IF 13 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202503945

Zihan Xu, Ao Zeng, Hong Zhang, Rongbin Dang, Hua He, Yanwu Zhai, Enyue Zhao, Xiaoling Xiao

{"title":"One-Step Carbonization Tailored Functional Groups and Micropores toward Fast and Durable Na-Ion Storage in Hard Carbon.","authors":"Zihan Xu, Ao Zeng, Hong Zhang, Rongbin Dang, Hua He, Yanwu Zhai, Enyue Zhao, Xiaoling Xiao","doi":"10.1002/smll.202503945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503945","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion batteries offer a cost-effective solution for energy storage and fast charging, but developing anodes with high capacity, fast charging, and long cycle life remains challenging. Micropores combined with specific functional groups constitute the most ideal design for facilitating pseudocapacitive reactions in hard carbon anode. However, there has been scarce research in this field because the methods for customizing micropores and functional groups are different. This study presents a simple one-step carbonization method using chitosan and NaNH2 to synthesize hard carbon anodes with micropores and functional groups, enhancing pseudocapacitive sodium storage. The micropores with a high specific surface area significantly shorten the diffusion path of sodium ions, while the carbon skeleton, with its abundant surface-active sites, enables the rapid absorption and desorption of sodium ions. By providing abundant and reversible Na⁺ adsorption sites and effectively mitigating volume expansion, the anode demonstrates excellent rate performance (100 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 A g⁻¹) and outstanding cycling stability (138.4% capacity retention after 3500 cycles). These features contribute to its exceptional overall performance, providing a cost-effective solution for durable and high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e2503945"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

pH-Dependent Structural Changes in Polyethyleneimine Affect its Gene Transfection Efficiency ph依赖性聚乙烯亚胺结构改变影响其基因转染效率

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202411293

Shivalika Sharma, Manjari Mishra, Aswin T Srivatsav, Kamendra P. Sharma, Shobhna Kapoor

{"title":"pH-Dependent Structural Changes in Polyethyleneimine Affect its Gene Transfection Efficiency","authors":"Shivalika Sharma, Manjari Mishra, Aswin T Srivatsav, Kamendra P. Sharma, Shobhna Kapoor","doi":"10.1002/smll.202411293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411293","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a polymeric non-viral vector for gene delivery, shows rich pH-dependent behavior. This results in PEI exhibiting a proton-sponge mechanism during transfection. Recent studies show PEI chains can themselves undergo a specific type of self-assembly in low-pH environment. Such assemblies can affect transfection specifically if PEI/PEI-DNA polyplexes are subjected to such pH conditions. However, the understanding of the correlation between variations in solution pH in which the free PEI chains are conditioned and gene transfection remains limited. Here, it is shown that an interplay of pH-driven protonation of amines and a pH-specific hierarchical micro-structuration in branched PEI alters gene transfection in a temporal fashion. While conditioning of PEI chains in an aqueous solution at pH 1.4 prior to DNA complexation at pH 7.4 renders ~ 2 times efficient transfection, PEI chains routed through pH 3.0 show spatiotemporal deterioration. The decreased transfection is attributed to the self-assembly of PEI chains between pH 2.5–4.0 to form micron-sized fibrils, leading to poor cellular uptake and diminished nuclear localization. This study, therefore, unfolds the pH landscape and conditioning times of free PEI chains before DNA complexation under that efficient/inefficient gene transfection can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144193088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanoparticle Therapeutics in Clinical Perspective: Classification, Marketed Products, and Regulatory Landscape 纳米颗粒治疗的临床前景：分类，上市产品和监管前景

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502315

Nimeet Desai, Dhwani Rana, Mitali Patel, Neha Bajwa, Rajendra Prasad, Lalitkumar K. Vora

{"title":"Nanoparticle Therapeutics in Clinical Perspective: Classification, Marketed Products, and Regulatory Landscape","authors":"Nimeet Desai, Dhwani Rana, Mitali Patel, Neha Bajwa, Rajendra Prasad, Lalitkumar K. Vora","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502315","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle-based therapeutics, emerging from advances in nanotechnology, outperform traditional drug therapies by virtue of their distinct biological properties that enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce toxicity, and enable precise targeting. Since the 1980s, the number of nanoparticle-based pharmaceutical products has expanded considerably, capturing a significant portion of the pharmaceutical market. These systems function as therapeutic agents or as vehicles for delivering active pharmaceutical or diagnostic compounds to targeted areas. However, despite their transformative potential, the development of comprehensive and harmonized regulatory frameworks for nanomedicines remains a critical challenge. This review provides a current overview of market-approved nanoparticle therapeutics, analyzing global regulatory strategies, including pre-clinical testing, safety assessments, manufacturing processes, and quality control standards. By discussing the existing shortcomings, this review highlights the importance of adaptive regulatory pathways in a global context. It aims to support researchers and stakeholders in navigating the regulatory landscape, facilitating the successful commercialization and clinical translation of nanoparticle-based therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144193125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Activation of Surface Lattice Oxygen Over Nanosheet LaFeO3 with La Vacancy for Boosting Catalysis and Energy Conversion La空位对LaFeO3纳米片表面点阵氧的活化促进催化和能量转化

