Integrated Electrochromic‐Electromagnetic Shielding‐Energy Storage Smart Window Based on PEDOT@Fe3O4 Core–Shell Functional Layer

IF 12.1 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Small Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI:10.1002/smll.202507963

Taolin Zhang, Siying Guan, Zhicheng Sun, Shouzheng Jiao, Zhengyu Chen, Siqiao Zhang, Yuwei Hao, Rui ma, Lu Han, Ruping Liu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Amid intensifying energy and electromagnetic (EM)‐pollution pressures, smart windows that couple light modulation with EM protection are urgently needed. Electrochromic (EC) windows offer low power and high contrast; however, multifunctional EC devices often suffer from structural complexity and unstable interfaces, impeding integration. Here, therefore a WO3–PEDOT@Fe3O4 composite cathode paired with a Prussian blue (PB) anode is engineered to assemble an electromagnetic‐shielding smart window (ESSW). Specifically, the ESSW delivers 53% UV–vis modulation at 611 nm, fast switching (3.1 s coloration; 4.7 s bleaching), high coloration efficiency (104.7 cm2 C−1), and durable cycling (93.4% of the initial current density after 600 cycles). Moreover, the ESSW cathode exhibits a capacitive contribution of 86.4% and an areal capacitance of 25.12 mF cm−2 at a discharge current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. Owing to multiple loss pathways introduced by PEDOT@Fe3O4, the EMI shielding effectiveness consequently rises from 15.3 dB (WO3‐ECD) to 31.8 dB (ESSW). Furthermore, a 10 cm × 10 cm spray‐coated prototype demonstrates scalability and, in a sunroom scenario, reduces indoor EM‐radiation intensity from 108.2 to 19.2 µW cm−2. Such smart windows, integrating electrochromism, energy storage, and EMI shielding, show strong application potential in aerospace, energy‐efficient buildings, and defense equipment.

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基于PEDOT@Fe3O4核壳功能层的集成电致变色-电磁屏蔽-储能智能窗口

随着能源和电磁污染压力的加剧，迫切需要将光调制与电磁保护相结合的智能窗户。电致变色（EC）窗口提供低功耗和高对比度；然而，多功能电子商务设备往往结构复杂，接口不稳定，阻碍了集成。因此，在这里，WO3 - PEDOT@Fe3O4复合阴极与普鲁士蓝（PB）阳极配对，以组装电磁屏蔽智能窗口（ESSW）。具体来说，ESSW在611 nm处提供53%的紫外-可见调制，快速切换（3.1 s显色；4.7 s漂白），高显色效率（104.7 cm2 C−1），持久循环（600次循环后初始电流密度的93.4%）。此外，在放电电流密度为0.2 mA cm - 2时，ESSW阴极的电容贡献为86.4%，面电容为25.12 mF cm - 2。由于PEDOT@Fe3O4引入了多个损耗路径，因此EMI屏蔽效率从15.3 dB （WO3‐ECD）上升到31.8 dB （ESSW）。此外，一个10厘米× 10厘米的喷涂原型展示了可扩展性，并且在日光室场景中，将室内电磁辐射强度从108.2µW cm - 2降低到19.2µW cm - 2。这种集电致变色、能量储存和电磁干扰屏蔽于一体的智能窗户，在航空航天、节能建筑和国防设备方面显示出强大的应用潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Small 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

17.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments. With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.