IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73648

Igor V Golosovsky, Iurii A Kibalin, Deborah Liguori, Beatrice Muzzi, Alejandro G Roca, Eddy Lelièvre-Berna, Ines Puente-Orench, Arsen Gukasov, Josep Nogués, Alberto López-Ortega

{"title":"Qualitative Evaluation of the Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy in Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles Using Polarized Neutron Powder Diffraction.","authors":"Igor V Golosovsky, Iurii A Kibalin, Deborah Liguori, Beatrice Muzzi, Alejandro G Roca, Eddy Lelièvre-Berna, Ines Puente-Orench, Arsen Gukasov, Josep Nogués, Alberto López-Ortega","doi":"10.1002/smll.73648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73648","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is a key parameter governing the performance of magnetic nanoparticles in many applications. However, disentangling its intrinsic contribution from other sources of effective anisotropy, such as surface effects, dipolar interactions or shape anisotropy, remains highly challenging. Here, we report a novel approach to qualitatively estimate the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of two CoxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles with different Co contents (x = 0.11 and 0.61) using polarized neutron powder diffraction (PNPD). The off-diagonal elements of the susceptibility tensors and degree of asymmetry of the magnetization ellipsoids obtained from the PNPD refinements reveal that the sample with x = 0.61 presents a larger magnetocrystalline anisotropy than the sample with x = 0.11, which is consistent with the effective anisotropy derived from magnetometry. Moreover, comparison of the PNPD-derived magnetization ellipsoids across materials with varying anisotropies confirms the direct relationship between the ellipsoid asymmetry and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. These findings establish PNPD as a powerful tool for qualitatively probing intrinsic anisotropies in nanoparticle systems, paving the way for the rational design and optimization of magnetic nanoparticles for advanced applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73648"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pore Structure Engineering in Solid Oxide Cell Electrodes: Formation Mechanisms, Characterization Techniques, and Performance Implications. 固体氧化物电池电极的孔隙结构工程：形成机制、表征技术和性能影响。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73581

Tengpeng Wang, Jing Zhu, Bin Chen, Mohammad Younas, Yi Jia, Dehua Dong, Meng Ni

{"title":"Pore Structure Engineering in Solid Oxide Cell Electrodes: Formation Mechanisms, Characterization Techniques, and Performance Implications.","authors":"Tengpeng Wang, Jing Zhu, Bin Chen, Mohammad Younas, Yi Jia, Dehua Dong, Meng Ni","doi":"10.1002/smll.73581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73581","url":null,"abstract":"Solid oxide cells (SOCs) have demonstrated efficient energy conversions between power and fuels through reversible operations and will play an important role in renewable energy utilization. The porous structure of electrodes greatly affects cell performance and durability due to multifunctionalities: reaction sites, gas transport, electronic and ionic conduction, as well as mechanical support for supporting electrodes. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been devoted to design and optimize the porous structure of the electrode to achieve enhanced performance and durability, such as a functionally graded porous structure, a finger-like pore structure, etc. Different from the existing literature reviews on SOCs focusing on new materials developments, this paper has reviewed the pore structure engineering, covering pore formation mechanisms, the characterization techniques of pore structure, and the effects of various pore engineering strategies on the performance and durability of SOCs. The direction of future pore structure engineering is discussed.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73581"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lewis Acid-Base Coordination-Driven Interface Passivation Using 3-Hydroxyflavone for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. 倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池中3-羟黄酮的Lewis酸碱配位界面钝化。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73673

