IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76302

Asmita Dutta, Hani Porat, Aneena Lal, Arie Borenstein, Alla Zak, Gennady Makrinich, Alex Laikhtman

{"title":"Plasma Treatment on 1D Tungsten Disulfide Carbon Core–Shell Composites for Improved Performance in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Asmita Dutta, Hani Porat, Aneena Lal, Arie Borenstein, Alla Zak, Gennady Makrinich, Alex Laikhtman","doi":"10.1002/smll.76302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76302","url":null,"abstract":"Cold plasma treatment is a cost‐effective, energy‐efficient method for modifying material surfaces by introducing reactive species that break and reform chemical bonds. In this work, WS 2 nanotubes (NTs) were coated with carbon nanodots to form a 1D carbon‐coated WS 2 NTs (AWS 2 /C) core–shell structure, followed by radiofrequency plasma treatment; the resulting carbon‐coated plasma‐treated catalysts exhibit markedly enhanced hydrogen‐evolution performance. Plasma treatment modifies the near‐surface structure and chemistry of the catalyst. In the carbon‐coated system, Ar plasma provides beneficial shallow surface activation, The additional D 2 plasma exposure produces a clear increase in the local (002) interlayer spacing from 0.62 to 0.65 nm accompanied by stronger lattice disorder. Compared with untreated AWS 2 /C (328 mV at −10 mA/cm 2 ), Ar plasma treated AWS 2 /C (AWS 2 /C‐Ar) samples show a significantly reduced overpotential of 168 mV, whereas AWS 2 /C‐Ar‐D 2 is less active despite its larger structural perturbation. This behavior contrasts with our earlier findings on pristine WS 2 NTs, where combined Ar‐D 2 plasma treatment was more beneficial than single‐gas plasma process, and, therefore, indicates the carbon shell fundamentally changes the plasma‐response mechanism at the WS 2 interface. These newly designed catalysts exhibit good operational stability, highlighting the promise of plasma‐engineered carbon‐coated WS 2 NTs for hydrogen‐evolution electrocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart Molecular Crystals With Dynamic Photonic Modulation and Integrated Waveguiding 具有动态光子调制和集成波导的智能分子晶体

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76347

Xu Deng, Xuesong Yang, Feiqiang He, Zhi Gao, Limin Zhou, Zhijian Zheng, Li Xu, Jerry Heng, Jinbo Ouyang

{"title":"Smart Molecular Crystals With Dynamic Photonic Modulation and Integrated Waveguiding","authors":"Xu Deng, Xuesong Yang, Feiqiang He, Zhi Gao, Limin Zhou, Zhijian Zheng, Li Xu, Jerry Heng, Jinbo Ouyang","doi":"10.1002/smll.76347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76347","url":null,"abstract":"Stimuli‐responsive materials capable of dynamically tuning their optical outputs promise new architectures for smart photonics, yet simultaneously achieving rapid response kinetics and low loss optical waveguiding within a single crystal phase remains challenging. Here, we present two Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) active Schiff base crystals where supramolecular hydrogen bonding engineering resolves this trade‐off. By strategically introducing intermolecular hydrogen bonding networks alongside intrinsic intramolecular proton transfer channels, these crystals deliver highly sensitive, fully reversible thermofluorochromic switching coupled with efficient waveguiding performance. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and theoretical calculations reveal that the subtle interplay between molecular conformation and supramolecular packing topology governs both the thermal emission color gradation and the quenching dynamics. Leveraging these dual photonic functions, we demonstrate a multilevel anti‐counterfeiting platform that pairs static visual features with dynamic thermal responsiveness. Overall, this work highlights the potential of tailor‐made supramolecular architectures in converting organic molecular crystals into versatile building blocks for advanced micro‐/nanophotonics and information encryption.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electron‐Transfer Engineered Biointerface With Detonation Nanodiamonds for Next‐Generation Cortisol Electrochemical Immunoassay 电子转移工程生物界面与爆轰纳米金刚石用于下一代皮质醇电化学免疫分析

