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A Review of Droplet/Bubble Transportation on Bionic Superwetting Surface

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412363

Jinglan Huo, Xiaodan Gou, Jialiang Zhang, Jiangfeng Zhu, Feng Chen

{"title":"A Review of Droplet/Bubble Transportation on Bionic Superwetting Surface","authors":"Jinglan Huo, Xiaodan Gou, Jialiang Zhang, Jiangfeng Zhu, Feng Chen","doi":"10.1002/smll.202412363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412363","url":null,"abstract":"The controllable droplets/bubble transportation has a wide range of applications in the fields of biomedical, chemistry, energy, and material applications, and has aroused great attention for its significant scientific and technology importance. The main challenges derived from the liquid/solid or gas/solid contact strength and actuating energy input. Artificial superwetting surfaces inspired by nature creatures have triggered technology revolution in many fields relevant to droplet operation, and the applied actuating force improve the controllability to preferential direction. In this review, we highlights recent advancements in droplets/bubble transportation on the superwetting surfaces driven by passive or active stimulation methods inspired by bionic function interfaces. The three main superwetting surfaces including superhydrophobic surface, slippery liquid-infused porous surface, hybrid surface, various stimuli methods including gravity/buoyance, chemical/morphology gradient, heat, magnetism, electricity, light, adhesion force, and prosperous applications including micro-reaction, biochemical analysis, fog collection/antifog, energy transfer, bubble/liquid micro-robot, self-cleaning, light/circle switch have been systematically summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of research innovations and practical applications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valorizing Nitrate in Electrochemical Nitrogen Cycling: Copper-Based Catalysts from Reduction to C–N Coupling

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500833

Fengting Xie, Ziyang Wu, Jianping Yang

{"title":"Valorizing Nitrate in Electrochemical Nitrogen Cycling: Copper-Based Catalysts from Reduction to C–N Coupling","authors":"Fengting Xie, Ziyang Wu, Jianping Yang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500833","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3RR) offers a sustainable approach to mitigating nitrogen pollution while enabling the resourceful conversion of nitrate (NO3−) into ammonia (NH3), nitrogen gas (N2), and value-added chemicals such as urea. Copper (Cu)-based catalysts, with their versatile catalytic properties and cost-effectiveness, have emerged as pivotal materials in advancing NO3RR. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in Cu-based catalysts for NO3RR, focusing on their catalytic mechanisms, tuning strategies, and applications across diverse product pathways. The intrinsic self-reconstruction behavior and synergistic effects of Cu-based catalysts are elucidated alongside advanced in situ characterization techniques that reveal dynamic structural evolution and intermediate interactions during reactions. We comprehensively discuss the performance of Cu-based catalysts in steering NO3RR toward NH3 or N2 production, emphasizing the role of catalyst design (e.g., single atoms, alloys, oxides, hydroxides) in enhancing selectivity and efficiency. Furthermore, the multifunctionality of Cu catalysts is exemplified through carbon–nitrogen (C–N) coupling reactions, where reactive nitrogen intermediates are valorized into urea. Key challenges and future directions are outlined to guide the rational design of Cu-based systems for efficient electrochemical nitrogen cycling.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perchlorate Fusion–Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline IrO2: Leveraging Stability and Oxygen Evolution Activity

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412237

Genevieve C. Moss, Tobias Binninger, Ziba S. H. S. Rajan, Bamato J. Itota, Patricia J. Kooyman, Darija Susac, Rhiyaad Mohamed

{"title":"Perchlorate Fusion–Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline IrO2: Leveraging Stability and Oxygen Evolution Activity","authors":"Genevieve C. Moss, Tobias Binninger, Ziba S. H. S. Rajan, Bamato J. Itota, Patricia J. Kooyman, Darija Susac, Rhiyaad Mohamed","doi":"10.1002/smll.202412237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412237","url":null,"abstract":"Iridium oxides are the state-of-the-art oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), but their high cost and scarcity necessitate improved utilization. Crystalline rutile-type iridium dioxide (IrO2) offers superior stability under acidic OER conditions compared to amorphous iridium oxide (IrOx). However, the higher synthesis temperatures required for crystalline phase formation result in lower OER activity due to the loss in active surface area. Herein, a novel perchlorate fusion–hydrothermal (PFHT) synthesis method to produce nano-crystalline rutile-type IrO2 with enhanced OER performance is presented. This low-temperature approach involves calcination at a mild temperature (300 °C) in the presence of a strong oxidizing agent, sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), followed by hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C, yielding small (≈2 nm) rutile-type IrO2 nanoparticles with high mass-specific OER activity, achieving 95 A gIr−1 at 1.525 VRHE in ex situ glass-cell testing. Most importantly, the catalyst displays superior stability under harsh accelerated stress test conditions compared to commercial iridium oxides. The exceptional activity of the catalyst is confirmed with in situ PEMWE single-cell evaluations. This demonstrates that the PFHT synthesis method leverages the superior intrinsic properties of nano-crystalline IrO2, effectively overcoming the typical trade-offs between OER activity and catalyst stability.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Duos: Coacervate-Lipid Membrane Interactions in Regulating Membrane Transformation and Condensate Size 动态二重奏：调控膜转化和凝结物大小的涂膜-脂膜相互作用

