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Binder-Free MoO2-MoO3 Nanoarrays as High-Performance Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500361

Gagan Kumar Sharma, Jacob Elkins, Anand B. Puthirath, Jishnu Murukeshan, Abhijit Biswas, Tymofii S. Pieshkov, Atin Pramanik, Robert Vajtai, Davinder Kaur, Pulickel M. Ajayan

{"title":"Binder-Free MoO2-MoO3 Nanoarrays as High-Performance Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries","authors":"Gagan Kumar Sharma, Jacob Elkins, Anand B. Puthirath, Jishnu Murukeshan, Abhijit Biswas, Tymofii S. Pieshkov, Atin Pramanik, Robert Vajtai, Davinder Kaur, Pulickel M. Ajayan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500361","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the limitations of commercializing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a one-step feasible route is reported to prepare a hybrid matrix of molybdenum oxides (MoO3-x, x = 0 and 1) thin film anode. In this direction, the electrical conductivity barriers of MoO3 dielectric are overcome by reinforcing conductive MoO2 via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route. The intermixed array of nanograins and nanoflakes grown over stainless-steel (SS) foil delivers a maximum gravimetric capacitance of 281 F g−1 and a specific capacity of 348 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. The synergistic integration of metal oxides facilitates multiple valencies, interfacial structural stability, and abundant ion transport channels to achieve a wider voltage window of 3.50 V. Subsequently, the prepared Li||MoO2-MoO3@SS configuration possesses electric double-layer and pseudocapacitive energy storage capacity leading to remarkable specific energy 77.78 Wh kg−1 and excellent specific power 13.75 kW kg−1. The high-rate capacity tests for continuous 1200 charge–discharge cycles disclose retention of ≈88% and ≈100% Coulombic efficiency on a 2-fold enlargement of current density. The longer lifespan and higher rate capacity of nanohybrid anode owing to reversible lithiation/delithiation further recommend its candidacy in developing LIBs for next-generation portable electronics.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple Charge Carriers Manipulation Toward Semiconductive Ceramic Nanocomposites for Corrosion-Resistant Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500581

Yu Zhang, Siyuan Zhang, Di Lan, Jiahui Yao, Zhenguo Gao, Guanglei Wu, Jian Jiao

{"title":"Multiple Charge Carriers Manipulation Toward Semiconductive Ceramic Nanocomposites for Corrosion-Resistant Electromagnetic Wave Absorption","authors":"Yu Zhang, Siyuan Zhang, Di Lan, Jiahui Yao, Zhenguo Gao, Guanglei Wu, Jian Jiao","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500581","url":null,"abstract":"The modulation of transport properties in ceramic-based semiconductors can be used to optimize the electromagnetic response mechanism and performance. A semiconductor ceramic foam interlayer wall (SCFW) is designed by a physical vapor deposition method. The interlayer structural SCFW is composed of semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor layers, incorporating a composite system of SiC, Al4.8Si1.2O9.6, and Al2O3. Moreover, the hierarchical network structure of the foam interlayer wall is controlled by the pyrolysis-deposition kinetic process. Electrons and holes are transported through the heterojunctions between SiC and Al4.8Si1.2O9.6, achieving effective charge relaxation. The Al2O3 matrix provides lightweight properties (density of 0.967 g cm−3), while the hierarchical network structure determines the excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance of the SCFW, with an effective bandwidth up to 14.8 GHz under electromagnetic response (minimum reflection loss RLmin = −50.6 dB). the SCFW has been proven to exhibit corrosion resistance and thermal insulation properties, with a thermal conductivity up to 0.025 W m−1 K−1. This study provides valuable insights into the structural design and dielectric property optimization of ceramic-based semiconductor nanocomposites, which leads to strong polarization loss, opening new avenues for the application of EMW absorbers, and the EMW absorption mechanism of ceramics.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Stress Mitigation and Improved Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells via Lattice Matched Alkali Halide Passivation

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502659

Abhijit Singha, Ananta Paul, Nrita Gaur, Harmanjeet Singh Bilkhu, Anuraag Arya, Varun Bhalerao, Sudhanshu Mallick, K. R. Balasubramaniam, Dinesh Kabra