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502049

Jiangpeng Wang, Yi Liu, Jinxing Mi, Yajun Ding, Liangzhu Zhang, Xiaoming Su, Jiaxin Ma, Yi Wang, Yuejiao Li, Yunyun Xu, Zhong‐Shuai Wu

{"title":"Activation of Surface Lattice Oxygen Over Nanosheet LaFeO3 with La Vacancy for Boosting Catalysis and Energy Conversion","authors":"Jiangpeng Wang, Yi Liu, Jinxing Mi, Yajun Ding, Liangzhu Zhang, Xiaoming Su, Jiaxin Ma, Yi Wang, Yuejiao Li, Yunyun Xu, Zhong‐Shuai Wu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502049","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation of A‐site vacancy and activation of lattice oxygen (Olatt) are crucial for maximizing the chemical properties of perovskites (ABO3) catalysts for functional applications. Herein, an effective La vacancy (VLa) creation strategy is reported to activate surface Olatt species over 2D ultrathin LaFeO3 (2D‐U‐LFO) nanosheets by introducing urea, which can precisely modulate their physicochemical properties and thus remarkably enhance catalysis and energy conversion. The contained surface VLa of 2D‐U‐LFO nanosheet generates more reduced Fe─O bonding and activated Olatt species, thereby the resulted 2D‐U‐LFO exhibits remarkably improved catalytic oxidation performance than that of pristine LaFeO3 and bulk LaFeO3 with activated Olatt species. Further, 2D‐U‐LFO cathode for Li‐O2 battery also displays a higher specific capacity of 24251 mAh g−1 and longer cyclability of 1600 h than pristine LFO (10495 mAh g−1, 200 h). It is theoretically revealed that the surface VLa over LFO can promote Li2O2 adsorption. This proposed strategy will pave a novel avenue to develop vacancy‐meditated ABO3 in sheet structure for boosting functional applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tweaking Unimolecular Micellar Nanoarchitecture for Drug Delivery in Tumor Xenograft Mice Models 调整单分子胶束纳米结构用于肿瘤移植小鼠模型的药物传递

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202503155

Shahidkhan Pathan, Manickam Jayakannan

{"title":"Tweaking Unimolecular Micellar Nanoarchitecture for Drug Delivery in Tumor Xenograft Mice Models","authors":"Shahidkhan Pathan, Manickam Jayakannan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202503155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503155","url":null,"abstract":"Uncontrolled rapture of prodrug nano-formulation under physiological concentration gradient is a bottleneck in the effective delivery of anticancer drugs to solid tumors in vivo. The present investigation reports macromolecular nano-compartmentalization in single polymer chain micellar nanoparticle (or unimolecular micelle nanoparticle, UMNp) and demonstrates its therapeutic efficacies in pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model. The UMNp is engineered in a six-arm enzymatic-biodegradable polycaprolactone star-polymer by employing a divergent approach using identical chemical constituents but varying the arms-lengths. The tiny <25 nm sized core–shell UMNp is found to be non-toxic, non-hemolytic, and highly efficient in loading 14% of clinical drug doxorubicin (DOX). UMNp undergoes biodegradation at the intracellular endo-lysosomal compartments and exhibited substantial growth inhibition in multiple cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 (breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 (triple-negative breast cancers), and MIA PaCa 2 (pancreatic cancer) at very low IC50 values. Strikingly, the DOX delivered from the UMNp platform demonstrate more than a 90% reduction in tumor volume in MIA PaCa 2 tumor-bearing mice. Biodistribution via IVIS-imaging using deep tissue-penetrable near-infrared IR-780-loaded UMNp establish high tissue penetration and longer retention in tumor-bearing mice and substantiate their excellent efficacy in solid tumor regression.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144193080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Azobenzene-Based Liquid Molecular Solar Thermal (MOST) Storage System–Energy Carrier and Solvent 基于偶氮苯的液体分子太阳能热（MOST）存储系统——能量载体和溶剂