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76203

Chakavak Esmaeili, Jaroslav Kuliček, Markéta Šlapal Bařinková, Bohuslav Rezek

{"title":"Electron‐Transfer Engineered Biointerface With Detonation Nanodiamonds for Next‐Generation Cortisol Electrochemical Immunoassay","authors":"Chakavak Esmaeili, Jaroslav Kuliček, Markéta Šlapal Bařinková, Bohuslav Rezek","doi":"10.1002/smll.76203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76203","url":null,"abstract":"Detonation nanodiamonds (DND) emerge as versatile nano building blocks for next generation biosensing, owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. In this study, a robust label‐free electrochemical immunosensor for cortisol detection is based on screen printed carbon electrodes (SPE) modified with pristine DND. By utilizing EDC/NHS, efficient covalent crosslinking and stable antibody immobilization is achieved, as shown by comprehensive morphological and spectroscopic characterization (AFM, SEM, Raman, FTIR). Electrochemical analyses demonstrate that the DND interlayer functions as efficient multifunctional nanoscale mediator, enhancing interfacial electron transfer kinetics and providing stable biointerface. The resulting immunosensor exhibits high sensitivity with relevant linear range of 0.1 to 100 nM and detection limit of 10 pM, alongside high selectivity against structurally related hormones and robust long‐term storage stability. Validation in artificial saliva matrices demonstrates reliable performance and successful recovery. Benchmarking confirms that the DND‐engineered SPE can offer a scalable, low‐cost, reliable, competitive platform for non‐invasive cortisol monitoring in point‐of‐care applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self‐Powered, Neural Network‐Inspired Mechanical Intelligence Driven by Triboelectric Nanogenerators 由摩擦电纳米发电机驱动的自供电、神经网络启发的机械智能

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76359

Xinke Yu, Xin Zhang, Wenpo Li, Juan Wang, Taoqiang Ling, Hengyu Guo, Chenguo Hu

{"title":"Self‐Powered, Neural Network‐Inspired Mechanical Intelligence Driven by Triboelectric Nanogenerators","authors":"Xinke Yu, Xin Zhang, Wenpo Li, Juan Wang, Taoqiang Ling, Hengyu Guo, Chenguo Hu","doi":"10.1002/smll.76359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76359","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous computing systems are crucial for distributed intelligent electronics, yet conventional architectures continue to face challenges in energy efficiency and system integration. Here, we report a self‐powered mechanical intelligence paradigm driven by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this paradigm, mechanical logic units respond to charge inputs of different polarities to establish physical connections with a neural‐network‐like topology, enabling the construction of 14 basic logic gates. Information encoding and processing are thereby integrated into the mechanical response and structural evolution of the system. This approach, in which ordered logic functions emerge through physical interactions, provides a new pathway toward mechanical intelligence. The resulting self‐powered mechanical intelligence integrates logic operations and numerical computation on a single platform. Furthermore, we demonstrate a self‐sustained intelligent in‐vehicle system, in which the TENG simultaneously provides sensing inputs and drives computation, enabling self‐powered real‐time monitoring of passenger status. These results demonstrate that TENG‐driven self‐powered mechanical intelligence can perform information processing, providing a practical pathway toward autonomous and low‐maintenance intelligent systems based on mechanical intelligence.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Green and Convenient Synthesis Strategy for High‐Entropy Oxide Colloidal Nanoparticles 绿色便捷的高熵氧化物胶体纳米颗粒合成策略

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76378

Biao Yang, Si‐Weng Zhang, Sai‐Nan Guo, Jie‐Xin Wang, Jian‐Feng Chen

{"title":"A Green and Convenient Synthesis Strategy for High‐Entropy Oxide Colloidal Nanoparticles","authors":"Biao Yang, Si‐Weng Zhang, Sai‐Nan Guo, Jie‐Xin Wang, Jian‐Feng Chen","doi":"10.1002/smll.76378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76378","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional colloidal synthesis methods for highly dispersed nanoparticles of high‐entropy oxides (HEOs) often involve complex reaction pathways and harmful organic solvents, thus impractical for large‐scale production. Herein, we report a green and convenient method integrating high‐gravity‐assisted instantaneous coprecipitation with low‐temperature hydrothermal treatment to synthesize nearly monodisperse HEO nanoparticles in an aqueous green solvent. This synthesis strategy is also very general and allows for customizable metallic compositions ranging from quinary to nonary. As a proof‐of‐concept, with excellent dispersity and high external active area, the optimal sample demonstrates remarkable activity for the oxygen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA cm −2 , much surpassing the traditional calcined product and commercial RuO 2 benchmark. Therefore, this work establishes a novel and scalable synthetic route for nearly monodisperse HEO nanoparticles with tunable composition, enabling the further extension of fundamental studies on HEO nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic Solvation‐Interface Regulation via a Zincophilic‐Hydrophobic Additive Enables Deep‐Cycling Zinc Metal Anodes 通过亲锌-疏水添加剂的协同溶剂化-界面调节实现深度循环锌金属阳极