Wenjing Hou, Changdong Ji, Mingxin Fu, Helin Wang, Fan Zhang

{"title":"Lewis Acid-Base Coordination-Driven Interface Passivation Using 3-Hydroxyflavone for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.","authors":"Wenjing Hou, Changdong Ji, Mingxin Fu, Helin Wang, Fan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smll.73673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73673","url":null,"abstract":"Interface recombination and long-term instability under illumination remain major barriers to the large-scale application of perovskite solar cells. To address these issues, we developed an interfacial passivation strategy using 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF), which functions through Lewis acid-base coordination. The strong Lewis acidity of Pb2+ allows it to compete with the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of 3-HF for the carbonyl coordination site, forming a stable structure that effectively suppresses interface defects and increases the ion-migration barrier. In addition, this passivation layer optimizes the energy-level alignment at the interface, thereby promoting effective electron extraction and transport. The small-area (0.09 cm2) perovskite solar cell device fabricated with the 3-HF passivation strategy achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.6%. Crucially, it also enhances the performance and stability of the mini-modules (14 cm2), achieving a PCE of 22.6% and maintaining 98.9% of its initial performance after continuous illumination for 500 h. This research takes an important step toward scalable manufacturing of perovskite solar modules.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73673"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Longevity and Efficiency of Iron-Chromium Flow Batteries through Bromide-Bridged by Solvation Restructuring under Wide-Temperature Operation. 宽温条件下溴化物桥化重整提高铁铬液流电池寿命和效率。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73600

Mingjun Nan, Shujie Gao, Qizhen Cui, Xingchen Li, Xiangkun Ma

{"title":"Enhancing Longevity and Efficiency of Iron-Chromium Flow Batteries through Bromide-Bridged by Solvation Restructuring under Wide-Temperature Operation.","authors":"Mingjun Nan, Shujie Gao, Qizhen Cui, Xingchen Li, Xiangkun Ma","doi":"10.1002/smll.73600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73600","url":null,"abstract":"Iron-chromium flow batteries (ICFBs) are a promising large-scale energy storage technology characterized by cost-effectiveness and scalability. However, their practical deployment is often limited by low energy density, kinetic inefficiencies, and high temperature dependence. This work engineers a bromine-bridged solvation architecture to overcome the identified limitations. The reconstructed Cr3+ solvation sheath featuring bromine-bridged coordination accelerates redox kinetics and suppresses degradation, enhancing operational stability of the ICFB. Concurrently, the analogous solvation restructuring of iron species expands the electrochemical potential window, boosting volumetric energy density. Notably, this solvent-mediated reconstruction enhances electrolyte ionic conductivity through optimized ion transport channels, which synergistically improve the voltage efficiency. Critically, the bromine-bridged surface anchoring of Cr3+ on electrode interfaces facilitates ultrafast interfacial electron transfer. Consequently, the HBr-modified ICFB achieves an energy efficiency (EE) of 81.93% at 100 mA cm-2 under 65°C, along with an energy density of 18.65 Wh/L and EE of 81.25% at the same current density but 25°C, exhibiting stable cycling over 200 cycles. This work proposes a high-efficiency ICFB that can operate over a wide temperature range for the first time, offering a scalable pathway for developing next-generation ICFB electrolytes with enhanced efficiency, durability, and energy storage performance.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73600"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanochemical Transformation From Zigzag-Type Layered/Phenakite to Disordered Rocksalt in Mn-Rich Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries. 富锰锂离子电池负极中由之字形层状/斑锌矿向无序岩盐的力学化学转变

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73666

Yi-Chen Wu, Yoojin Ahn, Tsung-Yi Chen, Xueyu Hu, Yong Ding, Yewon Oh, Weining Wang, Meilin Liu

{"title":"Mechanochemical Transformation From Zigzag-Type Layered/Phenakite to Disordered Rocksalt in Mn-Rich Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Yi-Chen Wu, Yoojin Ahn, Tsung-Yi Chen, Xueyu Hu, Yong Ding, Yewon Oh, Weining Wang, Meilin Liu","doi":"10.1002/smll.73666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73666","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how cation disorder develops in Mn-rich disordered rocksalt (DRX) systems-particularly under mechanochemical activation-has been hindered by limited insight into the underlying transformation pathways. Here, we uncover a distinct transformation route in Li1.2Mn(2+x)/3Mo(0.4-x)/3O2-xFx (LMMOFx), in which Mo and F co-doping drives the material toward a zigzag-type layered/phenakite-mixed structure. This layered/phenakite-mixed phase undergoes pronounced local structural reconstruction, which promotes DRX formation and induces a transition from a two-phase Mn and O redox mechanism to a stable single-phase process, delivering a high reversible capacity of 297.9 mAh g-1. Systematic structural and electrochemical comparisons across the LMMOF series further reveal how progressive disorder and phase mixing reshape Li-ion transport pathways. Together, these results establish a mechanistic framework for leveraging dopant- and structure-controlled precursor chemistry to direct mechanochemical DRX formation, and they offer a design principle for earth-abundant, Mn-rich DRX cathodes with tunable disorder.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73666"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Advances in Topological Materials for Photodetection. 光探测拓扑材料研究进展。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73586

