IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75122

Shiqin Ding, Tian Chen, Jiahao Liang, Hailin Li, Hepeng Wang, Yuecheng Hu, Zhouti Wang, Jiangsheng Xie, Pingqi Gao

{"title":"Inhibiting Buried Mechanical Failure via Vapor-Induced Chemical Reconstruction for Durable Solar Cells","authors":"Shiqin Ding, Tian Chen, Jiahao Liang, Hailin Li, Hepeng Wang, Yuecheng Hu, Zhouti Wang, Jiangsheng Xie, Pingqi Gao","doi":"10.1002/smll.75122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Tin dioxide (SnO2) is widely used as the electron transport layer (ETL) in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve high efficiency. We reveal that reactive surface species on SnO2 trigger a chemical degradation pathway that induces mechanical failure at the buried interface, which is manifested as cracks and voids. These volume defects severely impede charge-carrier extraction and thus cause the degradation of PSCs under operational conditions. We report an effective ethanol vapor-induced reconstruction (EVR) strategy that fundamentally modifies the surface chemistry of SnO2. This process converts the surface hydroxyl groups into a robust, covalently anchored acetate passivation layer via a facile gas-solid reaction, simultaneously passivating the oxygen vacancies. The strategy effectively enhances the chemical stability of the buried interface and suppresses the generation of cracks and voids caused by light-induced degradation. As a result, the optimized EVR n-i-p PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.19%. Furthermore, the EVR device showed improved stabilized power output and long-term operational stability under light soaking, demonstrating the key role of robustness at the buried interface.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ligand-Mediated Nuclearity Tuning of Tin Oxo Clusters for Advanced Lithography 先进光刻技术中锡氧簇配体介导的核调谐

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75331

Seong-Ji Ha, Jin Young Lee, Bo Kyu Kwon, Seung Gyu Gyeong, Doojin Jeon, Ji-Hyun Jang

{"title":"Ligand-Mediated Nuclearity Tuning of Tin Oxo Clusters for Advanced Lithography","authors":"Seong-Ji Ha, Jin Young Lee, Bo Kyu Kwon, Seung Gyu Gyeong, Doojin Jeon, Ji-Hyun Jang","doi":"10.1002/smll.75331","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75331","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid tin oxo clusters (SnOCs) have emerged as promising molecular resists for electron-beam (EB) and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; however, their patterning mechanisms remain poorly understood due to the coupled effects of ligand electronics, cluster nuclearity, and electron-induced fragmentation. In this study, we demonstrate a ligand-mediated nuclearity tuning strategy that enables the selective synthesis of Sn6- and Sn3-based clusters using electron-donating carboxylate and electron-withdrawing diphenylphosphinate ligands, respectively. Density functional theory calculations, electrostatic potential analysis, and bond dissociation energy evaluations show that ligand electronic properties dictate the preferred electron-driven cleavage pathways. Sn6 clusters predominantly undergo Sn–alkyl bond scission, whereas aromatic phosphinate ligands in Sn3 clusters stabilize the framework and suppress ligand fragmentation. These trends are supported by XPS and TOF-SIMS analyses, which reveal extensive alkyl cleavage and organic–inorganic crosslinking in Sn6-based resists, in contrast to minimal ligand decomposition and a robust Sn─O─P network in Sn3 systems. As a result, Sn6 clusters exhibit high EB sensitivity (D0 = 285 µC cm−2) and sub-30 nm resolution, while Sn3 clusters deliver ultra-low line-edge roughness (1.02 nm) and excellent pattern fidelity. This work identifies nuclearity as a chemically tunable parameter for rational molecular-resist design.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/smll.75331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transparent Photovoltaic Technologies: Materials, Device Physics, Trade-Offs, and Future Directions 透明光伏技术：材料、器件物理、权衡与未来方向。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-09-07 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75643

Manasvi Raj, Amaan Saifi, Gaurav Kumar, Harshit Kumar Barnwal, Neeraj Goel

{"title":"Transparent Photovoltaic Technologies: Materials, Device Physics, Trade-Offs, and Future Directions","authors":"Manasvi Raj, Amaan Saifi, Gaurav Kumar, Harshit Kumar Barnwal, Neeraj Goel","doi":"10.1002/smll.75643","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75643","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Transparent photovoltaics (TPVs) are a transformative solar technology that can simultaneously generate electricity and transmit visible light, making them well-suited for integration into windows, building facades, vehicles, and wearable electronics. Unlike conventional opaque solar cells, which require surface areas for installation, TPVs expand the usable area for solar energy conversion without compromising architectural and visual harmony. This review examines recent advances in TPVs technologies, with a particular focus on material systems, device physics, device architecture, and emerging applications. TPVs materials include perovskites, organic semiconductors, quantum-dots, and thin-film silicon. The advanced transparent conductive electrodes are systematically discussed in terms of optical selectivity, charge transport, and operational stability. This review also addresses the trade-off between achieving optical transparency while maintaining competitive power conversion efficiency, identifying key scientific barriers that currently limit commercial implementation. The particular attention is given to challenges surrounding large-scale manufacturing, environmental degradation, color neutrality, and the lack of standardized testing and evaluation protocols. The application of TPVs includes smart windows, agrivoltaics, automotive systems, and self-powered electronics. The review concludes by outlining future directions such as tandem cell designs, photonic engineering, and sustainable TPVs system, while highlighting the questions that remain unresolved.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148899908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamically Switchable Electromagnetic Responsive Materials: Enabling Reconfigurable Absorption, Shielding and Transmission 动态切换电磁响应材料：实现可重构吸收、屏蔽和传输。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75581