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501470

Karthika S Nair, Sreelakshmi Radhakrishnan, Harsha Bajaj

{"title":"Dynamic Duos: Coacervate-Lipid Membrane Interactions in Regulating Membrane Transformation and Condensate Size","authors":"Karthika S Nair, Sreelakshmi Radhakrishnan, Harsha Bajaj","doi":"10.1002/smll.202501470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501470","url":null,"abstract":"Biomolecular condensates interfacing with lipid membranes is crucial for several key cellular functions. However, the role of lipid membranes in regulating condensates in cells remains obscure. Here, in-depth interactions between condensates and lipid membranes are probed and unraveled by employing cell-mimetic systems like Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). An unprecedented influence of the coacervate size and their electrostatic interaction with lipid membranes is revealed on the membrane properties and deformation. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that the large relative size of coacervates and minimal electrostatic interaction strength with membranes allow for budding transitions at the interface. Membranes act as nucleation site for coacervates when the charge-charge interaction is high, giving a wrinkled vesicle surface appearance. Molecular diffusion property of lipids, quantified using Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), is modulated at the coacervate-membrane interaction site restricting the coarsening of coacervates. Notably, these results reveal coacervate droplets are intertwined in between membrane folds and invaginations discerned using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution imaging, which further controls the dimension of droplets resembling size distributions observed in cells. Finally, these findings provide mechanistic insights of lipid bilayers controlling condensate sizes that play a prominent role in comprehending nucleation and localization of cellular condensates.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneously Enhance Humidity Tolerance and Ionic Conductivity of Halide Electrolytes by Cation–Anion Co-Doping

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500943

Weizong Wang, Kexuan Jing, He Ma, Kang Liang, Peng Wei, Jiangchuan Liu, Yurong Ren, Qian Zhao, Zhengping Ding

{"title":"Simultaneously Enhance Humidity Tolerance and Ionic Conductivity of Halide Electrolytes by Cation–Anion Co-Doping","authors":"Weizong Wang, Kexuan Jing, He Ma, Kang Liang, Peng Wei, Jiangchuan Liu, Yurong Ren, Qian Zhao, Zhengping Ding","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500943","url":null,"abstract":"Halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity and oxidation stability show significant potentials for the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, their practical applications are limited by poor humidity tolerance and decreased ionic conductivity. Herein, the Li3/3-xIn1-xMxCl5.6F0.4 (M = Hf, Zr, Fe, and Y; x = 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15) are synthesized by co-doping Li3InCl6 with M and F ions for high-performance ASSBs. Li2.98In0.98Hf0.02Cl5.6F0.4 achieves the highest ionic conductivity of 1.04 mS cm−1 at room temperature and good humidity tolerance of 87.96% conductivity retention after 24 h exposure. The analysis of experiments combining BVSE and AIMD simulations indicates that it benefits from the enhanced rigid structure that is thermodynamically stable to water caused by Cl− doping with F− and higher Li+ vacancies concentration that facilitates Li+ conduction generated by In3+ doping with Hf4+. Moreover, an all-solid-state battery ensembled with Li2.98In0.98Hf0.02Cl5.6F0.4, LiCoO2 and Li–In alloy, exhibits a high discharge capacity of 83.6 mAh g−1 and 78.6% capacity retention after 100 cycles under 0.5 C at 25 °C. This work provides a reliable strategy for designing advanced halide SSEs for commercial applications in ASSBs by cation–anion co-doping.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tumor-Selective Gene Therapy: Using Hairpin DNA Oligonucleotides to Trigger Cleavage of Target RNA by Endogenous flap endonuclease 1 (FEN 1) Highly Expressed in Tumor Cells

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410146

Chunlu Wang, Chen Wang, Chenxin Xiao, Weijie Zhang, Yan Guo, Muqing Qu, Qinxin Song, Xiaole Qi, Bingjie Zou

