi":"10.1002/smll.73608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73608","url":null,"abstract":"Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted significant attention as devices for emulating brain-like information processing. However, their practical implementation is hindered by the limited ion modulation diversity at the active layer-electrolyte interface. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a metal-organic framework (MOF) as a selective ion-conducting layer to modulate ion-pair dissociation. The MOF layer is based on benzoic acid-modified MIL-125-NH2 (BA-MOF), which provides active sites that promote the efficient incorporation of ionic liquid ([EMIM][TFSI]) through intentional defect sites. The defective, highly porous architecture of BA-MOF possesses open-metal sites to tightly bound the ionic liquid. This integration suppresses ion diffusion through BA-MOF, enhancing mobility and overall OECT performance. The effectiveness of this strategy is further demonstrated by MNIST pattern recognition simulations, achieving a maximum accuracy of 94.72%, which is close to the ideal benchmark of 95.22%. This observation is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which revealed that the confinement of [EMIM][TFSI] ion pairs within BA-MOF reduces the ion-pair dissociation energy, thereby leading to an increased concentration of free anions. These findings highlight that defect-sites of MOF not only facilitate ionic-liquid dissociation but also enable and stable synaptic responses, providing a promising strategy for high-performance brain-inspired organic computing.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73608"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Conversion of N₂-to-NH₃: Mechanisms, Materials, and Perspectives. 光催化n2转化为nh3的金属和共价有机框架：机制、材料和前景。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73476

Akash Balakrishnan, Anagha Chandran, Sara Shiby, Alvin Tenny, Mahendra Chinthala, Arvind Kumar, Suverna Trivedi, Natarajan Rajamohan, Bo Weng

{"title":"Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Conversion of N2-to-NH3: Mechanisms, Materials, and Perspectives.","authors":"Akash Balakrishnan, Anagha Chandran, Sara Shiby, Alvin Tenny, Mahendra Chinthala, Arvind Kumar, Suverna Trivedi, Natarajan Rajamohan, Bo Weng","doi":"10.1002/smll.73476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73476","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia is indispensable for food security and clean energy, yet its production via the Haber-Bosch process consumes vast amounts of fossil resources and contributes significantly to CO2 emissions. The photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) driven by solar energy offers a sustainable alternative under ambient conditions; however, progress is limited by weak N2 adsorption, strong N≡N bond cleavage, competing hydrogen evolution, and low quantum efficiency. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as transformative photocatalyst platforms, combining high surface area, tunable porosity, πconjugated structures, and biomimetic active sites to enhance light harvesting, charge separation, and nitrogen activation. This review highlights recent advances in pristine MOF and COF frameworks, composites, and framework-derived catalysts, emphasizing strategies such as defect engineering, heteroatom doping, functionalization, and heterojunction construction toward photocatalytic NRR. Mechanistic insights from spectroscopy and density functional theory reveal associative, Mars-van Krevelen, and defect-assisted pathways, offering guidance for rational catalyst design. Beyond materials, techno-economic aspects, including scalability, durability, cost performance balance, and energy payback, are critically assessed relative to the Haber-Bosch process. This review highlights the importance of integrating molecular-level catalyst design with reactor-scale engineering to translate laboratory breakthroughs into scalable solar ammonia production.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73476"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA Triangular Prism Based Tripedal Walking Along Triplex-Forming Track. 基于DNA三角棱镜的三足行走器沿着三向成形轨迹行走。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73611

Tingting Wang, Xingye Zheng, Hua Chai, Peng Miao

引用次数: 0

Solar-Blind Enhanced Dual-Band Ultraviolet Photodetector. 增强型太阳盲双波段紫外光电探测器。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202514917

Yuefei Wang, Rongpeng Fu, Yurui Han, Bingsheng Li, Aidong Shen, Yichun Liu

{"title":"Solar-Blind Enhanced Dual-Band Ultraviolet Photodetector.","authors":"Yuefei Wang, Rongpeng Fu, Yurui Han, Bingsheng Li, Aidong Shen, Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514917","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.202514917","url":null,"abstract":"We present a dual-band ultraviolet photodetector based on a β-Ga2O3/(AlxGa1 - x)2O3/GaN heterojunction, which not only achieves solar-blind ultraviolet enhancement but also distinguishes different ultraviolet wavelengths (λ ≤ 270 nm and λ > 270 nm) by utilizing the varying current relaxation rates after exposure to different wavelengths of light. The introduction of the (AlxGa1-x)2O3 barrier layer significantly reduces the reverse leakage current of the heterojunction device. Meanwhile, under solar-blind ultraviolet irradiation, the self-trapped holes generated in the Ga2O3 material enhance the junction electric field and induce carrier tunneling, resulting in photogenerated current gain and significantly improving the device's photodetection performance in the solar-blind ultraviolet range. Under a -20 V bias, the device achieves a photocurrent gain of 2033, a photoresponsivity of 900 A/W, and a detectivity of 2.55 × 1013 Jones under solar-blind ultraviolet illumination. To address the pronounced persistent photoconductivity observed under solar-blind UV illumination, suppression is achieved by combining ultraviolet illumination with circuit interruption, significantly reducing the current relaxation time. Furthermore, a novel method for achieving dual-band ultraviolet detection is proposed, which utilizes the difference in relaxation rates of the device current under illumination at different ultraviolet wavelengths to enable discrimination between solar-blind and long-wave ultraviolet light.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e14917"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-Microsite Covalent Organic Framework-Functionalized Barium Titanate for Promoting Piezo-Catalytic Dual-Pathway H₂O₂ Production. 双微位共价有机骨架功能化钛酸钡促进压电催化双途径生产H2O2。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202600067