Lin Zhu, Chuyang Liu, Yujing Zhang, Congcong Hu, Xintong Yao, Sunan Liu, Qi Qian, Laifa Shen, Guangbin Ji

{"title":"Dynamically Switchable Electromagnetic Responsive Materials: Enabling Reconfigurable Absorption, Shielding and Transmission","authors":"Lin Zhu, Chuyang Liu, Yujing Zhang, Congcong Hu, Xintong Yao, Sunan Liu, Qi Qian, Laifa Shen, Guangbin Ji","doi":"10.1002/smll.75581","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75581","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 In recent years, intelligent materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and absorption are increasingly desirable for the rapid developments of 5G technology, electronic devices and military equipment. However, the majority of current studies are constrained by fixed functionality and properties, lacking the ability to dynamically respond to the complex and variable environments. The effective solution would be an efficient dynamic switching between electromagnetic wave transmission, absorption, and shielding functionalities. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the factors influencing the dynamic switching capability of electromagnetic responses from the perspectives of both self-adaptive dynamic switching and dynamic switching under external field control. The working principles, structural designs, and functional methodologies of materials exhibiting instantaneous dynamic switching in their electromagnetic response are also summarized. Moreover, an outlook on the developmental trends of highly efficient materials with reversible electromagnetic functions is provided, and the challenges associated with designing efficient and real-time dynamic switching devices are thoroughly identified and analyzed. These insights are expected to drive transformative progress in the evolution of multifunctional intelligent electromagnetic response systems, paving the way for enhanced performance and adaptability levels.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ligand-Mediated Nuclearity Tuning of Tin Oxo Clusters for Advanced Lithography (Small 58/2026) 配体介导的锡氧簇核调谐用于先进光刻（Small 58/2026）

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76001

Seong-Ji Ha, Jin Young Lee, Bo Kyu Kwon, Seung Gyu Gyeong, Doojin Jeon, Ji-Hyun Jang

引用次数: 0

Hierarchical Porous Carbons for High‐Rate Aqueous Supercapacitors: Tuning Pore Sizes by Molecular Design of Carbon Dots as Self‐Templates 用于高速率水性超级电容器的分层多孔碳：通过碳点作为自模板的分子设计来调节孔径

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76319

Xi‐Rong Zhang, Hao‐Wen Sun, Ling Xiao, Yong‐Gang Wang, Huan‐Ming Xiong

引用次数: 0

Dual Metabolic Inhibition Via Vanadium–NO Synergistic Nanoplatform Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy 通过钒- no协同纳米平台双重代谢抑制增强癌症免疫治疗

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76361

Ruizhi Tian, Ze Song, Zhengyi Lan, Qing Liu, Ziyi Cheng, Bicheng Han, Ming Ma, Hangrong Chen

{"title":"Dual Metabolic Inhibition Via Vanadium–NO Synergistic Nanoplatform Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Ruizhi Tian, Ze Song, Zhengyi Lan, Qing Liu, Ziyi Cheng, Bicheng Han, Ming Ma, Hangrong Chen","doi":"10.1002/smll.76361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76361","url":null,"abstract":"Immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal strategy in cancer treatment. However, tumor metabolic reprogramming not only promotes cancer cell survival but also fosters an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby hindering immune activation. To address these challenges, we developed a novel multifunctional hybrid nanoplatform, termed VTLM, via microfluidics‐assisted self‐assembly of bioactive vanadium species and an arginine‐based nitric oxide (NO) donor. This nanoplatform synergistically modulates tumor metabolism to potentiate antitumor immunity. Specifically, we observed that vanadium species in VTLM reduce pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression and enzymatic activity, which may contribute to the suppression of tumor glycolysis, while tumor cell‐targeted NO release induces mitochondrial damage, ultimately enforcing a dual metabolic blockade. This strategy overcomes the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells, a major obstacle in single‐pathway metabolic targeting. Importantly, VTLM‐induced metabolic collapse not only drives lactate depletion within the TME but also promotes immunogenic cell death, thereby reversing immunosuppression and amplifying antitumor responses. Furthermore, VTLM exhibited marked therapeutic efficacy in a 4T1 subcutaneous tumor model, achieving an 80.7% tumor weight‐based inhibition rate alongside robust intratumoral immune activation. Collectively, this study establishes a nanoplatform centered on multi‐metabolic regulation, which may hold potential for further preclinical evaluation as a strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical and Biological Determinants of PEG-Lipid Shedding From Therapeutic Nanoparticles 治疗性纳米颗粒中聚乙二醇脂质脱落的化学和生物学决定因素。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75613