{"title":"Tumor-Selective Gene Therapy: Using Hairpin DNA Oligonucleotides to Trigger Cleavage of Target RNA by Endogenous flap endonuclease 1 (FEN 1) Highly Expressed in Tumor Cells","authors":"Chunlu Wang, Chen Wang, Chenxin Xiao, Weijie Zhang, Yan Guo, Muqing Qu, Qinxin Song, Xiaole Qi, Bingjie Zou","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410146","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleic acid drugs, which trigger gene silencing by hybridizing with target genes, have shown great potential in targeting those undruggable targets. However, most of the existing nucleic acid drugs are only sequence specific for target genes and lack cellular or tissue selectivity, which challenges their therapeutic safety. Here, the study proposes a tumor cell-specific gene silencing strategy by using hairpin DNA oligonucleotides to trigger target RNA degrading by highly expressed endogenous flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) in tumor cells, for selective tumor therapy. Using Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRASG12S) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) genes as targets, it is verified that the hairpin DNA oligonucleotides show cytotoxicity only to tumor cells but very low effects on normal cells. In addition, hairpin DNA oligonucleotides designed for KRAS inhibition, which are encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, inhibit tumor growth in mice and demonstrate excellent antitumor efficacy in combination with gefitinib, but has little effect on normal tissues, suggesting that the proposed strategy enables highly selective tumor therapy and has the potential to give rise to a new class of nucleic acid drugs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility of Active and Durable Lattice Oxygen-Mediated Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Through d0 Metal Ion Incorporation

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202411374

Yeju Jang, Hoyoung Kim, Dongmin Park, Sunghoon Han, Hyunwoo Jun, Jinkyu Park, Seongbeen Kim, Yousung Jung, Chang Hyuck Choi, Jong Hyun Jang, Seonggyu Lee, Jinwoo Lee

{"title":"Feasibility of Active and Durable Lattice Oxygen-Mediated Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Through d0 Metal Ion Incorporation","authors":"Yeju Jang, Hoyoung Kim, Dongmin Park, Sunghoon Han, Hyunwoo Jun, Jinkyu Park, Seongbeen Kim, Yousung Jung, Chang Hyuck Choi, Jong Hyun Jang, Seonggyu Lee, Jinwoo Lee","doi":"10.1002/smll.202411374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411374","url":null,"abstract":"The primary hurdle faced in the practical application of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) involves improving the intrinsic kinetic activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts while concurrently enhancing their durability. Although electrocatalysts based on lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM) have the potential to significantly enhance the activity in OER without being restricted by scaling relationships, they are neglected in acidic electrolytes due to limited durability. In this study, an innovative approach is presented to simultaneously promote the activation of lattice oxygen and improve the durability of LOM-based OER electrocatalysts by incorporating d0 metal ions into the RuO2 electrocatalyst. Leveraging the unique electronic properties of the d0 metal ion, the O 2p band center and Ru-O covalency of the electrocatalyst are successfully engineered, resulting in the change in OER mechanism. Furthermore, in a single cell of PEMWE, the LOM-based electrocatalyst demonstrates outstanding performance, achieving 3.0 A cm−2 at 1.81 V and maintaining durability for 100 h at 200 mA cm−2, surpassing commercial RuO2. This innovative strategy challenges the traditional viewpoint that suppressing lattice oxygen activation in OER is essential for enhancing PEMWE durability, offering new perspectives for the development of OER electrocatalysts in acidic electrolytes.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alloying Strategy Balances the Adsorption-Reduction-Oxidation Process of Sulfur Species Across Wide Temperature Ranges

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202502300

Wanqi Zhang, Mengyao Xu, Yongqian He, Sisi Liu, Mengqing Wang, Yongjie Ye, Ying Chen, Qin Tang, Xuewen Peng, Caixiang Wang, Hong Liu, Hongbo Shu, Ruizhi Yu, Xianyou Wang, Manfang Chen