Tongyu Wang, Cong Chen

{"title":"Recent Advances in Topological Materials for Photodetection.","authors":"Tongyu Wang, Cong Chen","doi":"10.1002/smll.73586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73586","url":null,"abstract":"Topological materials, which possess nontrivial band structures and topologically protected boundary states, exhibit unique physical properties in electronic transport, light-matter interaction, and quantum regulation that distinguish them from conventional semiconductors. With the rapid development of topological insulators, topological crystalline insulators, topological semimetals, and topological superconductors, photodetectors based on topological materials have achieved a series of important advances from the visible and infrared to the terahertz spectral ranges and show advantages such as broadband photoresponse, high carrier mobility, ultrafast response speed, and potential room-temperature operation. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of different topological material systems in photodetection, with emphasis on the effects of topological surface states and bulk states on photogenerated carrier transport and the main photoelectric response mechanisms in topological materials, as well as the roles by which topological properties enhance device performance. Typical device architectures and key performance metrics are also summarized. Finally, the key challenges currently faced by topological material photodetectors are analyzed, which include material synthesis, dark current suppression, and device uniformity and stability, and the future development directions for infrared, terahertz, and novel photodetection applications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73586"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic Anisotropy Enables Spin-Polarized Oxygen Evolution on FeNi Electrocatalysts. 磁各向异性使FeNi电催化剂的自旋极化析氧成为可能。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73584

Jinli Zhu, Xiaowei Jin, Xuanyang Cao, Chenglong Jia, Daqiang Gao

引用次数: 0

Electronic Modulation via Introducing Polyoxometalate to Fe-Ni₃S₂ Nanosheet for Enhanced Water Electrolysis. 在Fe-Ni3S2纳米片上引入多金属氧酸盐的电子调制增强了水的电解。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73703

Man Jin, Zi-Xuan Wu, Bo-Cong Shi, Bowen Song, Weiwei Liu, Dongsheng Geng, Wang Zhang, Yu Wang, Yu-Jia Tang

{"title":"Electronic Modulation via Introducing Polyoxometalate to Fe-Ni3S2 Nanosheet for Enhanced Water Electrolysis.","authors":"Man Jin, Zi-Xuan Wu, Bo-Cong Shi, Bowen Song, Weiwei Liu, Dongsheng Geng, Wang Zhang, Yu Wang, Yu-Jia Tang","doi":"10.1002/smll.73703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73703","url":null,"abstract":"Modulating electronic structure and local coordination environment of electrocatalysts is a promising strategy to facilitate water adsorption and dissociation. Herein, we prepare polyoxometalate (POM) modulated Fe-doped Ni3S2 nanosheets (PMo12-Fe-Ni3S2) on a nickel foam (NF) substrate by a one-step hydrothermal method. The PMo12 clusters are homogeneously dispersed, preventing nanosheets from agglomerating, while rich electrons in PMo12 are conducive to promoting electron transfer, thereby tuning electronic configuration effectively. PMo12-Fe-Ni3S2 on NF exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance for water splitting in an alkaline medium, delivering an overpotential of 221 mV at 10 mA cm-2, a small Tafel slope of 37.7 mV dec-1, and long-term stability over 100 h for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Further applying to an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) electrolyzer, PMo12-Fe-Ni3S2 achieves a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a cell voltage below 1.69 V. Physical characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that PMo12 is sacrificed while newly formed MoFe-doped NiOOH is the real active species after OER, thus accelerating electron transfer and optimizing adsorption energy of intermediates. This work provides an insightful POM engineering strategy for electronic modulation of POM-based electrocatalysts, possessing great potentials for water electrolysis applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73703"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in Ta₃N₅-Based Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production and Beyond. ta3n5基光阳极在光电化学制氢及其他领域的研究进展。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73508