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76335

Qinghong Yan, Jia‐Hui Li, Zijie Wu, Youhao Liao, Yinxiang Zeng, Weishan Li

{"title":"Synergistic Solvation‐Interface Regulation via a Zincophilic‐Hydrophobic Additive Enables Deep‐Cycling Zinc Metal Anodes","authors":"Qinghong Yan, Jia‐Hui Li, Zijie Wu, Youhao Liao, Yinxiang Zeng, Weishan Li","doi":"10.1002/smll.76335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76335","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are regarded as a compelling candidate for large‐scale energy storage due to their inherent safety, low cost, and ease of production. However, their commercialization is impeded by critical issues of zinc anodes, including uncontrolled dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, zinc corrosion, and by‐product accumulation. Herein, we report a synergistic solvation‐interface regulation strategy using sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (C 12 ‐MADS) as a multifunctional additive. Specifically, the sulfonate groups enter the Zn 2+ solvation sheath to displace coordinated water molecules, lowering the desolvation energy barrier. Concurrently, these sulfonate groups anchor onto the zinc surface via strong affinity, while the hydrophobic alkyl chains extend outward to create a water‐exclusive inner Helmholtz plane. This dual action homogenizes interfacial Zn 2+ flux, suppresses water‐induced side reactions, and promotes dense, dendrite‐free zinc deposition. Consequently, the C 12 ‐MADS modified electrolyte enables a Zn||Zn symmetric cell to stably cycle for 1600 h under rigorous conditions (10 mA cm −2 , 10 mAh cm −2 ), and a Zn||I 2 /CNT full cell delivers exceptional rate capability and extended cycling stability. This work provides molecular‐level insight into the synergistic solvation‐interface regulation mechanism and offers a rational design principle for durable aqueous Zn anodes.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA Nanostructures for Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Translational Challenges 克服癌症耐药的DNA纳米结构：机制、治疗策略和转化挑战

IF 13.3 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/smll.76360

Botao Liu, Chenxin Liu, Jiale Liang, Bo Huang, Lan Yao, Yun Wang, Yunfeng Lin

{"title":"DNA Nanostructures for Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Translational Challenges","authors":"Botao Liu, Chenxin Liu, Jiale Liang, Bo Huang, Lan Yao, Yun Wang, Yunfeng Lin","doi":"10.1002/smll.76360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76360","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer drug resistance, a major cause of chemotherapy failure, arises from multiple interconnected barriers, including reduced intracellular drug accumulation, enhanced drug efflux, adaptive survival signaling, increased DNA repair, and redox or metabolic remodeling. To address these limitations, recent advances in programmable DNA nanostructures have provided new opportunities for constructing multifunctional nanotherapeutic platforms. This review examines how the structural characteristics of DNA nanostructures influence drug delivery, molecular regulation, and resistance modulation, and analyzes how different DNA nanoplatforms, including tetrahedral framework nucleic acids, DNA origami, DNA nanoflowers, spherical nucleic acids, and hybrid DNA assemblies, contribute to therapeutic regulation. It then highlights their applications in overcoming major resistance‐associated barriers, such as inefficient cellular uptake, drug efflux, apoptosis evasion, DNA repair activation, and biochemical adaptation. Finally, it discusses the challenges in DNA nanostructure‐based cancer therapy and proposes future directions for improving stability, intracellular delivery, tumor accumulation, immune safety, and scalable manufacturing. These advances suggest that DNA nanostructures may serve as next‐generation programmable nanomedicine platforms for multilevel intervention against cancer drug resistance.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"482 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemically In Situ Formed Active and Stable Surface Gradient Layer on Amorphous Ni-La-S-O Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution From Alkaline Seawater 电化学原位形成活性稳定的非晶态Ni-La-S-O催化剂表面梯度层用于碱性海水高效析氢

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75165

Bo Chen, Wenshu Chen, Yongping Du, Ruxia Liu, Chang Liu, Wenbei Yu, Youfa Wang, Guoqiang Luo, Qiang Shen, Jian Zhang

{"title":"Electrochemically In Situ Formed Active and Stable Surface Gradient Layer on Amorphous Ni-La-S-O Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution From Alkaline Seawater","authors":"Bo Chen, Wenshu Chen, Yongping Du, Ruxia Liu, Chang Liu, Wenbei Yu, Youfa Wang, Guoqiang Luo, Qiang Shen, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smll.75165","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 The complex corrosive environment and interference from impurity ions in seawater present significant challenges for developing high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. Herein, amorphous Ni-La-S-O materials were developed in conjunction with an in situ electrochemical activation strategy to advance this field. Specifically, through chronopotentiometry at –2500 mA cm−2 (CP2500), the amorphous Ni-La-S-O catalysts exhibit significantly enhanced HER performance accompanied by surface reconstruction processes, leading to an in situ formed active and stable 5 µm-thick surface gradient layer after CP2500-2 h. Remarkably, the optimal activated Ni-La-S-O (6-1) sample demonstrates superior corrosion-resistant and electrocatalytic performance, requiring overpotentials of only 158 and 226 mV to achieve industrial-level HER current densities of 1000 and 2000 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater and sustaining stable operation at 1000 mA cm−2 for over 120 h, significantly outperforming commercial Pt/C and most other reported representative catalysts. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the activation induced by the CP-processing originates from the optimized d-band centers and reduced water dissociation energy barriers of the Ni-La-S-O catalyst via surface reconstruction. This work not only promotes the large-scale development of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production but also offers a cutting-edge perspective on optimizing the performance and investigating the working mechanisms of amorphous catalysts.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Se Alloyed SnS Through Band Engineering, Na and Ag Co-Doping, and Nanostructuring 通过带工程、Na和Ag Co掺杂和纳米结构提高Se合金SnS的热电性能