Ethan P. Cisneros, Aadya S. Wijesekera, Lisa R. Volpatti

{"title":"Chemical and Biological Determinants of PEG-Lipid Shedding From Therapeutic Nanoparticles","authors":"Ethan P. Cisneros, Aadya S. Wijesekera, Lisa R. Volpatti","doi":"10.1002/smll.75613","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75613","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids are widely used to engineer the interfacial properties of lipid-based nanomaterials, where they play a central role in governing colloidal stability and biological interactions. By forming a steric barrier at the nanoparticle surface, PEG-lipids reduce protein adsorption and extend circulation times. Additionally, PEG-lipids are increasingly functionalized with targeting moieties, representing a primary strategy to enable selective delivery. However, accumulating evidence indicates that PEG-lipids are not static components but instead undergo dynamic dissociation, or “shedding,” upon exposure to biological environments. This interfacial exchange process alters nanoparticle behavior, promoting protein adsorption and accelerating clearance, while also enabling cellular interactions that facilitate uptake. Here, we present a conceptual framework for understanding PEG-lipid shedding as a coupled thermodynamic and kinetic process influenced by lipid chemical structure, nanocarrier membrane properties, and interactions with biomolecules. By synthesizing recent findings across experimental systems, we identify key factors that link PEG-lipid composition and nanoparticle architecture to desorption kinetics and biological outcomes. These insights provide guidance for the design of PEGylated nanomaterials with improved control over interfacial stability, immune recognition, and functional performance.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/smll.75613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding and Mitigating Charge-Trapping Induced Transfer Curve Drift in Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors. 理解和减轻电解门控石墨烯场效应晶体管中电荷俘获引起的转移曲线漂移。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202514805

João Mouro, Tiago Pereira, Tiago Dias, Mohammadmahdi Faraji, Rui Campos, Jérôme Borme, Pedro Alpuim

{"title":"Understanding and Mitigating Charge-Trapping Induced Transfer Curve Drift in Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors.","authors":"João Mouro, Tiago Pereira, Tiago Dias, Mohammadmahdi Faraji, Rui Campos, Jérôme Borme, Pedro Alpuim","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514805","url":null,"abstract":"Electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors (EG-gFETs) have great potential for chemical and biosensing applications and are increasingly attractive platforms for synaptic or memristive elements in neuromorphic computing. However, EG-gFETs exhibit drift in their electrical response, a phenomenon that remains poorly understood. An in-depth understanding of EG-gFETs' responses is essential for fully exploiting their behavior in applications and to open a much-needed discussion and standardization of practices within the community. In this work, we show that drift is ubiquitous across all tested devices and experimental conditions, and present evidence indicating that it is driven by progressive charge trapping in the insulating layer beneath the graphene channel. We then discuss potential strategies to mitigate drift, including alternative interrogation schemes and fabrication processes. Additionally, we propose approaches to enhance signal readability and facilitate discrimination of the signal from noise and false-positive responses in biosensing applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e14805"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bismuth-Triggered Copper Release From CuS Nanosheets Enables Synergistic Ion-Interference and Chemodynamic/Photothermal Therapy. 铋触发的cu纳米片铜释放实现协同离子干扰和化学动力学/光热治疗。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76305

Ziwei Su, Hongkang Xu, Zhuping Su, Kangliang Sheng, Shan Gao

{"title":"Bismuth-Triggered Copper Release From CuS Nanosheets Enables Synergistic Ion-Interference and Chemodynamic/Photothermal Therapy.","authors":"Ziwei Su, Hongkang Xu, Zhuping Su, Kangliang Sheng, Shan Gao","doi":"10.1002/smll.76305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76305","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the promising potential of Cu-based nanozymes in cancer therapy, the therapeutic efficacy remains limited by the difficulty of achieving controlled Cu-ion release without compromising lattice integrity and catalytic activity. Herein, we developed a therapeutic nanoplatform utilizing bismuth (Bi)-doping techniques to control the release of copper (Cu) ions, enabling synergistic ion interference therapy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for tumor treatment. Based on the instability of Bi-based compounds in the tumor microenvironment (TME), Bi ions are preferentially released from Bi-doped CuS nanosheets (Bi-CuS NSs), exposing more Cu vacancies and facilitating Cu ion release compared to CuS NSs. More importantly, upon cellular internalization, the released copper ions induce ionic homeostasis disruption, leading to cuproptosis in liver cancer cells. Simultaneously, the Cu vacancies generated by ion release enhance the peroxidase-like activity to produce more reactive oxygen species and improve the photothermal conversion efficiency to induce localized hyperthermia, synergistically amplifying tumor cell destruction. Consequently, Bi-CuS NSs exhibit excellent potential for synergistic metal ion interference and photothermal/chemodynamic therapy, enabling the multimodal treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study presents a Bi-mediated strategy for regulating Cu-ion release and catalytic activity in metal-based cancer nanomedicines.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e76305"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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