Chengkai He, Qiang Wang, Chenming Fan, Weiwei Zhang, Hongmin Zhu, Bing Li

{"title":"Advances in Ta3N5-Based Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production and Beyond.","authors":"Chengkai He, Qiang Wang, Chenming Fan, Weiwei Zhang, Hongmin Zhu, Bing Li","doi":"10.1002/smll.73508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73508","url":null,"abstract":"Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has garnered significant attention as a highly promising and environmentally sustainable route for direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion. Nevertheless, its practical application hinges critically on highly efficient and stable photoanode materials. Tantalum nitride (Ta3N5), an n-type semiconductor featuring an ideal bandgap and suitable energy band edges for water splitting, has emerged as a prominent candidate for PEC hydrogen generation. In this review, recent progress in Ta3N5-based photoanodes for solar energy conversion is comprehensively summarized. It begins with an overview of basic properties of Ta3N5, with an emphasis on its advantages and key challenges for solar water splitting. Next, the main fabrication methods for Ta3N5 film photoanodes are introduced. Highlighted are the effective performance enhancement strategies via improving light absorption, charge separation, and surface reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the development of Ta3N5-based PEC tandem cells for unassisted overall water splitting is discussed. Beyond hydrogen production, their emerging applications for the coproduction of high-value-added chemicals and other hydrocarbon fuels are also presented. Finally, the ongoing challenges and future prospects of Ta3N5 photoanodes for solar fuel production are discussed. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review can provide an instructive guideline for the rational design of high-performance Ta3N5-based photoanodes toward efficient solar energy conversion and storage.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73508"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Furin-Mediated Intracellular Aggregation of Radioactive Molecules for Enhanced Radionuclide Imaging and Tumor Therapy. furin介导的细胞内放射性分子聚集增强放射性核素成像和肿瘤治疗。

IF 12.1 2区材料科学

Small Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/smll.73679

Mei Hu, Zhixin Han, Yiming Feng, Hao Sun, Yuqi Zhang, Bin Zhang, Xiaoyan Wang, Xiaju Cheng, Haibin Shi

{"title":"Furin-Mediated Intracellular Aggregation of Radioactive Molecules for Enhanced Radionuclide Imaging and Tumor Therapy.","authors":"Mei Hu, Zhixin Han, Yiming Feng, Hao Sun, Yuqi Zhang, Bin Zhang, Xiaoyan Wang, Xiaju Cheng, Haibin Shi","doi":"10.1002/smll.73679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73679","url":null,"abstract":"Radiopharmaceutical serves as a \"golden key\" for accurate disease diagnosis and treatment. However, their clinical application is still impeded by rapid systemic clearance and limited retention within tumor tissues. Therefore, the development of advanced radiopharmaceuticals with good tumor specificity and prolonged intratumoral retention is highly critical for effective tumor imaging and therapy. Herein, we rationally design and synthesize a furin enzyme-responsive radioactive molecule RVRR-TPE that consists of a furin enzyme-specific peptide substrate Arg-Val-Arg-Arg (RVRR), a hydrophobic fluorophore tetraphenylethene (TPE) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, and a phenol unit for Iodine isotope labeling. Probes RVRR-TPE were self-assembled into large nanoparticles in furin enzyme-positive cancer cells, resulting in enhanced uptake and prolonged retention. In vivo studies demonstrated that the 125I or 131I-labeled probes could be used for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) tumor imaging and significantly suppressed the growth of furin-positive HCT116 colon tumor with great therapeutic effect. This furin-mediated aggregation strategy to prolong retention effect offers a promising platform for effective radionuclide imaging and treatment of various malignancies.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":" ","pages":"e73679"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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