{"title":"Alloying Strategy Balances the Adsorption-Reduction-Oxidation Process of Sulfur Species Across Wide Temperature Ranges","authors":"Wanqi Zhang, Mengyao Xu, Yongqian He, Sisi Liu, Mengqing Wang, Yongjie Ye, Ying Chen, Qin Tang, Xuewen Peng, Caixiang Wang, Hong Liu, Hongbo Shu, Ruizhi Yu, Xianyou Wang, Manfang Chen","doi":"10.1002/smll.202502300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202502300","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal-based catalysts have been demonstrated to effectively anchor and utilize lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), thereby enhancing the capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). However, the immobilized d-band electronic structure of a single transition metal is inadequate for achieving satisfactory adsorption and catalytic conversion. In this study, an alloying strategy is employed to modulate the d-band structure with the aim of achieving the optimal adsorption capacity for LiPSs. For this purpose, cobalt (Co)-nickel (Ni) encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as bimetallic catalysts (CoNi/NCNT) are synthesized. The theory calculations and experimental analysis demonstrate that by hybridizing the d-orbitals of Co and Ni, the d-band structure of the CoNi bimetallic is modulated to be at the optimal central position. This configuration leads to the moderate adsorption and detachment of LiPSs on the surface of the catalysts, thereby balancing the “adsorption-reduction-oxidation” process of sulfur (S) species. Therefore, the LSBs with CoNi/NCNT separator are able to achieve good cycling at room temperature (capacity decay rate of 0.086% after 500 cycles at 0.5 C). The modified batteries can achieve excellent cycling performance across a wide temperature range (capacity decay rate of 0.057% after 100 cycles at 0 °C, and 0.34% after 100 cycles at 60 °C).","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D Interlaced Biomimetic Wedge Structures for Efficient Fog Harvesting

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412333

Shanpeng Li, Bingbing Li, Changxue Wang, Ruihua Zhang, Zhiguang Guo

{"title":"3D Interlaced Biomimetic Wedge Structures for Efficient Fog Harvesting","authors":"Shanpeng Li, Bingbing Li, Changxue Wang, Ruihua Zhang, Zhiguang Guo","doi":"10.1002/smll.202412333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412333","url":null,"abstract":"The wedge-shaped leaves of the Araucaria heterophylla, arranged alternately in space, exhibit exceptional liquid discharge capabilities under capillary force. Drawing inspiration from this natural design, a 3D interlaced biomimetic wedge structure is developed. The structure undergoes optimization via mechanical analysis, resulting in the ideal inclination angle for the wedge structure, the effective wetting gradient distribution, and the optimal angle for the wedge. This allows the structure to collect water 11.48 times more than the control group (unprocessed flat plate). Two key factors contribute to this outcome. First, the 3D interlaced structure and Janus membrane wetting gradient cause rapid droplet jump to the rear of adjacent wedges. Second, optimizing the wedge structure's aspect ratio enhances geometric driving force over a long-range, enabling quick droplet migration to the structure's front root area. Notably, the obtained wedge angle closely resembles that of Araucaria heterophylla leaves, further validating the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the device maintains its high water collection efficiency despite fluctuating fog conditions, abrasive effects from wind and sand, and prolonged usage, making it ideally suited for deployment in arid regions, where it reliably supplies a stable water source for agricultural irrigation and domestic needs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Component Intermetallic Nanocrystals: a Promising Frontier in Advanced Electrocatalysis

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500306

Mingjin Cui, Haijiao Liu, Bo Xu, Xinwei Shi, Qingxi Zhai, Yuhai Dou, Xiangkang Meng, Xinghui Liu, Yu Ding, Huakun Liu, Shixue Dou

{"title":"Multi-Component Intermetallic Nanocrystals: a Promising Frontier in Advanced Electrocatalysis","authors":"Mingjin Cui, Haijiao Liu, Bo Xu, Xinwei Shi, Qingxi Zhai, Yuhai Dou, Xiangkang Meng, Xinghui Liu, Yu Ding, Huakun Liu, Shixue Dou","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500306","url":null,"abstract":"As the latest representation of high-entropy materials, structurally ordered multi-component intermetallic (MCI) nanocrystals exhibit various attractive functional properties, exceptionally high activity, and durability in energy-related electrocatalytic applications. These properties are primarily attributed to their ordered superlattice structures and high-entropy effects in one sublattice. However, to date, MCI nanocrystals have not been systematically studied. This review comprehensively analyzes the structural characteristics of MCI nanocrystals and the thermodynamics and kinetics of their ordering transformation. Various synthesis strategies for constructing MCI nanocrystals are discussed, including traditional thermal annealing, the cutting-edge manufacturing protocol of Joule heating methods, and wet chemical synthesis, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Importantly, the electronic structure characteristics of MCI nanocrystals are analyzed, beginning with the orbital hybridization of platinum group elements with 3d-block, p-block, and f-block metals, and further discussing their roles in electrocatalytic reactions (oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, formic acid oxidation reaction, and methanol oxidation reaction). The focus is on how the optimized electronic structure of active sites in MCI nanocrystals and the shifting of the d-band center contribute to performance enhancement. Based on comprehensive analysis, this review summarizes the progress made in MCI nanocrystals to date and highlights the significant challenges faced by the scientific community.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0