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502938

Dominic Schatz, Conrad Averdunk, Rouven Fritzius, Hermann A. Wegner

{"title":"An Azobenzene-Based Liquid Molecular Solar Thermal (MOST) Storage System–Energy Carrier and Solvent","authors":"Dominic Schatz, Conrad Averdunk, Rouven Fritzius, Hermann A. Wegner","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502938","url":null,"abstract":"A molecular solar thermal (MOST) storage systems is based on capturing solar energy via photoisomerization, which can be released later as thermal energy. Herein, the low viscosity, green light active, 2,6-difluoroazobenzene is introduced, which can be efficiently irradiated, pumped, and handled in its neat state. Synthesis as well as isomerization can be done conveniently in a continuous flow setup. Storage densities of 218 kJ kg−1 for 100% (Z)-isomer (137 kJ kg−1 after green light irradiation) are the highest compared to other liquid azobenzenes (ABs). Additionally, the irradiation with green light and the processibility in the neat state make this compound a promising candidate for energy storage applications. Furthermore, the liquid AB can be employed as a MOST-active solvent. For example, the solvation of an electrolyte is demonstrated to induce a measurable conductivity, which then allows for complete electron-catalyzed back-isomerization. Alternatively, it can act as a solvent for a higher energy MOST material. As a proof-of-concept a norbornadiene (NBD) is dissolved in the AB solvent allowing to utilize the energy of the NBD as well as the AB solvent. Further optimization of the solute-solvents systems is required to fully harvest the potential of this new concept for efficient energy storage.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Stability Ionic Conductive Filtering Transistors for Bio-Inspired Signal Processing. 用于仿生信号处理的高稳定性离子导电滤波晶体管。

IF 13 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502874

Wanrong Liu, Jingwen Wang, Pengshan Xie, Xiangxiang Feng, Yunchao Xu, Chenxing Jin, Xiaofang Shi, Ruihan Li, Johnny C Ho, Junliang Yang, Jia Sun

{"title":"High-Stability Ionic Conductive Filtering Transistors for Bio-Inspired Signal Processing.","authors":"Wanrong Liu, Jingwen Wang, Pengshan Xie, Xiangxiang Feng, Yunchao Xu, Chenxing Jin, Xiaofang Shi, Ruihan Li, Johnny C Ho, Junliang Yang, Jia Sun","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502874","url":null,"abstract":"Applying low-pass filters in satellite communications effectively eliminates unwanted high-frequency signals and noise during image capture, mirroring the human brain's selective filtering of sensory stimuli. To enhance the efficiency of signal processing for remote sensing images, a neuromorphic information processing array based on oxide field-effect transistors are developed with HfO2-lithium aluminium germanium phosphate (LAGP)-HfO2 stacked dielectric (HLH FETs). The Li-ion solid-state electrolytes are stabilized in complex environments (extreme temperature and magnetic field) due to the protective sandwich structure. Meanwhile, the excellent insulating properties and Li-ion isolation effect of the high-k dielectric layer ensure a long-term reliable neuromorphic response for low-pass filtering (over one year in air). Hardware modules derived from HLH FETs are not only applicable to image processing but also show promising potential in edge computing and artificial intelligence, facilitating pattern recognition and noise reduction through biomimetic low-pass filtering functions. This innovative approach offers a new solution for modern satellite remote sensing technology and signal processing.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e2502874"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formation of Non-Amphiphilic Vesicles in Organic Solvents. 有机溶剂中非两亲性囊泡的形成。

IF 13 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202503015

Shuaihu Yan, Jianchuan Liu, Lei Liu, Hai-Chen Wu

{"title":"Formation of Non-Amphiphilic Vesicles in Organic Solvents.","authors":"Shuaihu Yan, Jianchuan Liu, Lei Liu, Hai-Chen Wu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202503015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503015","url":null,"abstract":"Vesicles are widely utilized in both chemistry and biology; however, most existing vesicular structures are composed of amphiphilic units and form in aqueous solutions. Here, the construction of a novel type of non-amphiphilic vesicle composed of pillar[5]arene derivatives in organic solvents is reported. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) characterization reveal that these molecules self-assemble into hollow vesicular structures across various solvents. Concentration-dependent experiments in acetonitrile demonstrate that assembly occurs at an exceptionally low concentration threshold (≈2 × 10-9 m) and remains stable over a broad concentration range (≈2 × 10-9 m to 4 × 10-4 m). Furthermore, the vesicles exhibit remarkable stability, persisting for over nine months. Mechanistic studies suggest that their assembly is influenced by the strength of interactions between solvent molecules and pillar[5]arene. Fluorescence measurements further indicate that different solvents modulate the fluorescence intensity of the vesicular assembly, enabling the differentiation of haloalkane isomers.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e2503015"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double-Layered Microcracks Coupled Strain Sensors with High Sensitivity and Wide Working Range 高灵敏度、宽工作范围双层微裂纹耦合应变传感器