{"title":"Thermal Stress Mitigation and Improved Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells via Lattice Matched Alkali Halide Passivation","authors":"Abhijit Singha, Ananta Paul, Nrita Gaur, Harmanjeet Singh Bilkhu, Anuraag Arya, Varun Bhalerao, Sudhanshu Mallick, K. R. Balasubramaniam, Dinesh Kabra","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502659","url":null,"abstract":"This study utilizes a method to enhance the structural and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating an alkali halide interlayer between the electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite, which is known to improve device efficiency. This passivation technique significantly reduces residual stress within the perovskite at room temperature (3.68 MPa → 2.56 MPa) and maintains structural integrity under thermal cycling (−40 to 85 °C) as per IEC 61215: 2016 standards. Following 50 cycles, the treated film exhibits a minimal increase in residual stress (≈5.34 MPa), in contrast to the control film (≈29.72 MPa) based on Williamson-Hall 2θ – Sin2Ψ analysis. The incorporation of wide-bandgap alkali halides facilitates a strong lattice registry, thereby enhancing structural reliability. Moreover, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) confirms a reduction in defect formation, correlating with macroscopic lifetime studies. This also increases open circuit voltage (VOC) (1.08 V → 1.15 V) and device efficiency (17.9% → 20.6%). Notably, the treated device retains ≈71% of its initial PCE after 50 thermal cycles, whereas control devices ceased operation after 30 cycles due to thermal stress-induced interfacial delamination. This approach effectively prevents interlayer delamination, improving long-term structural reliability and, thereby, enabling efficient and thermally stable PSC deployment.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Eutectic Aluminum–Tin Alloy Substrate for Anode-Free Na Battery

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202411901

Ming Li, Xiongwei Gong, Yilong Hu, Yi Shuai, Yunong Zhou, Mingliang Wu, Xiaoyi Huangyang, Jinqi Huang, Yingpeng Wu

{"title":"A Eutectic Aluminum–Tin Alloy Substrate for Anode-Free Na Battery","authors":"Ming Li, Xiongwei Gong, Yilong Hu, Yi Shuai, Yunong Zhou, Mingliang Wu, Xiaoyi Huangyang, Jinqi Huang, Yingpeng Wu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202411901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411901","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the abundant availability of Na resources, Na batteries garner significant attention. Anode-free Na batteries, devoid of active negative materials, are deemed promising candidates for the next generation of high-energy-density Na batteries. The cyclic stability of anode-free Na batteries primarily hinges on the stability of the limited Na supplied by the cathode, and the design of the anode substrate plays a pivotal role. In this study, a cost-effective aluminum–tin eutectic alloy substrate is developed using a straightforward melting process. In eutectic alloy, tin element is present in its metallic form, which facilitates the disruption of the compactness of the Passivation film (Al2O3). Besides, tin metal and tin dioxide on the surface of the eutectic alloy show a strong Na affinity (strong binding energy with Na atom and lower Na nucleation barrier), thereby promoting the uniform nucleation of sodium. This eutectic alloy substrate enables highly reversible Na plating/stripping with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.97%, and the cycle life exceeds 4000 cycles. Coupling with Na3V2(PO4)3, the AlSn-2%-NVP full cell exhibits a capacity retention of up to 81% after 100 cycles, significantly outperforming coated carbon aluminum foils and aluminum foils. This study introduces an efficient approach to the anode-free Na battery.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Stretching Induced Highly Tunable and Reversible Mid-infrared Plasmonic Resonances in a Conductive Polymer Thin Film

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410462

Xiang Li, Yidan Hu, Youyi Ding, Haijun Zhao, Shu Zhu, Junhui Wang, Guangpeng Zhu, Wei Du, Tao Wang

{"title":"Mechanical Stretching Induced Highly Tunable and Reversible Mid-infrared Plasmonic Resonances in a Conductive Polymer Thin Film","authors":"Xiang Li, Yidan Hu, Youyi Ding, Haijun Zhao, Shu Zhu, Junhui Wang, Guangpeng Zhu, Wei Du, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410462","url":null,"abstract":"Mid-infrared plasmonic resonance enables nanoscale light confinement at mid-infrared frequencies, leading to various applications ranging from compact infrared lasers to biological and chemical sensing. However, upon fabricated, plasmonic resonators normally have a fixed resonance frequency, which limits their application frequency range and hinders the dynamic tuning potential. Here, with the flexible PEDOT:PSS ((poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)) conducting polymer as the plasmonic medium, highly tunable and reversible mid-infrared plasmonic resonances are demonstrated via mechanical stretching. Such plasmonic resonances, based on the stretching-induced grating-type morphology of the PEDOT:PSS thin-film, can be readily tuned across a large mid-infrared frequency range from ≈7500 to 1500 cm−1. In addition, the stretching-induced plasmonic resonances are well reversible in a recovery process and reproducible under 1000 stretching-recovery cycles. Furthermore, the stretching-induced plasmonic resonances also show the mid-infrared chemical sensing ability by enabling surface-enhanced infrared absorption of molecular moieties. The work paves a new way for the active tuning of mid-infrared plasmonic resonances, and will promote the development of flexible mid-infrared plasmonic devices.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Tier Cellular-Engineered Capillary Boiling