Xiangming Li, Xianyang Yang, Qingpeng Chen, Qi Yuan, Hongwei Huang, Shuchen Tu, Qian Zhang, Fang Chen, Meng Fu

{"title":"Dual-Microsite Covalent Organic Framework-Functionalized Barium Titanate for Promoting Piezo-Catalytic Dual-Pathway H2O2 Production.","authors":"Xiangming Li, Xianyang Yang, Qingpeng Chen, Qi Yuan, Hongwei Huang, Shuchen Tu, Qian Zhang, Fang Chen, Meng Fu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202600067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.202600067","url":null,"abstract":"Piezo-catalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from air and pure water represents a highly promising production strategy. However, its rapid development is severely hindered by challenges in the catalytic process, such as weak substrate adsorption selectivity, poor charge separation and transfer efficiency, and limited reaction pathways. Herein, we present a piezo-catalyst composed of barium titanate in situ encapsulated by a covalent organic framework (COF/BaTiO3), which enables the simultaneous conversion of water and oxygen into H2O2 under ultrasonic irradiation via dual micro sites, without requiring sacrificial agents or additional oxygen sources. Theoretical calculations and experimental results collectively demonstrate that the dual micro sites of COF/BaTiO3 facilitate the directional preferential adsorption and activation of water and oxygen. Benefiting from the strong built-in polarization field formed by the overall enhanced piezoelectric response, electrons and holes are rapidly separated and directionally transported to the microsites. This enables a synergistic pathway dominated by two-electron water oxidation and supplemented by two-electron oxygen reduction on the dual micro sites, while suppressing the four-electron water oxidation reaction to achieve an impressive H2O2 yield of 240.7 µmol g-1 h-1. This work provides new insights for the design and development of piezo-catalysts for efficient overall piezo-catalytic H2O2 production.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e00067"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Intimate Heterojunction Architecture: Linear Conjugated Polymer Confinement Within Covalent Organic Framework Pores for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production. 一个亲密的异质结结构：共价有机框架孔内线性共轭聚合物约束用于增强光催化过氧化氢生产。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73617

Muhammad Haseeb Raza, Kang-Hua Li, Wen-Zhuang Wang, Zi-Wen Xu, Irshad Khan, Maria Khalil, Zhong-Xin Xue, Xin Zhao, Wei-Shi Li

{"title":"An Intimate Heterojunction Architecture: Linear Conjugated Polymer Confinement Within Covalent Organic Framework Pores for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production.","authors":"Muhammad Haseeb Raza, Kang-Hua Li, Wen-Zhuang Wang, Zi-Wen Xu, Irshad Khan, Maria Khalil, Zhong-Xin Xue, Xin Zhao, Wei-Shi Li","doi":"10.1002/smll.73617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73617","url":null,"abstract":"Construction of a heterojunction to promote exciton dissociation is widely pursued in photocatalyst design, and the interfacial area is one of the critical factors that must be considered. To date, covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalytic heterojunctions mainly rely on their crystal outer surface as an interface, while overlooking the extensive surface area provided by internal pore walls. Here, we report a COF pore wall-based heterojunction design achieved by in situ confinement of linear conjugated polymers (LCPs) within COF pores via concurrent growth in copolymerization of a four-aldehyde-functionalized pyrene monomer, a two-amine-functionalized benzene monomer, and a two-aldehyde-functionalized benzothiadiazole monomer. The optimized COF/LCP hybrid displays enhanced charge carrier generation, lifetime, and transport, resulting in a significant improvement in photocatalytic H2O2 production performance (209%-enhancement vs. COF, 75%-enhancement vs. LCP, and 99%-enhancement vs. COF/LCP physical mixture). The established heterojunction has been proven to efficiently promote electron transfer from COF to LCP, thereby opening new avenues in high-performance photocatalyst design.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73617"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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