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412321

Zihao Wang, Cuiyuan Liang, Jing Sun, Yuanhe Yang, Jiaxue Sun, Gongwei Tian, Dan Yang, Qinyi Zhao, Hua Liu, Cong Ma, Xuelin Zhang, Yu Wang, Ying Jiang, Yan Liu, Dianpeng Qi

{"title":"Double-Layered Microcracks Coupled Strain Sensors with High Sensitivity and Wide Working Range","authors":"Zihao Wang, Cuiyuan Liang, Jing Sun, Yuanhe Yang, Jiaxue Sun, Gongwei Tian, Dan Yang, Qinyi Zhao, Hua Liu, Cong Ma, Xuelin Zhang, Yu Wang, Ying Jiang, Yan Liu, Dianpeng Qi","doi":"10.1002/smll.202412321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412321","url":null,"abstract":"The flexible strain sensor is a crucial component of wearable technology, offering considerable potential for monitoring physiological signals. Notably, strain sensors based on nanomaterial thin films have gained much attention from researchers due to their excellent performance and ease of preparation. Nevertheless, challenges remain, such as the rapid expansion of cracks in rigid conductive films under strain, which greatly reduces the working range of the sensors. Soft conductive films characterized by small cracks can lead to low sensitivity. This study introduces a novel conductive strategy centered on the double-layered microcracks of gold/PPy (Polypyrrole) composite films. The as-prepared strain sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity with a GF (gauge factor) of ≈3.604 × 107, an expansive working range spanning from 0% to 60%, high strain resolution at 0.02%, and commendable cycling stability. The crack formation and sensing mechanisms are thoroughly investigated, elucidating the key role of the double-layered microcracks in enhancing sensing performance. Ultimately, the practicality of the developed sensors for human health monitoring and human–machine interaction is demonstrated by the accurate detection of vital signs, body motions, weight, and sounds, and the transmission of encrypted messages.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144193078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flash Joule Heating Synthesis of Nitrogen-Rich Defective G-C₃N₄ for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution 闪光焦耳加热合成富氮缺陷G-C₃N₄用于高效光催化析氢

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202503335

Jiawei Xiao, Yun Chen, Chuhao Cai, Shengbao Lai, Liang Cheng, Junjie Zhang, Wenxuan Zhu, Yuanhui Guo, Maoxiang Hou, Li Ma, Wanqun Chen, Xin Chen, Ching-Ping Wong

{"title":"Flash Joule Heating Synthesis of Nitrogen-Rich Defective G-C₃N₄ for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution","authors":"Jiawei Xiao, Yun Chen, Chuhao Cai, Shengbao Lai, Liang Cheng, Junjie Zhang, Wenxuan Zhu, Yuanhui Guo, Maoxiang Hou, Li Ma, Wanqun Chen, Xin Chen, Ching-Ping Wong","doi":"10.1002/smll.202503335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503335","url":null,"abstract":"Seeking renewable energy solutions that are sustainable and environmentally friendly is a critical contemporary research imperative. This paper presents a flash Joule heating approach to prepare high-performance nitrogen-rich defective graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) for hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting at ultralow cost. By leveraging the rapid heating and cooling capabilities of flash Joule heating, and using melamine as the sole precursor, defects are introduced and precisely regulated while preserving the structural integrity of as-synthesized prepared g-C₃N₄. By tuning the processing parameters, the band structure of g-C₃N₄ can also be optimized, which can significantly suppress electron-hole recombination and substantially enhance its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from splitting water. As a result, a hydrogen evolution rate of 16936.5 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ for Pt/g-C₃N₄ is achieved, which is comparable to the leading benchmarks in the field. Through a life cycle assessment (LCA) and a cradle-to-gate techno-economic assessment (TEA), this method reduces costs to 1/12, energy consumption to 1/23, and CO₂ emissions to less than 1/8 of those associated with the thermal polymerization approach under equivalent conditions. These results underscore the exceptional advantages of the developed method in cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability, offering a robust scientific foundation for the industrial-scale production of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144193075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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