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75104

Peramaiyan Ganesan, Chandra Shekar Gantepogu, Sidharth Duraisamy, Balaji Venkatesan, Muhammad Yusuf Fakhri, Muluken Biadgelegn Wollele, Mebratu Assaye, Anup Shrivastava, Phillip Wu, Min-Nan Ou, Tzu-Hsuan Weng, Kung-Hsuan Lin, Chong-Chi Chi, Ming-Yen Lu, Kuei-Hsien Chen, Jost Adam, Maw-Kuen Wu

{"title":"Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Se Alloyed SnS Through Band Engineering, Na and Ag Co-Doping, and Nanostructuring","authors":"Peramaiyan Ganesan, Chandra Shekar Gantepogu, Sidharth Duraisamy, Balaji Venkatesan, Muhammad Yusuf Fakhri, Muluken Biadgelegn Wollele, Mebratu Assaye, Anup Shrivastava, Phillip Wu, Min-Nan Ou, Tzu-Hsuan Weng, Kung-Hsuan Lin, Chong-Chi Chi, Ming-Yen Lu, Kuei-Hsien Chen, Jost Adam, Maw-Kuen Wu","doi":"10.1002/smll.75104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 SnS‑based compounds are promising eco‑friendly thermoelectric materials. We investigated polycrystalline, hole‑doped Sn(1‑x‑y)NaxAgyS1‑zSez (z = 0, 0.09, and 0.5), synthesized via a solid‑state reaction, ball milling, and spark plasma sintering. The co‑doped Sn0.98Na0.01Ag0.01S0.5Se0.5 sample achieved a high figure of merit (ZT≈2.2 at 810 K), enabled by the combined effects of an enhanced power factor and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (≈0.2 W m−1 K−1 at 810 K). This demonstrates the favorable co‑optimization of electrical and thermal transport properties in the alloyed system. HR-TEM and X-ray diffraction analyses confirm the presence of nanocrystalline domains (∼9–14 nm) that effectively scatter phonons. Electronic-structure calculations showed that Se alloying restructures the fragmented valence-band edge of SnS into a converged multivalley manifold, reducing the geometric and inertial effective masses while preserving the aggregate DOS slope. This reshaping, confirmed by DOS profiles and Pisarenko analysis, demonstrates that Se substitution simultaneously enhances carrier mobility and sustains Seebeck response, yielding a higher power factor. Experimentally, Na/Ag co‑doped Sn0.98S exhibited a 1.16 eV bandgap, narrowed to 0.99 eV in Sn0.98S0.5Se0.5, confirming electronic tuning. Specific heat and Raman spectroscopy reveal softened lattice vibrations, which, together with nanocrystalline phonon scattering, suppress lattice thermal conductivity and enable outstanding thermoelectric performance.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stimuli Responsive Rechargeable Li–CO2 Batteries 刺激响应可充电锂-二氧化碳电池。

IF 11.8 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-10-18 Epub Date: 2026-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smll.75636

Namsheer Kuniyil, Il Tae Kim

{"title":"Stimuli Responsive Rechargeable Li–CO2 Batteries","authors":"Namsheer Kuniyil, Il Tae Kim","doi":"10.1002/smll.75636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smll.75636","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries represent a promising approach for integrating electrochemical energy storage with CO2 utilization. However, their practical implementation is fundamentally constrained by sluggish reaction kinetics and the high thermodynamic stability of discharge products, resulting in large overpotential, catalyst deactivation, interfacial instability, and limited reversibility. Conventional catalyst and electrolyte engineering have only partially addressed these challenges, prompting the exploration of dynamic strategies that actively regulate the reaction environment. External stimuli, including light irradiation, pressure, and piezoelectric polarization, provides such an approach by modulating electronic structure, interfacial energetics, charge-transfer pathways, and local reaction environments. These effects accelerate reaction kinetics, promote reversible formation and decomposition, suppress electrode passivation, and improve the overall electrochemical performance. In this review, we first discuss the fundamental reaction mechanisms of Li–CO2 batteries and the thermodynamic and kinetic origins of their performance limitations. We then systematically examine the working mechanisms of diverse stimuli-assisted strategies, critically comparing their electrochemical roles, advantages, limitations, energy requirements, and practical applicability from a unified mechanistic perspective. Finally, we identify the key scientific and engineering challenges that remain and outline future directions for the rational design of efficient, durable, and scalable stimuli-assisted Li–CO2 batteries.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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