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202411784

Yao Wu, Zeyang Wang, Xiaolong Yang

引用次数: 0

Promoting Intermediate Stabilization and Coupling for Dimethyl Carbonate Electrosynthesis

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501780

Yuying Mi, Yuanyuan Xue, Yaqin Yan, Shuya Hao, Cejun Hu, Lijuan Zhang, Gengfeng Zheng

{"title":"Promoting Intermediate Stabilization and Coupling for Dimethyl Carbonate Electrosynthesis","authors":"Yuying Mi, Yuanyuan Xue, Yaqin Yan, Shuya Hao, Cejun Hu, Lijuan Zhang, Gengfeng Zheng","doi":"10.1002/smll.202501780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501780","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocatalytic coupling of methanol and CO to produce dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an attractive strategy for converting C1 resources into value-added products, while the controlled adsorption and coupling of two key intermediates, *CO and *OCH3, have not been demonstrated yet. Herein, a heterointerface engineering strategy is developed to modulate intermediate adsorption and facilitate the C─O bond formation. By constructing a Pd and PdO heterostructure catalyst with abundant interfaces (designated as Pd/PdO-r), the Pd0 sites serve to stabilize *CO and the electrophilic Pd2+ sites can promote the *OCH3 adsorption, thereby optimizing their spatial proximity and reactivity. In addition, the heterointerfaces allow to lower the coupling reaction barrier, enabling an efficient electrocatalytic pathway for the DMC synthesis. Consequently, the Pd/PdO-r heterostructure catalyst exhibited a high Faradaic efficiency of 86% with a DMC yield rate of 252 µmol h−1 mgcat−1 in flow cells. The work suggests an effective approach to design heterointerfaces for enhanced intermediate adsorption and coupling, thus promoting the formation of valuable multicarbon products from C1 resources.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydroxylation of Cu Sites Enhances Selectivity of Electrosynthesis of Ethanol via Tandem Reduction of CO2

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410135

Teng Zhang, Xueya Dai, Yihong Yu, Xin Cui, Yunlong Li, Gaowu Qin, Wei Qi, Song Li

引用次数: 0

Photocurable Dual-Network Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers for Sutureless Repair of Large Corneal Defects

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500150

Qing Li, Ruyin Zhang, Chengpei Ouyang, Shuo Wang, Shanshan Li, Xinchao Yin, Zimeng Deng, Baoqin Han, Jinhua Chi

{"title":"Photocurable Dual-Network Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers for Sutureless Repair of Large Corneal Defects","authors":"Qing Li, Ruyin Zhang, Chengpei Ouyang, Shuo Wang, Shanshan Li, Xinchao Yin, Zimeng Deng, Baoqin Han, Jinhua Chi","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500150","url":null,"abstract":"Corneal transplantation remains the prevailing treatment for corneal defects, which is always restricted by donor shortages and numerous postoperative complications accompanying suturing. Photocurable hydrogels have emerged as alternative therapeutic strategies for the repair of corneal defects, but most hydrogels focus on repairing focal corneal defects and still suffer from low transparency and poor mechanical properties. Herein, photocurable hydrogel GelMA/OCS composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) is developed for sutureless repair of large corneal defects (6 mm). This injectable hybridized hydrogel demonstrates excellent transparency, low swelling rate, enhanced mechanical properties, and superior adhesion properties. In vitro experiments reveal that GelMA/OCS hydrogel can support the proliferation and migration, and adhesion growth of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), demonstrating satisfactory cytocompatibility and cell affinity. In addition, GelMA/OCS hydrogel is capable of accurately filling the large corneal defects in rabbits and forming hydrogel grafts with smooth surfaces. Postoperative slit lamp, histological evaluation, and transcriptomic analysis reveal that GelMA/OCS hydrogel can significantly facilitate corneal re-epithelialization and the integration and reconstruction of stromal structures, as well as reduce inflammation responses and scar formation. Therefore, GelMA/OCS hydrogel may provide a promising alternative for the sutureless treatment of large corneal defects.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polyolefin Recycling with Binary Cobalt–Nickel Nanosheets

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502431

Baogang Su, Mengjun Wang, Xiaofei Lai, Yong Xu

引用次数: 0